能量和蛋白来源对生长育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉质的影响
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摘要
试验旨在探讨饲粮能量和蛋白来源对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清生化指标、胴体性状以及肉质的影响。试验采用2×2因子试验设计,选取DLY育肥猪60头[平均体重(81±7.89) kg],随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复3头猪。饲粮能量来源包括玉米和小麦,饲粮蛋白来源包括豆粕和菜粕。4个处理分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型、玉米-菜粕型、小麦-豆粕型、小麦-菜粕型饲粮,试验期28 d。结果表明:①4种饲粮对猪平均日采食量和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但玉米豆粕组的料重比显著低于其余3组(P<0.05)。②能量和蛋白来源显著影响养分的消化率。与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮极显著提高了粗脂肪、干物质、灰分、钙和磷的消化率以及能量的利用率(P<0.01);与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了钙、磷的消化率和能量的利用率(P<0.01),显著提高了干物质的消化率(P<0.05)。③与豆粕饲粮相比,菜粕饲粮极显著提高了猪血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.01);与小麦饲粮相比,玉米饲粮显著提高了猪血清总蛋白水平,显著降低了胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ水平。④玉米豆粕组的眼肌面积显著高于玉米菜粕组(P<0.05);与玉米菜粕组相比,小麦菜粕组显著降低了肌肉的蒸煮损失(P<0.05),显著提高了肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,4种饲粮对育肥猪的生长性能无显著影响,但显著影响猪养分的表观消化率,且对育肥猪胴体性状、肉质有一定的影响。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy and protein sources on growth performance, digestibility of nutrient, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty healthy crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)growing-finishing pigs [average body weight:(81±7.89) kg] were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate on the basis of their initial body weight and sex. Dietary energy sources include corn and wheat sources, and dietary protein sources include soybean meal and rapeseed meal sources. Pigs in the four treatments were fed corn-soybean meal type, corn-rapeseed meal type, wheat-soybean meal type and wheat-rapeseed meal type diets, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed: ① The four diets had no significant effects on average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI), but the ratio of feed intake to gain(F/G) was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in corn soybean meal than other groups. ② The sources of energy and protein had significant effects on pigs' nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of crude fat, dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in corn diets was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in wheat diets. The digestibility of dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in soybean wheat diets. ③ The contents of serum urea nitrogen of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly greater(P<0.01) than that in soybean meal diets. The level of serum total protein was significantly higher(P<0.05) and the concerntration serum of insulin-like growth factor-1 of pigs in corn diets was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in wheat diets. ④ The loin muscle area of pigs in corn-soybean diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. The cooking loss of the muscle of pigs was significantly decreased(P<0.05) and the intramuscular fat content of pigs was significantly increased(P<0.05) in the wheat rapeseed meal diet than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. In conclusion, the four diets had no significant effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, but the apparent digestibility of nutrients in pigs was significantly affected, and the carcass traits and meat quality of growing-fattening pigs were also affected.
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy and protein sources on growth performance, digestibility of nutrient, serum biochemical parameters, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Sixty healthy crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)growing-finishing pigs [average body weight:(81±7.89) kg] were randomly assigned to four treatments with five replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate on the basis of their initial body weight and sex. Dietary energy sources include corn and wheat sources, and dietary protein sources include soybean meal and rapeseed meal sources. Pigs in the four treatments were fed corn-soybean meal type, corn-rapeseed meal type, wheat-soybean meal type and wheat-rapeseed meal type diets, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The results showed: ① The four diets had no significant effects on average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI), but the ratio of feed intake to gain(F/G) was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in corn soybean meal than other groups. ② The sources of energy and protein had significant effects on pigs' nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of crude fat, dry matter, ash, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in corn diets was significantly higher(P<0.01) than that in wheat diets. The digestibility of dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and energy of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in soybean wheat diets. ③ The contents of serum urea nitrogen of pigs in rapeseed meal diets was significantly greater(P<0.01) than that in soybean meal diets. The level of serum total protein was significantly higher(P<0.05) and the concerntration serum of insulin-like growth factor-1 of pigs in corn diets was significantly lower(P<0.05) than that in wheat diets. ④ The loin muscle area of pigs in corn-soybean diets was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. The cooking loss of the muscle of pigs was significantly decreased(P<0.05) and the intramuscular fat content of pigs was significantly increased(P<0.05) in the wheat rapeseed meal diet than that of pigs in corn rapeseed meal diet. In conclusion, the four diets had no significant effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, but the apparent digestibility of nutrients in pigs was significantly affected, and the carcass traits and meat quality of growing-fattening pigs were also affected.
引文
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[3]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].中国农业大学出版社,2003.
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[6]骆宏机.小麦替代玉米对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率及经济效益的影响[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2014,39(3):26-30.
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[8]Han Y K,Soita H W,Thacker P A.Performance and carcass composition of growing-finishing pigs fed wheat or corn-based diets[J].Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.,2005(18):704-710.
[9]王前光,刘秋,高惠林,等.不同酶制剂在生长猪小麦型日粮中应用效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(10):16-21.
[10]王利,何军,余冰,等.小麦基础饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对生长猪生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(10):1920-1927.
[11]杨俊琦,张军辉,王银钱,等.等营养水平全小麦型日粮对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].国外畜牧学-猪与禽,2013,33(12):72-74.
[12]Li,D,Qiao S Y,Yi G F,et al.Nutritive evaluation of chinese nonconcentional protein feedstuffs for finishing pig-2.Rapeseed meal[J].Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science,2000,13:46-52.
[13]凌俊.日粮蛋白源及半胱胺对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响[D].安徽农业大学,2007.
[14]Choi H B,Jeong J H,Kim D H,et al.Influence of Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Blood Profiles,Nutrient Digestibility and Economic Benefit of Growing-finishing Pigs[J].AsianAustralian Journal of Animal Science,2015,28(9):1345-1353.
[15]张勇,朱宇旌.饲粮消化能水平对生长肥育猪胴体品质的影响[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,1998(6):5-6.
[16]Bell J M,Keith M O.A survey of variation in the chemical composition of commercial canola meal produced in western Canadian crushing plants[J].Can.J.Anim.Sci.,1991,71:469-480.
[17]扈晓途.小麦替代玉米对育肥羔羊生长性能和养分消化率的影响瓶[J].中国饲料,2018,14(3):35-37.
[18]李丽娟,王安.不同蛋白质来源饲料对肉鸡生长性能和营养物质代谢率的影响[J].饲料博览·技术版,2009(12):5-9.
[19]李凯年,孟丹,孟昱.利用菜籽粕作为猪饲粮中的蛋白质来源[J].营养与饲料,2011(2):70-73.
[20]邓敦,李铁军,孔祥峰,等.日粮蛋白水平对生长猪生产性能和氮平衡的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2007,26(2):137-143.
[21]王文君,黄路生,高军.猪胰岛素样生长因子-1的研究进展[J].国外畜牧科技,2000,27(6):38-41.
[22]Buonomo F C,Baile C A.Influence of nutritional deprivation on insulin-like growth factor I,somatotropin,and metabolic hormones in swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1991,69(2):755-760.
[23]郭海燕,吴德,张明,等.营养水平对初产母猪妊娠早期胚胎存活和类胰岛素生长因子-I、胰岛素、生长激素分泌的影响[J].动物营养学报,2007,19(2):105-111.
[24]戴求仲,王康宁,胡艳,等.不同淀粉来源对生长猪氮代谢及血液部分生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(5):617-624.
[25]Xingjie Chen,Defa Li,Jingdong Yin,et al.Regulation of dietary energy level and oil source on leptin and its long form receptor mRNA expression of the adipose tissues in growing pigs[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2006,31(3):269-283.
[26]周东胜,吴德,卓勇,等.能量水平和来源对后备母猪血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(5):683-690.
[27]闻爱友,胡忠泽,郭亮,等.小麦型饲粮添加非淀粉多糖酶对肉猪生长及胴体品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2004(4):12-15.
[28]Han K,Yoon D J,Choi J H.Studies on the substitution of Canadian barley,and utility wheat for corn in the rations of growing hogs[J].J.Anim.Sci.,1975,17:123-131.
[29]欧秀琼,刘作华,钟正泽,等.以大麦作基础饲料对猪胴体及肉质的影响[J].养猪,2001(3):22-23.
[30]Brendemuhl J H,Myer R O,Johnson D D.Influence of feeding growing-finishing pigs triticale,wheat or maize based diets on resulting carcass composition and on taste and quality characteristics of pork[J].Developments in plant Breeding,1996,5:807-811.
[31]Yin Y L,Baidoo S K,Boychuk L L.Effect of Replacing Wheat or Maize with Micronized Barley on Starter,Grower and Finisher Pig Performance[J].Asian-Aust.J.Anim.Sci.,2001,14(5):668-676.
[32]Fuller M.Enhancing lean meat deposition in pig[J].Feed mix,1994,4:13-16.
[33]Flachowsky G.Efficient animal nutrition to feed tomorrow's world[J].Feed mix,1999,6:14-19.
[34]Seerley R W,Burdick D,Russom W C,et al.Sunflower meal sa a replacement for soybean meal in growing swine and rat diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1974,38:947-953.
[35]Shelton J L,Hemann M D,Strode R M,et al.Effect of different protein sources on growth and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(9):2428.
[36]Mikulski D,Jankowski J,Zdunczyk Z,et al.The effect of different dietary levels of rapeseed meal on growth performance,carcass traits,and meat quality in turkeys[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(1):215-223.
[37]Bee G,Gebert S,Messikommer R.Effect of dietary energy supply and fat source on the fatty acid pattern of adipose and lean tissues and lipogenesis in the pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(6):1564-1574.
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