淹水过程中土壤硒的形态转化
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摘要
对含硒(Se)土样进行淹水培养,运用连续提取法和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)技术,揭示淹水处理过程中土壤硒和铁氧化物的形态转化过程。结果表明,土壤氧化还原电位(Eh值)对土壤硒形态转化起主导作用,淹水培养过程中的水溶态和可交换态硒含量逐渐降低,元素态和残渣态硒含量逐渐增高;XPS分析结果表明,淹水15 d后土壤中Se(Ⅳ)占总硒的百分比由59.7%下降到48.3%,元素态和金属硒化物的含量分别升高了6.3百分点和5.1百分点。同时,淹水过程中土壤还原性铁含量增加,且铁氧化物晶体结构发生了变化。综上所述,土壤Eh值为影响硒活性的主要因素,Eh值对土壤硒形态转化起主导作用,土壤氧化性越强,土壤中硒的活性也越强。在淹水条件下土壤处在还原状态,土壤中硒的移动性逐渐减弱,生物有效性降低。
引文
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[3]Hamilton S J. Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):1-31.
[4]Williams P N,Islam S,Islam R,et al.Arsenic limits trace mineral nutrition (selenium,zinc,and nickel) in Bangladesh rice grain[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2009,43(21):8430-8436.
[5]Tan J,Zhu W,Wang W,et al.,Selenium in soil and endemic diseases in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2002,284(1):227-235.
[6]Coppin F,Chabroullet C,Martingarin A.Selenite interactions with some particulate organic and mineral fractions isolated from a natural grassland soil[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,2009,60(3):369-376.
[7]Wang S S,Liang D L,Wang D,et al. Selenium fractionation and speciation in agriculture soils and accumulation in corn (Zea mays L.) under field conditions in Shaanxi Province,China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2012,427/428:159-164.
[8]Lessa J H,Araujo A M,Silva G N,et al. Adsorption-desorption reactions of selenium (Ⅵ) in tropical cultivated and uncultivated soils under Cerrado biome[J]. Chemosphere,2016(164):271-277.
[9]Qin H B,Zhu J M,Lin Z Q,et al. Selenium speciation in seleniferous agricultural soils under different cropping systems using sequential extraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017(225):361-369.
[10]Kulp T R,Pratt L M. Speciation and weathering of selenium in upper cretaceous chalk and shale from South Dakota and Wyoming,USA[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2004,68(18):3687-3701.
[11]李璐,秦海波,苏惠,等. 硒连续化学提取技术中的若干问题讨论[J]. 地球与环境,2009,37(4):458-463.
[12]赵美芝. 土壤和黏粒矿物对亚硒酸盐的吸附和解吸[J]. 土壤学报,1991,28(2):139-14.
[13]Couture R M,Charlet L,Markelova E,et al. On-off mobilization of contaminants in soils during redox oscillations[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2015,49(5):3015-23.
[14]谢邦廷,贺灵,江官军,等. 中国南方典型富硒区土壤硒有效性调控与评价[J]. 岩矿测试,2017,36(3):273-281.
[15]Abdel-Samad H,Watson P R. An XPS study of the adsorption of chromate on goethite (α -FeOOH)[J]. Applied Surface Science,1997,108(3):371-377.
[16]Han D S,Batchelor B,Abdel-Wahab A. XPS analysis of sorption of selenium(Ⅳ) and selenium(Ⅵ) to mackinawite (FeS)[J]. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy,2013,32(1):84-93.
[17]Yamada H,Kase Y,Usuki M,et al. Selective determination and formation of elemental selenium in soils[J]. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition,1999,45(2):403-408.
[18]Masscheleyn P H,Jr W H P. Biogeochemical processes affecting selenium cycling in wetlands[J]. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry,1993,12(12):2235-2243.
[19]Grosvenor A P,Kobe B A,Biesinger M C,et al. Investigation of multiplet splitting of Fe 2p XPS spectra and bonding in iron compounds[J]. Surface & Interface Analysis,2004(36):1564-1574.
[20]Scott T B,Allen G C,Heard P J,et al. Reduction of U(Ⅵ) to U(Ⅳ) on the surface of magnetite[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(24):5639-5646.
[21]Yamashita T,Hayes P. Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+,and Fe3+,ions in oxide materials[J]. Applied Surface Science,2008,254(8):2441-2449.