雨量站网分布对雨量插值算法及径流响应的影响
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摘要
为比较雨量站网密度及分布对不同空间插值算法的影响,选取6种雨量站密度的不同分布,采用4种空间插值算法对研究区2006—2014年的日降雨进行插值,并将面均雨量作为新安江模型的输入,分析和比较其降雨径流响应。结果表明:①雨量站网空间分布越均匀,降雨插值误差越小,其径流模拟的精度也越高;②在雨量站网均匀布置的情况下,各空间插值算法的插值结果差异较小;雨量站网布置不均匀时,站点数目越少各空间插值算法插值结果差异越大;③计算点雨量时,考虑空间变量的克里金法能更准确地计算日降雨的结果;计算面雨量时,不同插值算法间差异较小,建议选用计算简便的插值算法,比如泰森多边形、反距离权重法。
To investigate the influence of rain gauges network configuration on the accuracy of rainfall spatial interpolation and hydrological modelling,we selected different distributions of six rain gauges over the study basin and compared the results of four interpolation methods for 9-year(2006-2014) daily rainfall data. Then we calculated the mean areal daily rainfall series for different network configurations and used as the inputs of Xinanjiang model to obtain the simulated runoff. The results show that: 1) evenly distributed rain gauges lead to smaller rainfall interpolation error and higher hydrological modeling efficiency; 2)when the rain gauges are evenly distributed, no significant differences among the four rainfall interpolation results are found, while when the rain gauges are unevenly distributed, such differences are obvious especially for small rain gauge density networks; and 3) for point rainfall interpolation, Kriging interpolation method in consideration of spatial autocorrelation in residuals performs better than the other methods in calculating actual daily rainfall; for mean areal rainfall,the difference between different interpolation methods is small so we suggest to adopt a simple interpolation method, such as Thiessen Polygons or inverse distance weighted method.
To investigate the influence of rain gauges network configuration on the accuracy of rainfall spatial interpolation and hydrological modelling,we selected different distributions of six rain gauges over the study basin and compared the results of four interpolation methods for 9-year(2006-2014) daily rainfall data. Then we calculated the mean areal daily rainfall series for different network configurations and used as the inputs of Xinanjiang model to obtain the simulated runoff. The results show that: 1) evenly distributed rain gauges lead to smaller rainfall interpolation error and higher hydrological modeling efficiency; 2)when the rain gauges are evenly distributed, no significant differences among the four rainfall interpolation results are found, while when the rain gauges are unevenly distributed, such differences are obvious especially for small rain gauge density networks; and 3) for point rainfall interpolation, Kriging interpolation method in consideration of spatial autocorrelation in residuals performs better than the other methods in calculating actual daily rainfall; for mean areal rainfall,the difference between different interpolation methods is small so we suggest to adopt a simple interpolation method, such as Thiessen Polygons or inverse distance weighted method.
引文
[1] 姜红梅, 任立良, 袁飞. 降水空间不均匀性对径流过程模拟的影响[J]. 水文, 2004, 24(2):1-6.
[2] DUNCAN M R, AUSTIN B, FABRY F,et al. The Effect of Gauge Sampling Density on the Accuracy of Stream flowPrediction for Rural Catchments[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1993, 142(1/2/3/4):445-476.
[3] 郭卫国, 陈喜, 张润润. 基于降雨分布不均匀性的空间插值方法适用性研究[J]. 水力发电, 2016, 42(6):14-17.
[4] 张雪松, 郝芳华, 张建永. 降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟影响研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004, 11(1):9-12.
[5] 张继国, 谢平, 龚艳冰,等. 降雨信息空间插值研究评述与展望[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2012, 23(1):9-12.
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[7] 高歌, 龚乐冰, 赵珊珊,等. 日降水量空间插值方法研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 2007, 18(5):732-736.
[8] LY S, CHARLES C, DEGRé A.Geostatistical Interpolation of Daily Rainfall at Catchment Scale: The Use of Several Variogram Models in the Ourthe and Ambleve Catchments, Belgium[J]. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(7):2259-2274.
[9] RUELLAND D, ARDOIN-BARDIN S, BILLEN G, et al. Sensitivity of a Lumped and Semi-distributed Hydrological Model to Several Methods of Rainfall Interpolation on a Large Basin in West Africa[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 361(1):96-117.
[10] DONG Xiao-hua,DOHMEN-JANSSEN C M,BOOIJ M J. Appropriate Spatial Sampling of Rainfall or Flow Simulation/Echantillonnage Spatial de la Pluie Approprié pour la Simulation D’écoulements[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2005, 50(2):279-298.
[11] ANCTIL F, LAUZON N, ANDRASSIAN V, et al. Improvement of Rainfall-runoff Forecasts through Mean Areal Rainfall Optimization[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 328(3):717-725.
[12] XU H, XU C Y, CHEN H, et al. Assessing the Influence of Rain Gauge Density and Distribution on Hydrological Model Performance in a Humid Region of China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 505(96):1-12.
[13] THIESSEN A H.Precipitation Averages for Large Areas[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1977, 39: 1082-1084.
[14] LU G Y,WONG D W.An Adaptive Inverse-distance Weighting Spatial Interpolation Technique[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2008, 34(9): 1044-1055.
[15] 段玮, 樊风, 杨家康. 流域降水的面雨量计算与评估——以澜沧江上游流域强降水个例分析为例[J]. 环境科学前沿, 2014,(4):136-141.
[16] 华祖林,王海燕,汪靓,等.非连续河道地形插值方法的比选[J].水利水电科技进展, 2016, 36(3):16-19.
[17] 汪青静,许崇育,陈华.克里金日降水插值的不同变异函数比较分析[J].水资源研究,2016,(5):469-477.
[18] GOOVAERTS P.Geostatistical Approaches for Incorporating Elevation into the Spatial Interpolation of Rainfall[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000, 228(1/2): 113-129.
[19] ZHAO R J. The Xinanjiang Model Applied in China[J].Journal of Hydrology, 1992, 135(1/4):371-381.
[20] Lü H, HOU T, HORTON R, et al. The Stream flow Estimation Using the Xinanjiang Rainfall Runoff Model and Dual-state Parameter Estimation Method[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 480(4):102-114.
[21] LIAO S L, LI G, SUN Q Y,et al. Real-time Correction of Antecedent Precipitation for the Xinanjiang Model Using the Genetic Algorithm[J]. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 2016, 18(5):803-815.
[22] DUAN Q, SOROOSHIAN S, GUPTA V. Effective and Efficient Global Optimization for Conceptual Rainfall-runoff Models[J]. Water Resources Research, 1992, 28(4):1015-1031.
[23] World Meteorological Organization. Guide to Hydrological Practices Volume I: Hydrology-From Measurement to Hydrological Information [M].Edition 6.Geneva: WMO, 2008.
[24] 付励强, 孔石, 宗诚,等. 中国湿地保护区与湿地公园空间分布差异[J]. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(3):356-363.
[25] LEE J H, JUN H D. Influence of the Spatial Distribution of a Raingauge Network on the Estimation of Areal Average Rainfall: Focusing on Thiessen’s Weighting Method[J]. Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation,2015, 15(3):297-306.
[26] PARDO-IGZQUIZA E. Comparison of Geostatistical Methods for Estimating the Areal Average Climatological Rainfall Mean Using Data on Precipitation and Topography[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 1998, 18(9):1031-1047.
[27] BORGES P D A, FRANKE J. Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for the Estimation of Precipitation Distribution in Distrito Federal, Brazil[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2016, 123(1):335-348.
[28] 熊秋芬, 黄玫, 熊敏诠,等. 基于国家气象观测站逐日降水格点数据的交叉检验误差分析[J]. 高原气象, 2011, 30(6):1615-162.
[2] DUNCAN M R, AUSTIN B, FABRY F,et al. The Effect of Gauge Sampling Density on the Accuracy of Stream flowPrediction for Rural Catchments[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1993, 142(1/2/3/4):445-476.
[3] 郭卫国, 陈喜, 张润润. 基于降雨分布不均匀性的空间插值方法适用性研究[J]. 水力发电, 2016, 42(6):14-17.
[4] 张雪松, 郝芳华, 张建永. 降雨空间分布不均匀性对流域径流和泥沙模拟影响研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2004, 11(1):9-12.
[5] 张继国, 谢平, 龚艳冰,等. 降雨信息空间插值研究评述与展望[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2012, 23(1):9-12.
[6] DIRKS K N, HAY J E, STOW C D,et al. High-Resolution Studies of Rainfall on Norfolk Island Part Ⅱ: Interpolation of Rainfall Data[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1998, 208(3):187-193.
[7] 高歌, 龚乐冰, 赵珊珊,等. 日降水量空间插值方法研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 2007, 18(5):732-736.
[8] LY S, CHARLES C, DEGRé A.Geostatistical Interpolation of Daily Rainfall at Catchment Scale: The Use of Several Variogram Models in the Ourthe and Ambleve Catchments, Belgium[J]. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(7):2259-2274.
[9] RUELLAND D, ARDOIN-BARDIN S, BILLEN G, et al. Sensitivity of a Lumped and Semi-distributed Hydrological Model to Several Methods of Rainfall Interpolation on a Large Basin in West Africa[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 361(1):96-117.
[10] DONG Xiao-hua,DOHMEN-JANSSEN C M,BOOIJ M J. Appropriate Spatial Sampling of Rainfall or Flow Simulation/Echantillonnage Spatial de la Pluie Approprié pour la Simulation D’écoulements[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2005, 50(2):279-298.
[11] ANCTIL F, LAUZON N, ANDRASSIAN V, et al. Improvement of Rainfall-runoff Forecasts through Mean Areal Rainfall Optimization[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2006, 328(3):717-725.
[12] XU H, XU C Y, CHEN H, et al. Assessing the Influence of Rain Gauge Density and Distribution on Hydrological Model Performance in a Humid Region of China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 505(96):1-12.
[13] THIESSEN A H.Precipitation Averages for Large Areas[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1977, 39: 1082-1084.
[14] LU G Y,WONG D W.An Adaptive Inverse-distance Weighting Spatial Interpolation Technique[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2008, 34(9): 1044-1055.
[15] 段玮, 樊风, 杨家康. 流域降水的面雨量计算与评估——以澜沧江上游流域强降水个例分析为例[J]. 环境科学前沿, 2014,(4):136-141.
[16] 华祖林,王海燕,汪靓,等.非连续河道地形插值方法的比选[J].水利水电科技进展, 2016, 36(3):16-19.
[17] 汪青静,许崇育,陈华.克里金日降水插值的不同变异函数比较分析[J].水资源研究,2016,(5):469-477.
[18] GOOVAERTS P.Geostatistical Approaches for Incorporating Elevation into the Spatial Interpolation of Rainfall[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2000, 228(1/2): 113-129.
[19] ZHAO R J. The Xinanjiang Model Applied in China[J].Journal of Hydrology, 1992, 135(1/4):371-381.
[20] Lü H, HOU T, HORTON R, et al. The Stream flow Estimation Using the Xinanjiang Rainfall Runoff Model and Dual-state Parameter Estimation Method[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 480(4):102-114.
[21] LIAO S L, LI G, SUN Q Y,et al. Real-time Correction of Antecedent Precipitation for the Xinanjiang Model Using the Genetic Algorithm[J]. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 2016, 18(5):803-815.
[22] DUAN Q, SOROOSHIAN S, GUPTA V. Effective and Efficient Global Optimization for Conceptual Rainfall-runoff Models[J]. Water Resources Research, 1992, 28(4):1015-1031.
[23] World Meteorological Organization. Guide to Hydrological Practices Volume I: Hydrology-From Measurement to Hydrological Information [M].Edition 6.Geneva: WMO, 2008.
[24] 付励强, 孔石, 宗诚,等. 中国湿地保护区与湿地公园空间分布差异[J]. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(3):356-363.
[25] LEE J H, JUN H D. Influence of the Spatial Distribution of a Raingauge Network on the Estimation of Areal Average Rainfall: Focusing on Thiessen’s Weighting Method[J]. Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation,2015, 15(3):297-306.
[26] PARDO-IGZQUIZA E. Comparison of Geostatistical Methods for Estimating the Areal Average Climatological Rainfall Mean Using Data on Precipitation and Topography[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 1998, 18(9):1031-1047.
[27] BORGES P D A, FRANKE J. Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for the Estimation of Precipitation Distribution in Distrito Federal, Brazil[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2016, 123(1):335-348.
[28] 熊秋芬, 黄玫, 熊敏诠,等. 基于国家气象观测站逐日降水格点数据的交叉检验误差分析[J]. 高原气象, 2011, 30(6):1615-162.