湖北省重点行业企业周边土壤重金属污染现状及潜在生态危害评价
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摘要
对湖北省内5类重点行业的25家规模化企业周边土壤中的Hg、As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd等重金属含量进行监测,采用内梅罗污染指数评价法和Hakanson生态危害指数对监测结果进行评价。结果表明:湖北省内5类重点行业企业周边清洁土壤的监测点位占50.0%~87.5%,有37.5%~81.5%的监测点位存在轻微的潜在生态危害风险。矿产采选与冶炼、化学原料与化学品制造两类行业企业周边土壤中Cd、As等重金属含量水平较高,Cd的最大含量分别为10.3、4.5mg/kg,As的最大含量分别为114.0、766.0mg/kg。两类企业周边土壤中度污染的监测点位分别占3.6%和5.6%,重度污染监测点位分别占7.1%和5.6%;两类行业企业周边有7.1%和2.9%的监测点位土壤中重金属存在很强至极强的潜在生态危害风险。
The content of Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb and Cd in the soil of twenty-five large-scale enterprises in five key industries in Hubei Province was determined.The Nemerow pollution index and Hakanson ecological risk index evaluation methods are applied to evaluate the determination results of eight heavy metals in the soil.The results showed that the proportion of monitoring sites in the soil around the five key industries that are not polluted by heavy metal was less than 50.0%-87.5%,and the proportion of monitoring sites with slight potential risks of heavy metals was 37.5%-81.5%.In the two enterprisesmineral mining and smelting as well as chemical raw material and chemical manufacturing,the maximum concentration of Cd is 10.3 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg respectively,and As is 114.0 mg/kg and 766.0 mg/kg respectively.The soil is contaminated by heavy metals with a moderate contamination of 3.6%and 5.6%,a severe contamination of 7.1%and 5.6%respectively.7.1%and 2.9% of the monitoring soil around the two enterprises are facing seriously potential ecological risks of heavy metals.
The content of Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb and Cd in the soil of twenty-five large-scale enterprises in five key industries in Hubei Province was determined.The Nemerow pollution index and Hakanson ecological risk index evaluation methods are applied to evaluate the determination results of eight heavy metals in the soil.The results showed that the proportion of monitoring sites in the soil around the five key industries that are not polluted by heavy metal was less than 50.0%-87.5%,and the proportion of monitoring sites with slight potential risks of heavy metals was 37.5%-81.5%.In the two enterprisesmineral mining and smelting as well as chemical raw material and chemical manufacturing,the maximum concentration of Cd is 10.3 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg respectively,and As is 114.0 mg/kg and 766.0 mg/kg respectively.The soil is contaminated by heavy metals with a moderate contamination of 3.6%and 5.6%,a severe contamination of 7.1%and 5.6%respectively.7.1%and 2.9% of the monitoring soil around the two enterprises are facing seriously potential ecological risks of heavy metals.
引文
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[2]PRUVOT C,DOUAY F,HERVE F,et al.Heavy metals in soil,crops and grass as a source of human exposure in the former mining areas[J].Journal of soils sediments,2006,6(4):215-220.
[3]RODRIGUEZ L,RUIZ E,ALONSO-AZCARATE J,et al.Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain[J].Journal of environmental management,2009,90(2):1106-1116.
[4]LI X,THORNTON I.Chemical partitioning of trace and major elements in soils contaminated by mining and smelting activities[J].Applied geochemistry,2001,16(15):1693-1706.
[5]戴彬,吕建树,战金成,等.山东省典型工业城市土壤重金属来源、空间分布及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):507-515.
[6]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquaic pollution control:a sedimentological approach[J].Water research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[7]王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较[J].环境科学,2015,34(2):225-233.
[8]余璇,宋柳霆,滕彦国.湖南省某铅锌矿土壤重金属污染分析与风险评价[J].华中农业大学学报,2016,35(5):27-32.
[9]陈怀满.环境土壤学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:522-523.
[10]MULLER G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].Geochemical journal,1969,2:108-118.
[11]徐争启,倪师军,张成江.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[12]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-381.
[13]KIM J Y,KIM K W,AHN J S,et al.Investigation and risk assessment modeling of as and other heavy metals contamination around five abandoned metal mines in Korea[J].Environmental geochemistry and health,2005,27(2):193-203.
[14]丁园,钟桂芳,刘燕红,等.南昌地区不同企业周边重金属分布及影响规律[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1783-1787.
[15]LIAO G L,LIAO D X,LI Q M.Heavy metals contamination characteristics in soil of different mining activity zones[J].Transactions of nonferrous metals Society of China,2008,18(1):207-211.
[16]凌其聪,严森,鲍征宇.大型冶炼厂重金属环境污染特征及其生态效应[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(5):603-608.
[17]赵秀峰,王强盛,石宁宁,等.石化园区周边农田土壤重金属污染分析与评价[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(1):133-141.
[18]张溪,周爱国,甘义群,等.金属矿山土壤重金属污染生物修复研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,30(3):106-112.
[19]雷国建,刘千钧,陈志良,等.不同行业污染土壤重金属污染特征比较研究[J].土壤,2013,45(6):1023-1027.
[20]黄璜,南忠仁,胡小娜,等.金昌市城区土壤重金属空间分布及潜在生态危害评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2009,21(5):30-34.