济南地区大气可降水量三种观测反演资料的对比分析
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摘要
大气可降水量在研究大气辐射和吸收,以及全球的热量输送,尤其是暴雨的预报预测等方面都发挥着重要作用。应用2015年章丘站GPS/MET、微波辐射计和L波段探空3种设备反演的大气可降水量数据,比较了三者之间的偏差特征。结果表明:GPS/MET、微波辐射计和L波段探空3种设备反演的大气可降水量变化趋势一致,但也存在明显的系统偏差,量值从大到小分别是GPS/MET、微波辐射计、L波段探空。三者之间的偏差在春夏秋冬四季的差值都较为稳定;GPS/MET比微波辐射计偏大4.5 mm左右,不会因为季节的改变而明显地增大或减小。但标准差最大是夏季,其次是秋季,冬季最小。由于12:00 UTC水汽含量大于00:00 UTC,造成3种探测手段反演的大气可降水量在12:00 UTC的标准差几乎总是大于00:00 UTC,而相对偏差小于等于00:00 UTC。
Precipitable water vapor is one of the key factors in study of atmospheric radiation transfer and absorption,global wide heat transfer,and prediction of heavy rainfall. Using precipitable water vapor data in 2015 retrieved by GPS/MET,microwave radiometer and L-band sounding respectively at Zhangqiu Station,the characteristics of the 3 kinds of datasets are studied. The results show that the variation trends of the 3 kinds of datasets are similar,but with significant systematic deviations. The mean values of precipitable water vapor from big to small are retrieved by GPS/MET,microwave radiometer and L-band sounding respectively. The mean deviations among the three kinds of datasets have little changes in different seasons,while the mean deviation of dataset retrieved by GPS/MET from dataset retrieved by microwave radiometer is about 4.5 mm. However,there are significant seasonal changes in the spread of deviation,which reaches its largest value in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter. Since atmospheric water vapor content at 12: 00 UTC is greater than that at 00: 00 UTC,the spread of deviationof precipitable water vapor is always larger at 12: 00 UTC than that at 00: 00 UTC,and the relative error at 12: 00 UTC is always less than or equal to that at 00: 00 UTC.
Precipitable water vapor is one of the key factors in study of atmospheric radiation transfer and absorption,global wide heat transfer,and prediction of heavy rainfall. Using precipitable water vapor data in 2015 retrieved by GPS/MET,microwave radiometer and L-band sounding respectively at Zhangqiu Station,the characteristics of the 3 kinds of datasets are studied. The results show that the variation trends of the 3 kinds of datasets are similar,but with significant systematic deviations. The mean values of precipitable water vapor from big to small are retrieved by GPS/MET,microwave radiometer and L-band sounding respectively. The mean deviations among the three kinds of datasets have little changes in different seasons,while the mean deviation of dataset retrieved by GPS/MET from dataset retrieved by microwave radiometer is about 4.5 mm. However,there are significant seasonal changes in the spread of deviation,which reaches its largest value in summer,followed by autumn,spring and winter. Since atmospheric water vapor content at 12: 00 UTC is greater than that at 00: 00 UTC,the spread of deviationof precipitable water vapor is always larger at 12: 00 UTC than that at 00: 00 UTC,and the relative error at 12: 00 UTC is always less than or equal to that at 00: 00 UTC.
引文
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[21]唐南军,刘艳,李刚,等.中低空探空相对湿度观测数据的新问题——基于中国L波段探空系统湿度观测异常偏干现象的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(4):643-653.
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[24]王晓英,戴仔强,曹云昌,等.中国地区地基GPS加权平均温度Tm统计分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(4):412-416.
[25]曲建光,吴壮.从GPS推算大气水汽的误差分析[J].测绘工程,2001,10(4):24-26.
[26]张文刚,徐桂荣,颜国跑,等.微波辐射计与探空仪测值对比分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(5):737-741.
[2]袁招洪.GPS资料在中尺度数值预报模式中的应用研究[D].南京:南京气象学院,2004.
[3]马新平,尚可政,李佳耘,等.1981—2010年中国西北地区东部大气可降水量的时空变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):448-455.
[4]杨景梅,邱金桓.用地面湿度参量计算我国整层大气可降水量及有效水汽含量方法的研究[J].大气科学,2002,26(1):9-22.
[5]王维佳,陈碧辉.四川上空大气可降水量时空分布特征[J].高原山地气象研究,2010,30(3):52-57.
[6]向玉春,陈正洪,徐桂荣,等.三种大气可降水量推算方法结果的比较分析[J].气象,2009,35(11):48-54.
[7]胡姮,李伟,曹云昌.地基GPS与常规探空所测可降水量的对比分析[J].气象水文海洋仪器,2013,30(1):45-48.
[8]徐桂荣,孙振添,李武阶,等.地基微波辐射计与GPS无线电探空和GPS/MET的观测对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010,29(4):315-321.
[9]卢会国,李国平,蒋娟萍.阳江国际探空试验的GPS、探空、微波辐射计水汽资料对比分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(1):159-163.
[10]李伟,李峰,赵志强,等.L波段气象探测系统建设技术评估报告[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[11]蔡淼,欧建军,周毓荃,等.L波段探空判别云区方法的研究[J].大气科学,2014,38(2):213-222.
[12]吴蕾,陈洪滨,康雪.风廓线雷达与L波段雷达探空测风对比分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(2):225-230.
[13]定金才.GPS气象学及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[14]刘旭春,王艳秋,张正禄.利用GPS技术遥感哈尔滨地区大气可降水量的分析[J].测绘通报,2006(4):10-12.
[15]李国平.地基GPS遥感大气可降水量及其在气象中的应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[16]王亚辉.地基GPS技术反演大气可降水量的研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2012.
[17]张秋晨,龚佃利,冯俊杰.RPG-HATPRO-G3地基微波辐射计反演产品评估[J].海洋气象学报,2017,37(1):104-110.
[18]陈英英,杨凡,徐桂荣,等.基于雨雪天气背景的微波辐射计斜路径与天顶观测的反演结果对比分析[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(4):375-383.
[19]曹云昌,陈永奇,李炳华,等.利用地基GPS测量大气水汽廓线的方法[J].气象科技,2006,34(3):241-245.
[20]宋淑丽.地基GPS网对水汽三维分布的监测及其在气象学中的应用[D].上海:中国科学院研究生院(上海天文台),2004.
[21]唐南军,刘艳,李刚,等.中低空探空相对湿度观测数据的新问题——基于中国L波段探空系统湿度观测异常偏干现象的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(4):643-653.
[22]Miloshevich L M,Vomel H,Whiteman D N,et al.Accuracy assessment and correction of Vaisala RS92 radiosonde water vapor measurements[J].J Geophys Res,2009,114(D11):1013-1033.
[23]Wang J,Carlson D J,Parsons D B,et al.Performance of operational radiosonde humidity sensors in direct comparison with a chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer and its climate implication[J].Geophys Res Lett,2003,30(16):11(1)-11(4).
[24]王晓英,戴仔强,曹云昌,等.中国地区地基GPS加权平均温度Tm统计分析[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2011,36(4):412-416.
[25]曲建光,吴壮.从GPS推算大气水汽的误差分析[J].测绘工程,2001,10(4):24-26.
[26]张文刚,徐桂荣,颜国跑,等.微波辐射计与探空仪测值对比分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(5):737-741.