曲靖市麒麟区降雨侵蚀力的时间分布特征研究
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摘要
利用曲靖市麒麟区2000—2016年逐日降雨数据,分析降雨量和侵蚀性降雨量分布特征,采用基于日降雨量的降雨侵蚀力模型计算曲靖市麒麟区降雨侵蚀力,研究该地区降雨侵蚀力的年内和年际分布特征。结果表明:曲靖市麒麟区多年平均降雨量为875.5 mm,最大值为1 246 mm,最小值为533.9 mm;降雨量年内分布呈单峰式分布曲线,降雨量主要分布在5—10月,占全年降雨量的85.47%。麒麟区侵蚀性降雨量主要集中在5—10月,占全年侵蚀性降雨量的90%以上;6月份侵蚀性降雨量最大,占全年的26%。麒麟区2000—2016年最大次降雨侵蚀力为1 491.54 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h),占全部次降雨侵蚀力的2.35%,平均值为158.7 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h);月降雨侵蚀力平均值为31.87～1 127.94 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h),6月份所占比例最大,可达29%以上,2月份降雨侵蚀力最小。降雨侵蚀力季节变化表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。多年平均降雨侵蚀力为3 734.19 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h),年际变化显著。降雨侵蚀力与侵蚀性降雨量之间具有较好的乘幂关系,决定系数R2为0.9以上。
Distribution characteristics of rainfall and erosive rainfall were analyzed by using daily rainfall data in Qilin District of Qujing City from 2000 to 2016. Rainfall erosivity of Qilin District were calculated by rainfall erosivity models based on daily rainfall and the annual and inter annual distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity were studied. The results indicate that mean annual rainfall is 875.5 mm, maximum annual rainfall is1 246 mm and minimum is 533.9 mm. The annual rainfall of distribution curve is a single peak. Rainfall is mainly distributed from May to October and taking 85.47% of total annual rainfall. The erosive rainfall is mainly distributed from May to October and taking 90% of total annual erosive rainfall. The maximum of erosive rainfall is June and taking 26% of total annual erosive rainfall. The maximum of secondary rainfall erosivity from 2000 to2016 is 1 491.54 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and taking 2.35% of total rainfall erosivity, with the mean of 158.7 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h).The mean monthly rainfall erosivity is 31.87-1 127.94 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h). The maximum of proportion of rainfall erosivity is June and taking 29% of total rainfall erosivity, and the minimum is February. The seasonal rainfall erosivity is summer>autumn>spring>winter. The mean annual rainfall erosivity is 3 734.19 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and the interannual variation is significant. There is a good power relationship between rainfall erosivity and erosive rainfall and R~2 is more than 0.9.
Distribution characteristics of rainfall and erosive rainfall were analyzed by using daily rainfall data in Qilin District of Qujing City from 2000 to 2016. Rainfall erosivity of Qilin District were calculated by rainfall erosivity models based on daily rainfall and the annual and inter annual distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity were studied. The results indicate that mean annual rainfall is 875.5 mm, maximum annual rainfall is1 246 mm and minimum is 533.9 mm. The annual rainfall of distribution curve is a single peak. Rainfall is mainly distributed from May to October and taking 85.47% of total annual rainfall. The erosive rainfall is mainly distributed from May to October and taking 90% of total annual erosive rainfall. The maximum of erosive rainfall is June and taking 26% of total annual erosive rainfall. The maximum of secondary rainfall erosivity from 2000 to2016 is 1 491.54 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and taking 2.35% of total rainfall erosivity, with the mean of 158.7 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h).The mean monthly rainfall erosivity is 31.87-1 127.94 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h). The maximum of proportion of rainfall erosivity is June and taking 29% of total rainfall erosivity, and the minimum is February. The seasonal rainfall erosivity is summer>autumn>spring>winter. The mean annual rainfall erosivity is 3 734.19 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h) and the interannual variation is significant. There is a good power relationship between rainfall erosivity and erosive rainfall and R~2 is more than 0.9.
引文
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[3]赵阳,卢秀萍,许自成,等.曲靖烟区烤烟大田期38年降雨量变化时空特征分析[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(12):124-127.
[4]Panagos P,Ballabio C,Borrelli P,et al.Spatio-temporal analysis of rainfall erosivity and erosivity density in Greece[J].Catena,2016,137:161-172.
[5]陈正发,史东梅,何伟,等.云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变趋势研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):209-219.
[6]何强.曲靖市水土保持工作新思路[J].西南林业大学学报,2012,32(S):85-89.
[7]云南省水利厅,云南省水利水电科学研究所.云南省2004年土壤侵蚀遥感调查报告[R].昆明:云南省水利水电科学研究所,2006.
[8]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[9]李矜霄,何萍,保桃,等.曲靖市降水量和低云量的时空变化特征研究[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(2):95-100.
[10]邱学礼,李军营,李向阳,等.云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):98-103.
[11]黄选华,高华端,罗金,等.黔北浒洋水侵蚀性次降雨对地表径流产沙的影响[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(2):122-127.
[12]赵平伟,郭萍,李成武,等.云南不同量级降雨下的降雨侵蚀力特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(12):2135-2141.