围岩与早期强度阶段充填体耦合作用的模拟试验研究
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摘要
选用全精炼工业石蜡和以石蜡为胶结剂的尾砂石蜡拌合料作为两种充填体模拟材料,通过轴向加载测试并借助超声波检测仪、声发射信号分析仪、裂纹扩展显微成像设备等,对处于早期强度阶段的充填体与围岩的耦合作用机理进行试验研究。结果表明,石蜡和尾砂石蜡这两种材料的力学变形特征与矿山所用充填体早龄期的力学性能相似,用其模拟处于早期强度阶段的胶结充填体是合理和可行的;在加载过程中,围岩/充填体复合试样的破坏裂纹主要沿着围岩与充填体接触面扩展;试样内超声波声速值衰减幅度越大的区域,其内部损伤破坏越严重;试样加载过程中的声发射点分布情况进一步验证了损伤破坏在充填体与围岩接触带区域发生较多,这与裂纹扩展情况相符。
Fully-refined industrial paraffin and the mixture of tailings with paraffin as cementing agent were chosen as two kinds of similar materials of filling body.The axial loading tester,ultrasonic detector,acoustic emission signal analyzer and micro-imaging equipments for crack propagation were used to study the coupling mechanism between filling body in the early strength stage and surrounding rock.The experimental results show that pure paraffin and the mixture of tailings and paraffin have mechanic deformation characteristics similar to those of the mine-used early-age filling body,and it is reasonable and feasible to use them to simulate the cemented filling body in the early strength stage.In the process of loading,damage cracks in the composite samples mainly extend along the interfaces of surrounding rock and filling body.The larger attenuation amplitude of ultrasonic velocity in the samples,the more serious internal damage in the relevant regions.In addition,the distribution of acoustic emission points in the samples during loading also demonstrates that the damages occur more frequently in the contact zone between filling body and surrounding rock,which is consistent with the crack propagation.
Fully-refined industrial paraffin and the mixture of tailings with paraffin as cementing agent were chosen as two kinds of similar materials of filling body.The axial loading tester,ultrasonic detector,acoustic emission signal analyzer and micro-imaging equipments for crack propagation were used to study the coupling mechanism between filling body in the early strength stage and surrounding rock.The experimental results show that pure paraffin and the mixture of tailings and paraffin have mechanic deformation characteristics similar to those of the mine-used early-age filling body,and it is reasonable and feasible to use them to simulate the cemented filling body in the early strength stage.In the process of loading,damage cracks in the composite samples mainly extend along the interfaces of surrounding rock and filling body.The larger attenuation amplitude of ultrasonic velocity in the samples,the more serious internal damage in the relevant regions.In addition,the distribution of acoustic emission points in the samples during loading also demonstrates that the damages occur more frequently in the contact zone between filling body and surrounding rock,which is consistent with the crack propagation.
引文
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[2]林枝祥,杨鹏,吕文生.三山岛金矿盐卤水对胶结充填体早期强度的影响[J].金属矿山,2015(7):164-167.
[3]孙文标,张惠聚,田坤云.似膏体充填体的早期强度及其影响因素研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,36(2):7-9.
[4]林海飞,翟雨龙,李树刚,等.基于正交设计的“固-气”耦合相似材料力学与渗透特性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):672-679.
[5]邓晓谦.基于相似模拟实验的巷道变形特征及失稳危险判别研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.
[6]李树忱,冯现大,李术才,等.新型固流耦合相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):281-288.
[7]李术才,李利平,李树忱,等.地下工程突涌水物理模拟试验系统的研制及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):299-304.
[8]李树刚,张少龙,赵鹏翔,等.固-气耦合物理相似模拟实验材料的研究[J].煤矿安全,2013,44(8):51-54.
[9]李树刚,赵鹏翔,林海飞,等.胶结剂对“固-气”耦合相似材料特性的影响[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(5):750-755.
[10]李树刚,赵鹏翔,林海飞,等.煤岩瓦斯“固-气”耦合物理模拟相似材料特性实验研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):80-86.
[11]陈红江,李夕兵,刘爱华,等.水下开采顶板突水相似物理模型试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(6):854-859.
[12]张杰.相似模拟实验材料的流固耦合参数测试[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(2):198-201.