法定职责外行政协议的适法性
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摘要
新《行政诉讼法》将行政协议纳入到行政诉讼受案范围,使行政协议的理论研究和审判实践上升到一个新的高度,但司法解释将行政协议的范畴限定在"法定职责范围内",未将行政机关超越法定职权签订的协议纳入行政协议的范围。本文认为,协议的依据不应限于正式法源,应包括公共政策等非正式法源,协议应为实现行政管理目的而签订。因此,有必要通过立法及最高人民法院判例的方式,逐步实现法定职责外行政协议的类型化和法定化,从而在实现政府行政管理协商共治的同时,提高相对人对行政行为的合理预期。
The new Administrative Procedure Law brings the administrative agreement into the scope of accepting cases in administrative litigation,which makes the theoretical research and trial practice of the administrative agreement rise to a new height.However,the judicial interpretation limits the scope of the administrative agreement within the scope of"statutory responsibilities",and does not include the agreement signed by the administrative organ beyond the statutory authority into the administrative agreement range.This paper holds that the basis of the agreement should not be limited to formal sources of law,but should include informal sources of law such as public policy.The agreement should be signed for the purpose of administrative management.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually realize the typification and legalization of administrative agreements beyond statutory responsibilities through legislation and the Supreme People's Court precedents,so as to improve the reasonable expectations of the counterparts for administrative acts while realizing the Co-governance of government administration through consultation.
The new Administrative Procedure Law brings the administrative agreement into the scope of accepting cases in administrative litigation,which makes the theoretical research and trial practice of the administrative agreement rise to a new height.However,the judicial interpretation limits the scope of the administrative agreement within the scope of"statutory responsibilities",and does not include the agreement signed by the administrative organ beyond the statutory authority into the administrative agreement range.This paper holds that the basis of the agreement should not be limited to formal sources of law,but should include informal sources of law such as public policy.The agreement should be signed for the purpose of administrative management.Therefore,it is necessary to gradually realize the typification and legalization of administrative agreements beyond statutory responsibilities through legislation and the Supreme People's Court precedents,so as to improve the reasonable expectations of the counterparts for administrative acts while realizing the Co-governance of government administration through consultation.
引文
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[2]最高人民法院(2016)最高法行申45号行政裁定[Z].
[3]马怀德.全面推进依法行政的法律问题研究[M].中国法制出版社,2014.111.
[4]姜明安.行政程序研究[M].北京大学出版社,2006.286.
[5](英)迈克·希尔,(荷)彼特·休普.执行公共政策[M].黄健荣等译.商务印书馆,2011.38,56.
[6]郭修江.行政协议案件审理规则——对行政诉讼法及其适用解释关于行政协议案件规定的理解[J].法律适用,2016,(12):45.
[7]江必新,梁凤云.新行政诉讼法司法解释理解与适用[M].中国法制出版社,2015.108-111.
[8]翁岳生.行政法[M].中国法制出版社,2009.752-754.
[9]江苏省南通市中级人民法院(2017)苏06行初72号行政判决[Z].
[10]江必新.行政协议的司法审查[J].人民司法(应用),2016,(34):11.
[11](日)南博方.日本行政法[M].杨建顺,周作彩译.中国人民大学出版社,1988.65.
[12]周汉华.行政法学的新发展[M].中国社会科学出版社,2013.106.
[13](德)菲利普·黑克.利益法学[M].傅广宇译.商务印书馆,2016.29.
[14]江苏省南通市中级人民法院(2016)苏06行初148号行政判决[Z].
[15]胡宝岭.行政合同争议司法审查研究[M].中国政法大学出版社,2015.63.
[16]余凌云.行政法案例分析和研究方法[M].中华人民大学出版社,2008.235.