金宝山铂族矿物氧压浸出-浮选联合工艺（英文）
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摘要
为了生产适合冶炼的铂族精矿,提出一种氧压浸出-浮选联合工艺处理金宝山铂族矿物。结果表明:氧压浸出条件(矿物粒度、搅拌速度、液固比以及木质素磺酸钙用量)对浸出过程中贱金属(铜、铁和镍)浸出率以及浮选工艺中铂族金属(铂和钯)的回收率产生明显影响。浸出过程中贱金属硫化矿物的完全溶解导致铂族金属浮选降低了浮选载体的数量,降低浮选过程中铂族金属回收率。综合考虑贱金属浸出率和铂族金属回收率,确立如下最佳工艺条件:精矿粒度-0.043 mm占有率为73%,搅拌速度为400 r/min,液固比为10 mL/g,木质磺酸钙用量为0.6 g。最佳工艺条件下,铜、镍和铁的浸出率分别为87.6%、87.6%和90.3%。采用浮选工艺处理浸出渣获得浮选精矿铂族金属品位为420 g/t。
An oxygen pressure leaching-flotation joint process was proposed to treat Jinbaoshan platinum group minerals to produce a desired concentrate. The result demonstrates that leaching parameters which include particle size, stirring speed, liquid-solid ratio, and the dosage of calcium lignosulfonate, simultaneously affect the leaching rates of base metals and the recovery of platinum group metals(PGMs). The complete dissolution of base metals sulfides leads to a reduction in the amount of flotation carrier for enriching PGMs, decreasing the recovery of PGMs. The optimum leaching conditions are determined as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL/g, 73% occupancy of ore particle size below 0.043 mm, stirring speed of 400 r/min, and 0.6 g dosage of calcium lignosulfonate. Under optimal conditions, the leaching rates of Cu, Ni and Fe are 87.6%, 87.6% and 90.3%, respectively. The grade of PGMs enriched in the flotation concentrate is 420 g/t through the flotation technology.
An oxygen pressure leaching-flotation joint process was proposed to treat Jinbaoshan platinum group minerals to produce a desired concentrate. The result demonstrates that leaching parameters which include particle size, stirring speed, liquid-solid ratio, and the dosage of calcium lignosulfonate, simultaneously affect the leaching rates of base metals and the recovery of platinum group metals(PGMs). The complete dissolution of base metals sulfides leads to a reduction in the amount of flotation carrier for enriching PGMs, decreasing the recovery of PGMs. The optimum leaching conditions are determined as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 10 mL/g, 73% occupancy of ore particle size below 0.043 mm, stirring speed of 400 r/min, and 0.6 g dosage of calcium lignosulfonate. Under optimal conditions, the leaching rates of Cu, Ni and Fe are 87.6%, 87.6% and 90.3%, respectively. The grade of PGMs enriched in the flotation concentrate is 420 g/t through the flotation technology.
引文
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[17]LU Yi-guan,ZHAO Kai,XIONG Yi-qu,LI Po,DU Da-yang,YUAN Ming-wei.Elements geochemistry of Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit western Yunnan,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(9):2681-2694.
[18]LU Yi-guan,YANG Li-qiang,ZHAO Kai,XIONG Yi-qu,LI Po,Du Da-yang,YUAN Ming-wei.Origin of the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit,western Yunnan:Implications for the relationship of crustal contamination and mineralization[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(s2):302-303.
[19]TAO Yan,ZHU Dan,GAO Zhen-min,LUO Tai-yi,YAO Lin-bo,ZHANG Huan.An additional study on the Pd-occurrence states in the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2007,27(16):262-264.
[20]SONG Huan-bin,HE Ming-qin,ZHANG Shang-zhong,YI Feng-hua.Chemical composition of the ore and occurrence state of the elements in Jinbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit[J].Acta Geochimica,2008,27(1):104-108.
[21]LIU Shi-jie,YANG Mao-cai,WANG Yun-hua,ZHANG Guan-lu,LU Yue-hua,WANG Yong-lu,WU Xiao-feng.A new process engineering for comprehensive exploitation of the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd ore resources,Yunnan Province,China[J].Precious Metals,2012,33(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[22]LIU Zhi-qiang,WANG Wu,CAO Hong-yang,ZHOU Xiang-qian,ZHANG Kui-fang,QIU Xian-yang.Oxygen pressure leaching of low-grade Pt-Pd concentrate[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(1):223-232.(in Chinese)
[23]MU Wang-zhong,ZHANG Ting-an,LIU Yan,GU Yan,DOUZhi-he,LV Guo-zhi,BAO Li,ZHANG Wei-guang.E-p H diagram of ZnS-H2O system during high pressure leaching of zinc sulfide[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(10):2012-2019.
[24]PADILLA R,VEGA D,RUIZ M C.Pressure leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid-oxygen media[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,86(1):80-88.
[25]CHEN Jing,HUANG Kun,CHEN Yi-ran.Several techniques for handling flotation sulfide concentrates of Jinbaoshan platinum mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2006,30(3):401-406.(in Chinese)
[2]MUDD B G M.Sustainability reporting and the platinum group metals:A global mining industry leader?[J].Platinum Metals Review,2012,56(1):2-19.
[3]MUDD G M.Key trends in the resource sustainability of platinum group elements[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2012,46(2):106-117.
[4]MWASE J M,PETERSEN J,EKSTEEN J J.A conceptual flowsheet for heap leaching of platinum group metals(PGMs)from a low-grade ore concentrate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2011,111(1):129-135.
[5]HUANG Kun,CHEN Jing,CHEN Yi-ran,ZHAO Jia-chung,LIQi-wei,YANG Qiu-xue,ZHANG Yong.Enrichment of platinum group metals(PGMs)by two-stage selective pressure leaching cementation from low-grade Pt-Pd sulfide concentrates[J].Metallurgical&Materials Transactions B,2006,37(5):697-701.
[6]MWASE J M,PETERSEN J,EKSTTEN J J.A conceptual flowsheet for heap leaching of platinum group metals(PGMs)from a low-grade ore concentrate[J].Hydrometallurgy,2012,111-112:129-135.
[7]MPINGA C N,EKSTTEN J J,ALDRICH C,DYER L.Atmospheric leach process of high-chromitite PGM-bearing oxidized mineralized ore through a single-stage and two-stage techniques[J].Minerals Engineering,2018,125:165-175.
[8]KIM B S,LEE J C,JEONG J K.Current status on the pyrometallurgical process for recovering precious and valuable metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment(WEEE)scrap[J].Tempo,2009,57:74-75.
[9]NOGUERIA C A,PAIVA A P,OLIVERIA P C,COSTA M C,COSTA A.Oxidative leaching process with cupric ion in hydrochloric acid media for recovery of Pd and Rh from spent catalytic converters[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,278:82-90.
[10]JHA M K,LEE J C,KIM M S,JEONG J K,KIM B S,KUMAR V.Hydrometallurgical recovery/recycling of platinum by the leaching of spent catalysts:A review[J].Hydrometallurgy,2013,133(2):23-32.
[11]SAFARZADEH M S,HORTON M,RYTHOVEN A D V.Review of recovery of platinum group metals from copper leach residues and other resources[J].Mineral Processing&Extractive Metallurgy Review,2018,39(1):1-17.
[12]MPINGA C N,EKSTEEN J J,ALDRICH C,DYER L.Direct leach approaches to platinum group metal(PGM)ores and concentrates:Areview[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,78:93-113.
[13]YANG Tian-zu.Precious metal metallurgy and product deep processing[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[14]BEZUIDENHOUT J J,EKSTEEN J J,BRADSHAW S M.Computational fluid dynamic modelling of an electric furnace used in the smelting of PGM containing concentrates[J].Minerals Engineering,2009,22(11):995-1006.
[15]JONES R T,KOTZE I J.DC arc smelting of difficult PGM-containing feed materials[J].Minerals Engineering,2004,16(2):165-173.
[16]LIDDEL K,NEWTON T,ADAMS M,MULLER B.Energy consumption for Kell hydrometallurgical refining versus conventional pyrometallurgical smelting and refining of PGMconcentrates[J].Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining&Metallurgy,2011,111(2):127-132.
[17]LU Yi-guan,ZHAO Kai,XIONG Yi-qu,LI Po,DU Da-yang,YUAN Ming-wei.Elements geochemistry of Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit western Yunnan,China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(9):2681-2694.
[18]LU Yi-guan,YANG Li-qiang,ZHAO Kai,XIONG Yi-qu,LI Po,Du Da-yang,YUAN Ming-wei.Origin of the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit,western Yunnan:Implications for the relationship of crustal contamination and mineralization[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(s2):302-303.
[19]TAO Yan,ZHU Dan,GAO Zhen-min,LUO Tai-yi,YAO Lin-bo,ZHANG Huan.An additional study on the Pd-occurrence states in the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd deposit[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2007,27(16):262-264.
[20]SONG Huan-bin,HE Ming-qin,ZHANG Shang-zhong,YI Feng-hua.Chemical composition of the ore and occurrence state of the elements in Jinbaoshan platinum-palladium deposit[J].Acta Geochimica,2008,27(1):104-108.
[21]LIU Shi-jie,YANG Mao-cai,WANG Yun-hua,ZHANG Guan-lu,LU Yue-hua,WANG Yong-lu,WU Xiao-feng.A new process engineering for comprehensive exploitation of the Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd ore resources,Yunnan Province,China[J].Precious Metals,2012,33(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[22]LIU Zhi-qiang,WANG Wu,CAO Hong-yang,ZHOU Xiang-qian,ZHANG Kui-fang,QIU Xian-yang.Oxygen pressure leaching of low-grade Pt-Pd concentrate[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2016,26(1):223-232.(in Chinese)
[23]MU Wang-zhong,ZHANG Ting-an,LIU Yan,GU Yan,DOUZhi-he,LV Guo-zhi,BAO Li,ZHANG Wei-guang.E-p H diagram of ZnS-H2O system during high pressure leaching of zinc sulfide[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(10):2012-2019.
[24]PADILLA R,VEGA D,RUIZ M C.Pressure leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid-oxygen media[J].Hydrometallurgy,2007,86(1):80-88.
[25]CHEN Jing,HUANG Kun,CHEN Yi-ran.Several techniques for handling flotation sulfide concentrates of Jinbaoshan platinum mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2006,30(3):401-406.(in Chinese)