语言类型学视野下副词语序研究——以英、汉、日、韩语为例
|
摘要
VO语(如:英语和汉语)以及OV语(如:日语和韩语),拥有的副词种类近乎一样,即言语行为、认知、评价、时位、程度以及方式副词。在句中,当两类及以上的副词共同出现时,它们遵循严格的线性语序"言语行为>评价_((命题))>认知>时位_1>程度>方式/评价_((事件))>时位_2"。从语言类型学角度,该副词共现顺序的共性归因于"语义距离象似性"及"跨范畴和谐理论",造成差异的原因在于"可别度领先原则"及"焦点后置"的共同作用。
The VO languages( like English and Chinese) and the OV languages( like Japanese and Korean) almost share the same categories of adverbs,namely speech-act,epistemic,evaluative,temporal location,degree and manner adverbs. When two or more categories of the adverbs appear in the same sentence,they are in the strict linear word order "speech-act > evaluative_((proposition))> epistemic > temporal location_1> degree > manner/evaluative_((event))> temporal location_2". From the perspective of typology,the similarity of the word order of the adverbs is attributed to the "semantic distance iconicity principle"and"cross-category harmony principle",and the difference can be explained by the interplay of"identifiability precedence iconicity principle"and "focus postposing".
The VO languages( like English and Chinese) and the OV languages( like Japanese and Korean) almost share the same categories of adverbs,namely speech-act,epistemic,evaluative,temporal location,degree and manner adverbs. When two or more categories of the adverbs appear in the same sentence,they are in the strict linear word order "speech-act > evaluative_((proposition))> epistemic > temporal location_1> degree > manner/evaluative_((event))> temporal location_2". From the perspective of typology,the similarity of the word order of the adverbs is attributed to the "semantic distance iconicity principle"and"cross-category harmony principle",and the difference can be explained by the interplay of"identifiability precedence iconicity principle"and "focus postposing".
引文
[1]HENGEVELD K. Non-verbal Predication:Theory,Typology,Diachrony[M]. Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter,1992.
[2]QUIRK R,GREENBAUM S,LEECH G,et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M]. London:Longman,1985.
[3]吕叔湘.汉语语法分析问题[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[4]CINQUE G. Adverbs and Functional Heads[M]. London,UK:Oxford University Press,1999.
[5]GREENBAUM S. Studies in English Adverbial Usage[M]. London:Longman,1985.
[6]郭建芳.汉英副词对比研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.
[7]RAMAT P,RICCA D. Sentence adverbs in the languages of Europe[C]//VAN DER AUWERA J,ed. Adverbial Constructions in the Languages of Europe. New York:Mouton de Gruyter,1998
[8]陆丙甫.核心推导语法[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1993.
[9]黄河.常用副词共现时的顺序[C]//缀玉集.北京:北京大学出版社,1990.
[10]袁毓林.多项副词共现的语序原则及其认知解释[C]//北京大学汉语语言学研究中心《语言学论丛》编委会编.语言学论丛.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[11]李波.语言类型学视野下的日语语序研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2014.
[12]白莲花.语言类型学视角下的韩汉语语序对比研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2014.
[13]靳葆强.韩汉副词共现语序对比及其认知解释[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2007(8):92-95.
[14]ERNST T. The Syntax of Adjuncts[M]. London,UK:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[15]BERIT G,ELENA C. Manner and Degree:An Introduction[J]. Nat Lang Linguist Theory,2015(33):745-790.
[16]陆丙甫,金立鑫.语言类型学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015.
[17]HAIMAN J. Natural Syntax:Iconicity and Erosion[M].London,UK:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[18]FILLMORE C. The Case for Case[C]//BACH E,HARMS R,eds. Universals in Linguistic Theory. New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1968.
[19]HAWKINS J A. Word Order Universals[M]. New York:Academic Press,1983.
[20]VENNEMANN,T. Analogy in Generative Grammar:the Origin of Word Order[C]//HEILMANN L,ed. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Linguistics(Vol. 2). Bologna:II Mulino,1972.
[21]金立鑫,于秀金.从与OV-VO相关和不相关参项考察普通话的语序类型[J].外国语,2012(2):22-29.
[22]LI C,THOMPSON S. Subject and topic:a new typology of language[M]//LI C,ed. Subject and Topic. New York:Academic Press:1976. 457-489.
[23]XU L J. Manifestation of informational focus[J]. Lingua,2004(114):277-299.
[24]陆丙甫.人类空间、时间感知对人类语言结构的普遍影响:语义距离象似性跟可别度领先象似性及其引申[J]. Chinese as a Second Language Research,2016,5(2):241-264.
(1)“>”在本文中表示“前置于”,如“言语行为>评价”表示“言语行为副词前置于评价副词”。
[2]QUIRK R,GREENBAUM S,LEECH G,et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language[M]. London:Longman,1985.
[3]吕叔湘.汉语语法分析问题[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[4]CINQUE G. Adverbs and Functional Heads[M]. London,UK:Oxford University Press,1999.
[5]GREENBAUM S. Studies in English Adverbial Usage[M]. London:Longman,1985.
[6]郭建芳.汉英副词对比研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013.
[7]RAMAT P,RICCA D. Sentence adverbs in the languages of Europe[C]//VAN DER AUWERA J,ed. Adverbial Constructions in the Languages of Europe. New York:Mouton de Gruyter,1998
[8]陆丙甫.核心推导语法[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,1993.
[9]黄河.常用副词共现时的顺序[C]//缀玉集.北京:北京大学出版社,1990.
[10]袁毓林.多项副词共现的语序原则及其认知解释[C]//北京大学汉语语言学研究中心《语言学论丛》编委会编.语言学论丛.北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[11]李波.语言类型学视野下的日语语序研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2014.
[12]白莲花.语言类型学视角下的韩汉语语序对比研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2014.
[13]靳葆强.韩汉副词共现语序对比及其认知解释[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2007(8):92-95.
[14]ERNST T. The Syntax of Adjuncts[M]. London,UK:Cambridge University Press,2002.
[15]BERIT G,ELENA C. Manner and Degree:An Introduction[J]. Nat Lang Linguist Theory,2015(33):745-790.
[16]陆丙甫,金立鑫.语言类型学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2015.
[17]HAIMAN J. Natural Syntax:Iconicity and Erosion[M].London,UK:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[18]FILLMORE C. The Case for Case[C]//BACH E,HARMS R,eds. Universals in Linguistic Theory. New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1968.
[19]HAWKINS J A. Word Order Universals[M]. New York:Academic Press,1983.
[20]VENNEMANN,T. Analogy in Generative Grammar:the Origin of Word Order[C]//HEILMANN L,ed. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Linguistics(Vol. 2). Bologna:II Mulino,1972.
[21]金立鑫,于秀金.从与OV-VO相关和不相关参项考察普通话的语序类型[J].外国语,2012(2):22-29.
[22]LI C,THOMPSON S. Subject and topic:a new typology of language[M]//LI C,ed. Subject and Topic. New York:Academic Press:1976. 457-489.
[23]XU L J. Manifestation of informational focus[J]. Lingua,2004(114):277-299.
[24]陆丙甫.人类空间、时间感知对人类语言结构的普遍影响:语义距离象似性跟可别度领先象似性及其引申[J]. Chinese as a Second Language Research,2016,5(2):241-264.
(1)“>”在本文中表示“前置于”,如“言语行为>评价”表示“言语行为副词前置于评价副词”。