播期对辽南地区耐盐碱水稻生长发育及产量的影响
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摘要
为了研究播期对辽南地区水稻(Oryza sative L.)生长发育及产量的影响,以该地主栽耐盐碱水稻品种盐丰47为试验材料,设置4个不同播期,分别为4月5日(S1)、4月15日(CK)、4月25日(S2)和5月5日(S3),分析不同播期对辽南地区耐盐碱水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,播期提前引起水稻全生育期延长,播期推迟引起水稻全生育期缩短;播期提前和推迟均导致盐丰47株高在营养生长期(三叶期至拔节期)高于CK,生殖生长期(乳熟期)低于CK;提前和推迟播种盐丰47水稻叶面积在分蘖期至抽穗期总体大于CK,乳熟期后低于CK;提前和推迟播种水稻地上部干物重分蘖期至拔节期均高于CK,抽穗期均低于CK。4个播期中CK理论产量最高,S2每穗粒数、每穗实粒数最高;提前播种水稻每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和理论产量均低于CK,推迟播种水稻千粒重和理论产量均低于CK。辽南地区耐盐碱水稻的适宜播期为4月15—25日,可以在影响水稻生长发育生物量及产量指标的关键时期采取适当措施增加株高、叶面积、地上部干物重,以实现后期的高产。
In order to study the effect of sowing date on rice(Oryza sative L.) in southern Liaoning province, the saline-alkaline tolerant rice variety Yanfeng 47 was used as the experimental material, setting 4 different sowing dates, which was on April 5(S1), April15(CK), April25(S2), and May 5(S3), to analyze the effects of sowing date on the growth, development and yield of salt-tolerant rice. The results showed that the early sowing led to prolong the entire growth period of rice,delayed sowing date caused a decrease in the total days of rice growth. Both the advance and postponement of the sowing date resulted in higher plant heights in the vegetative growth stage(three-leaf stage to jointing stage) of the rice in the Yanfeng 47 than in the CK, and the plant height in the reproductive growth stage(milk-ripe stage) was lower than that in the CK. Leaf area of Yanfeng 47 under the early and delayed sowing situation was larger than that of CK during the tillering stage to the heading stage, and was lower than CK after the ripening stage. The above-ground dry matter under the early and delayed sowing situation was higher than CK during the tillering stage to the jointing stage, and was lower than that of CK at heading stage. The highest theoretical yield was CK in 4 sowing dates; the highest grain number and grain number of spikes was S2. The number of grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and theoretical yield under the early sowing date was lower than those of CK. The 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield under the delayed sowing date was lower than CK.The suitable sowing date for salt-tolerant rice in southern Liaoning province is April 15 to 25,and it is possible to take appropriate measures to increase the plant height, leaf area, and dry matter weight in the shoot during the critical period that affects the growth and development of rice biomass and yield indicators so as to achieve high yield in the later period.
In order to study the effect of sowing date on rice(Oryza sative L.) in southern Liaoning province, the saline-alkaline tolerant rice variety Yanfeng 47 was used as the experimental material, setting 4 different sowing dates, which was on April 5(S1), April15(CK), April25(S2), and May 5(S3), to analyze the effects of sowing date on the growth, development and yield of salt-tolerant rice. The results showed that the early sowing led to prolong the entire growth period of rice,delayed sowing date caused a decrease in the total days of rice growth. Both the advance and postponement of the sowing date resulted in higher plant heights in the vegetative growth stage(three-leaf stage to jointing stage) of the rice in the Yanfeng 47 than in the CK, and the plant height in the reproductive growth stage(milk-ripe stage) was lower than that in the CK. Leaf area of Yanfeng 47 under the early and delayed sowing situation was larger than that of CK during the tillering stage to the heading stage, and was lower than CK after the ripening stage. The above-ground dry matter under the early and delayed sowing situation was higher than CK during the tillering stage to the jointing stage, and was lower than that of CK at heading stage. The highest theoretical yield was CK in 4 sowing dates; the highest grain number and grain number of spikes was S2. The number of grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and theoretical yield under the early sowing date was lower than those of CK. The 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield under the delayed sowing date was lower than CK.The suitable sowing date for salt-tolerant rice in southern Liaoning province is April 15 to 25,and it is possible to take appropriate measures to increase the plant height, leaf area, and dry matter weight in the shoot during the critical period that affects the growth and development of rice biomass and yield indicators so as to achieve high yield in the later period.
引文
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[11]郑根龙,葛翔,方守地,等.杂交早稻不同播种期对生育期影响初报[J].杂交水稻,1998,13(增刊):56-57.
[12]李建国,韩勇,解文孝,等.播期及环境因子对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(8):3160-3162.
[13]夏维陆.双晚两系粳杂“70优04”播期试验初探[J].安徽农业科学,1999,27(1):22-26.
[14]谢正荣,郭秧全,沈小妹,等.太湖农区水稻不同类型品种及播期对生育期与实产的影响初探[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):28-32.
[15]赵新华,段祥茂,徐宗进,等.播期对不同类型粳稻品种产量构成因素的影响[J].甘肃科学学报,2001,13(4):51-54.
[16]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(24):6-13.
[17]陈雨生,王平,王克响,等.我国海水稻产业发展的战略选择[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):50-54.
[18]孙滨,付立东,任永泉.盘锦滨海盐碱地粳稻栽培发展概况[J].北方水稻,2012(6):75-77.
[19]陈秉发,陈建民.高产水稻品种株型特征和光合特性的初步研究[J].福建农业学报,200,15(2):13-18.
[2]韩翠华,郝志新,郑景云.1951—2010年中国气温变化分区及其区域特征[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(6):887-896.
[3]王春乙,李玉中,舒立福,等.重大农业气象灾害研究进展[M].北京:气象出版社,2007.30-35.
[4]谢立勇,李悦,徐秀玉,等.气候变化对农业生产影响与适应[J].第六届海峡论坛·2014年两岸民生气象论坛文集[C].福州:福建省气象科学研究所,2014.145-149.
[5] LI Z,PINSON S R M,PARK W D,et al. Epistasis for three grain yield components in rice(Oryza satviva L.)[J].Genetics,1997,145:453-465.
[6]曹立勇,占小登,庄杰云,等.水稻产量性状的QTL定位与上位性分析[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1241-1247.
[7]杨东,娄珍妹,游晴如,等.超级稻“II优航1号”株型特征和产量形成研究[J].福建农业科技,2008(1):29-32.
[8]杨文钰,屠乃美.作物栽培学各论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.43-46.
[9] MIRZA H,KAMRUN N,RATNA R M. Effect of low temperature stress intransplanted aman rice varieties mediated by different transplanting dates[J].Academic journal of plant sciences,2009,2(3):132-138.
[10]陈金龙,陆凤珍,周纪平,等.不同播期同期移栽对常优1号粳稻生长发育的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2003(5):29-30.
[11]郑根龙,葛翔,方守地,等.杂交早稻不同播种期对生育期影响初报[J].杂交水稻,1998,13(增刊):56-57.
[12]李建国,韩勇,解文孝,等.播期及环境因子对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(8):3160-3162.
[13]夏维陆.双晚两系粳杂“70优04”播期试验初探[J].安徽农业科学,1999,27(1):22-26.
[14]谢正荣,郭秧全,沈小妹,等.太湖农区水稻不同类型品种及播期对生育期与实产的影响初探[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(1):28-32.
[15]赵新华,段祥茂,徐宗进,等.播期对不同类型粳稻品种产量构成因素的影响[J].甘肃科学学报,2001,13(4):51-54.
[16]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.基于分期播种的水稻生长动态及产量对热量条件的响应[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(24):6-13.
[17]陈雨生,王平,王克响,等.我国海水稻产业发展的战略选择[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):50-54.
[18]孙滨,付立东,任永泉.盘锦滨海盐碱地粳稻栽培发展概况[J].北方水稻,2012(6):75-77.
[19]陈秉发,陈建民.高产水稻品种株型特征和光合特性的初步研究[J].福建农业学报,200,15(2):13-18.