矿井多波多分量地震方法与试验
|
摘要
多波多分量地震勘探近些年发展迅速,但其在矿井地震中的研究与应用仍不足。矿井全空间效应下波场复杂,在可激发出的体波、煤层槽波、巷道面波与声波等中的有效波与干扰波成分随成像波型选择而改变;同时来自空间多方向的地震波混叠,无方向性的成像难免会出现假象,影响矿井地震勘探的精度。为有效利用不同类型波进行成像,提出基于地震波偏振特性的矿井多波多分量地震方法。此方法利用三分量地震记录,通过时窗自适应的极化分析方法获取准确极化特征参数,避免了因时窗选取不准确而造成极化参数错误的问题;其在散射原理基础上构建的极化滤波函数包含偏振因子和方向因子,可随成像点空间位置及成像的波型的变化而实时更新;偏振因子利用信号的偏振系数可压制非线性干扰波,达到提取纵横波及勒夫型槽波等线性极化波的作用,提高矿井地震信号的信噪比;方向因子根据成像点空间位置与特定波型的振动方向的空间关系,不仅可分离振动方向不同的波(如纵波与横波),还能获取空间任一点的地震波信号,从而实现针对空间任一位置的多波偏移成像。现场试验表明:在岩巷中可分别进行纵波和横波的成像,两者相互验证,提高了探测准确度,同时其探测区域空间位置不受地震测线的约束,可实现测线范围外的地震探测,解决矿井地震勘探施工空间受限的问题;在煤巷中可分别进行槽波与体波的成像,解决槽波反射探测距离受限的难题,故在槽波勘探中建议采用三分量接收,理想情况下,采用煤层三分量和顶板三分量同时接收,形成槽波、体波六分量记录,作为槽波、体波联合勘探的基础数据。
Multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration has developed rapidly in recent years,while its research and application in mine seismic is still insufficient.The wave field in mine full space is complex as the components of effective wave and interference wave in the excited body wave,coal seam channel wave,tunnel sound wave and surface wave change with the selection of imaging wave type.At the same time,seismic wave aliasing from multiple directions in space inevitably leads to the false appearance of undirected imaging,which affects the accuracy of mine seismic exploration.In order to make full use of different types of waves for imaging,a multi-wave and multi-componentseismic method based on the polarization characteristics of seismic waves is proposed in this paper.This method obtains accurate polarization characteristic parameters through time-window adaptive polarization analysis methodavoiding the problem of incorrect polarization parameter caused by inaccurate selection of time window. The polarization filtering function constructed on the basis of the scattering principle includes a polarization factor and a direction factor,which can be updated in real time with the change of spatial position of the imaging point and wave type.The polarization factor can suppress the nonlinear interference wave by using the polarization coefficient of the signal so as to extract the linear polarization wave such as P-S wave and Love channel wave,and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the mine seismic signal.According to the spatial relationship between the spatial position of the imaging point and the vibration direction of the particular wave type,the direction factor can not only separate the waves with different vibration directions(such as P-wave and S-wave),but also obtain the seismic wave signals at any point in the space.Thereby,multiwave migration imaging for any position in space is realized.The result of field tests shows that the detection accuracy can be improved by carrying out P-wave and S-wave imaging respectively in rock tunnel and the two are mutually verified.Meanwhile,the spatial position of the exploration area is not constrained by the seismic line,which can realize the seismic exploration outside the range of the survey line and solve the problem of limited construction space of mine seismic exploration.By carrying out channel-wave and body-wave imaging respectively in coal roadway,the problem of limited detection distance of channel-wave reflection is solved.Therefore,three-component reception is recommended in channel-wave exploration.Ideally,six-component record of channel-wave and body-wave can be formed by adopting the three-component of the coal seam and the three-component of the roof at the same time,which can the basic data for joint exploration of channel-wave and body-wave.
Multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration has developed rapidly in recent years,while its research and application in mine seismic is still insufficient.The wave field in mine full space is complex as the components of effective wave and interference wave in the excited body wave,coal seam channel wave,tunnel sound wave and surface wave change with the selection of imaging wave type.At the same time,seismic wave aliasing from multiple directions in space inevitably leads to the false appearance of undirected imaging,which affects the accuracy of mine seismic exploration.In order to make full use of different types of waves for imaging,a multi-wave and multi-componentseismic method based on the polarization characteristics of seismic waves is proposed in this paper.This method obtains accurate polarization characteristic parameters through time-window adaptive polarization analysis methodavoiding the problem of incorrect polarization parameter caused by inaccurate selection of time window. The polarization filtering function constructed on the basis of the scattering principle includes a polarization factor and a direction factor,which can be updated in real time with the change of spatial position of the imaging point and wave type.The polarization factor can suppress the nonlinear interference wave by using the polarization coefficient of the signal so as to extract the linear polarization wave such as P-S wave and Love channel wave,and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the mine seismic signal.According to the spatial relationship between the spatial position of the imaging point and the vibration direction of the particular wave type,the direction factor can not only separate the waves with different vibration directions(such as P-wave and S-wave),but also obtain the seismic wave signals at any point in the space.Thereby,multiwave migration imaging for any position in space is realized.The result of field tests shows that the detection accuracy can be improved by carrying out P-wave and S-wave imaging respectively in rock tunnel and the two are mutually verified.Meanwhile,the spatial position of the exploration area is not constrained by the seismic line,which can realize the seismic exploration outside the range of the survey line and solve the problem of limited construction space of mine seismic exploration.By carrying out channel-wave and body-wave imaging respectively in coal roadway,the problem of limited detection distance of channel-wave reflection is solved.Therefore,three-component reception is recommended in channel-wave exploration.Ideally,six-component record of channel-wave and body-wave can be formed by adopting the three-component of the coal seam and the three-component of the roof at the same time,which can the basic data for joint exploration of channel-wave and body-wave.
引文
[1]袁亮.我国煤炭资源高效回收及节能战略研究[J].中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,20(1):3-12.YUAN Liang.Strategies of high efficiency recovery and energy saving for coal resources in China[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(Social Sciences),2018,20(1):3-12.
[2]滕吉文,乔勇虎,宋鹏汉.我国煤炭需求、探查潜力与高效利用分析[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4633-4653.TENG Jiwen,QIAO Yonghu,SONG Penghan. Analysis of exploration,potential reserves and high efficient utilization of coal in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4633-4653.
[3]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.YUAN Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.
[4]王国法,张德生.煤炭智能化综采技术创新实践与发展展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):459-467.WANG Guofa,ZHANG Desheng. Innovation practice and development prospect of intelligent fully mechanized technology for coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):459-467.
[5]刘盛东,刘静,岳建华.中国矿井物探技术发展现状和关键问题[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):19-25.LIU Shengdong,LIU Jing,YUE Jianhua.Development status and key problems of Chinese mining geophysical technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):19-25.
[6] DAVIS T L. Multicomponent seismology-The next wave[J]. Geophysics,2001,66(1):49-49.
[7]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟,等.多分量地震波波场分解研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):504-508.HU Tianyue,ZHANG Guangjuan,ZHAO Wei,et al. Decomposition of multicomponent seismic wavefileds[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):504-508.
[8]张平松,吴健生.中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1033-1038.ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiansheng. Research and analysis of forward prediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunnel and laneway in China[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(10):1033-1038.
[9]沈鸿雁.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前预报研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.SHENG Hongyan.Study on reflected-wave tunnel seismic prediction[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2006.
[10]杨思通,程久龙.煤巷地震超前探测数值模拟及波场特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1633-1637.YANG Sitong,CHENG Jiulong.Numerical simulation of fore detecting with seismic in coal roadway and study of wave field characteristics[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(10):1633-1637.
[11]杨真,冯涛,WANG Shugang.0.9m薄煤层SH型槽波频散特征及波形模式[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):442-449.YANG Zhen,FENG Tao,WANG Shugang. Dispersion characteristics and wave shape mode of SH channel wave in a 0.9 m-thin coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):442-449.
[12]姬广忠,程建远,朱培民,等.煤矿井下槽波三维数值模拟及频散分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(2):645-654.JI Guangzhong,CHENG Jianyuan,ZHU Peimin,et al.3-D numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of in-seam wave in underground coal mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(2):645-654.
[13]冯磊,张玉贵,张豪,等.构造煤槽波地震探测可行性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):1027-1034.FENG Lei,ZHANG Yugui,ZHANG Hao,et al. Feasibility of inseam seismic predictionin the deformed coal[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):1027-1034.
[14]王勃.矿井地震全空间极化偏移成像技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Bo. Study on whole space polarization migration imaging technology of mine seismic exploration[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[15]裴正林.三维双相各向异性介质弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):16-20.PEI Zhenglin.A staggered-grid high-order finite difference method for modeling elastic wave equation in 3-D dual-phase anisotropic media[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(2),16-20.
[16] DIALLO M,KULESH M,HOLSCHNEIDER M,et al.Instantaneous polarization attributes based on adaptive covariance method[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):V99.
[17]陈赟,张中杰,田小波.基于加窗Hilbert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889-895.CHEN Yun,ZHANG Zhongjie,TIAN Xiaobo. Complex polarization analysis based on windowed Hilbert transform and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4):889-895.
[2]滕吉文,乔勇虎,宋鹏汉.我国煤炭需求、探查潜力与高效利用分析[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(12):4633-4653.TENG Jiwen,QIAO Yonghu,SONG Penghan. Analysis of exploration,potential reserves and high efficient utilization of coal in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(12):4633-4653.
[3]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.YUAN Liang.Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.
[4]王国法,张德生.煤炭智能化综采技术创新实践与发展展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(3):459-467.WANG Guofa,ZHANG Desheng. Innovation practice and development prospect of intelligent fully mechanized technology for coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2018,47(3):459-467.
[5]刘盛东,刘静,岳建华.中国矿井物探技术发展现状和关键问题[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(1):19-25.LIU Shengdong,LIU Jing,YUE Jianhua.Development status and key problems of Chinese mining geophysical technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(1):19-25.
[6] DAVIS T L. Multicomponent seismology-The next wave[J]. Geophysics,2001,66(1):49-49.
[7]胡天跃,张广娟,赵伟,等.多分量地震波波场分解研究[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):504-508.HU Tianyue,ZHANG Guangjuan,ZHAO Wei,et al. Decomposition of multicomponent seismic wavefileds[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(3):504-508.
[8]张平松,吴健生.中国隧道及井巷地震波法超前探测技术研究分析[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(10):1033-1038.ZHANG Pingsong,WU Jiansheng. Research and analysis of forward prediction technology using seismic reflection wave in tunnel and laneway in China[J].Progress in Geophysics,2006,21(10):1033-1038.
[9]沈鸿雁.反射波法隧道、井巷地震超前预报研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.SHENG Hongyan.Study on reflected-wave tunnel seismic prediction[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2006.
[10]杨思通,程久龙.煤巷地震超前探测数值模拟及波场特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(10):1633-1637.YANG Sitong,CHENG Jiulong.Numerical simulation of fore detecting with seismic in coal roadway and study of wave field characteristics[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(10):1633-1637.
[11]杨真,冯涛,WANG Shugang.0.9m薄煤层SH型槽波频散特征及波形模式[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(2):442-449.YANG Zhen,FENG Tao,WANG Shugang. Dispersion characteristics and wave shape mode of SH channel wave in a 0.9 m-thin coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(2):442-449.
[12]姬广忠,程建远,朱培民,等.煤矿井下槽波三维数值模拟及频散分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(2):645-654.JI Guangzhong,CHENG Jianyuan,ZHU Peimin,et al.3-D numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of in-seam wave in underground coal mine[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(2):645-654.
[13]冯磊,张玉贵,张豪,等.构造煤槽波地震探测可行性分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(5):1027-1034.FENG Lei,ZHANG Yugui,ZHANG Hao,et al. Feasibility of inseam seismic predictionin the deformed coal[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2017,34(5):1027-1034.
[14]王勃.矿井地震全空间极化偏移成像技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Bo. Study on whole space polarization migration imaging technology of mine seismic exploration[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[15]裴正林.三维双相各向异性介质弹性波方程交错网格高阶有限差分法模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(2):16-20.PEI Zhenglin.A staggered-grid high-order finite difference method for modeling elastic wave equation in 3-D dual-phase anisotropic media[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(2),16-20.
[16] DIALLO M,KULESH M,HOLSCHNEIDER M,et al.Instantaneous polarization attributes based on adaptive covariance method[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):V99.
[17]陈赟,张中杰,田小波.基于加窗Hilbert变换的复偏振分析方法及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):889-895.CHEN Yun,ZHANG Zhongjie,TIAN Xiaobo. Complex polarization analysis based on windowed Hilbert transform and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(4):889-895.