夏热冬冷地区工业遗存的气候适应性改造策略
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摘要
我国夏热冬冷地区经济发达,历史悠久,留有数量众多的工业遗存。随着城市扩张,其区位价值提升,在城市更新中也被赋予更多的责任和希望。工业遗存改造机遇与挑战并存,除了产业集聚、功能置换,基于现有环境的城市生态建设也是重点。无论是从规划布局到单体改造,还是从策划到运营,既有空间与建筑的保护与更新都面临两个问题:一是功能适应性,二是气候适应性。因此,与功能改造相适应的同时,工业遗存更新与利用设计应从整体规划、组团更新、单体改造三个层次对冬夏气候差异带来的难题展开分析,从优化区域风环境、场地与微环境、空间重构与材料优化等方面探索适合城市、工业区和厂房单体的生态设计策略和技术。
Hot summer and cold winter areas in China are well developed and have a long history,where a large number of industrial heritages have been left. With the urban expansion,theirs location values are rising,they are also given more responsibility and hopes in the process of urban renewal. Opportunities and challenges coexist during the industrial heritage transformation. In addition to industrial agglomeration and functional replacement,urban ecological construction based on the original urban space is also the key point. No matter from layout planning to the reconstruction of single building,or from the planning to the operation,the protection and renewal of existing urban space and buildings face two problems: one is functional adaptation,the other is climate adaptation. Therefore,combined with the functional transformation,design of industrial heritage conservation and utilization should analyse the problems of winter and summer climate differences from three levels: the overall urban planning,building group renewal and reconstruction of single buildings,and explore ecological design strategies and techniques suitable for urban,industrial and factory building,from the following aspects: optimization of regional wind environment,site and microenvironment,space reconstruction and material optimization.
Hot summer and cold winter areas in China are well developed and have a long history,where a large number of industrial heritages have been left. With the urban expansion,theirs location values are rising,they are also given more responsibility and hopes in the process of urban renewal. Opportunities and challenges coexist during the industrial heritage transformation. In addition to industrial agglomeration and functional replacement,urban ecological construction based on the original urban space is also the key point. No matter from layout planning to the reconstruction of single building,or from the planning to the operation,the protection and renewal of existing urban space and buildings face two problems: one is functional adaptation,the other is climate adaptation. Therefore,combined with the functional transformation,design of industrial heritage conservation and utilization should analyse the problems of winter and summer climate differences from three levels: the overall urban planning,building group renewal and reconstruction of single buildings,and explore ecological design strategies and techniques suitable for urban,industrial and factory building,from the following aspects: optimization of regional wind environment,site and microenvironment,space reconstruction and material optimization.
引文
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[22]ZHOU J,CHEN Y.A Review on Applying Ventilated Double-Skin Facade to Buildings in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone in China[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010(14):1321-1328.
[23]崔新明,廖春波.外遮阳系统在夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑中的应用[J].住宅科技,2006(4):42-46.
[2]刘抚英,邹涛,栗德祥.后工业景观公园的典范:德国鲁尔区北杜伊斯堡景观公园考察研究[J].华中建筑,2007(11):77-86.
[3]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.民用建筑热工设计规范:GB 50176—2016[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[4]LIANG S,LIU J.Discussion on Humidity Environment Passive Adjustment Methods in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone[J].Green Building Technologies and Materials,2010(10):179-180.
[5]李保峰.适应夏热冬冷地区气候的建筑表皮之可变化设计策略研究[D].北京:清华大学,2004:35-42.
[6]胡映东,戚祥玉.严寒地区工业遗存的气候适应性改造策略[J].工业建筑,2018,48(2):53-54.
[7]刘姝宇,沈济黄.基于局地环流的城市通风道规划方法:以德国斯图加特市为例[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010(10):1985-1991.
[8]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014(3):52-60.
[9]国家发展改革委,住房城乡建设部.城市适应气候变化行动方案(发改气候[2016]245号)[EB/OL].(2016-02-04).http://qhs.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201602/t20160216_774715.html.
[10]胡映东,戚祥玉.基于城市缝合理念的资源枯竭型城市工业遗产再生研究[J].工业建筑,2017,47(10):63-68.
[11]洪良.城市通风廊道的规划应用探析[J].建设科技,2015(19):76-77.
[12]安超,沈清基.基于空间利用生态绩效的绿色基础设施网络构建方法[J].风景园林,2013(4):22-31.
[13]冯娴慧.城市近地面层的风场特征与导风体系构建的研究:以广州、江门为例[D].广州:中山大学,2006:134-137.
[14]WU K,HUNG L,LIN H T.Application of CFD Simulations in Studying Outdoor Wind Environment in Different Community Building Layouts and Open Space Designs[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2013(433):2320-2323.
[15]HONG B,LIN B.Numerical Study of the Influences of Different Patterns of the Building and Green Space on Micro-Scale Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Indoor Natural Ventilation[J].Build Simul,2014(7):525-536.
[16]董慧娟.废旧工业厂房建筑再利用的空间与节能技术改造研究[J].华中建筑,2014(5):29-31.
[17]戴黎晓.可持续更新理论视角下的旧厂房空间改造模式[D].长沙:湖南大学,2006:38-42.
[18]史蒂西K,刘佳,官晓晶.改扩建[M].王丹,译.大连:大连理工大学出版社,2009:70-73.
[19]耿幼明.既有办公建筑围护结构节能改造研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015:73-74.
[20]江苏省住房和城乡建设厅科技发展中心.江苏省绿色建筑应用技术指南[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2013:301.
[21]康杰,潘友纯,赵致俊,等.新型双隔热层节能屋顶的研究[J].建筑节能,2015(9):42-44.
[22]ZHOU J,CHEN Y.A Review on Applying Ventilated Double-Skin Facade to Buildings in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone in China[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2010(14):1321-1328.
[23]崔新明,廖春波.外遮阳系统在夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑中的应用[J].住宅科技,2006(4):42-46.