摘要
试验旨在探讨饲粮能量和蛋白来源对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清生化指标、胴体性状以及肉质的影响。试验采用2×2因子试验设计,选取DLY育肥猪60头[平均体重(81±7.89) kg],随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复3头猪。饲粮能量来源包括玉米和小麦,饲粮蛋白来源包括豆粕和菜粕。4个处理分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、玉米-菜粕型、小麦-豆粕型、小麦-菜粕型饲粮,试验期28 d。结果表明:①4种饲粮对猪平均日采食量和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但玉米豆粕组的料重比显著低于其余3组(P<0.05)。②能量和蛋白来源显著影响养分的消化率。与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮极显著提高了粗脂肪、干物质、灰分、钙和磷的消化率以及能量的利用率(P<0.01);与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了钙、磷的消化率和能量的利用率(P<0.01),显著提高了干物质的消化率(P<0.05)。③与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了猪血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.01);与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮显著提高了猪血清总蛋白水平,显著降低了胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ水平。④玉米豆粕组的眼肌面积显著高于玉米菜粕组(P<0.05);与玉米菜粕组相比,小麦菜粕组显著降低了肌肉的蒸煮损失(P<0.05),显著提高了肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,4种饲粮对育肥猪的生长性能无显著影响,但显著影响猪养分的表观消化率,且对育肥猪胴体性状、肉质有一定的影响。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy and protein sources on growth performance, digestibility of nutrient, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty healthy crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)growing-finishing pigs [average body weight:(81±7.89) kg] were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate on the basis of their initial body weight and sex. Dietary energy sources include corn and wheat sources, and dietary protein sources include soybean meal and rapeseed meal sources. Pigs in the four treatments were fed corn-soybean meal type, corn-rapeseed meal type, wheat-soybean meal type and wheat-rapeseed meal type diets, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed: ① The four diets had no significant effects on average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI), but the ratio of feed intake to gain(F/G) was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in corn soybean meal than other groups. ② The sources of energy and protein had significant effects on pigs' nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of crude fat, dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in corn diets was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in wheat diets. The digestibility of dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in soybean wheat diets. ③ The contents of serum urea nitrogen of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly greater(P<0.01) than that in soybean meal diets. The level of serum total protein was significantly higher(P<0.05) and the concerntration serum of insulin-like growth factor-1 of pigs in corn diets was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in wheat diets. ④ The loin muscle area of pigs in corn-soybean diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. The cooking loss of the muscle of pigs was significantly decreased(P<0.05) and the intramuscular fat content of pigs was significantly increased(P<0.05) in the wheat rapeseed meal diet than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. In conclusion, the four diets had no significant effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, but the apparent digestibility of nutrients in pigs was significantly affected, and the carcass traits and meat quality of growing-fattening pigs were also affected.
引文
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