干旱胁迫下氮素对胡杨幼苗生长及光合的影响
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摘要
胡杨(Populus euphratica)是塔里木河流域荒漠河岸林重要的抗逆种质资源,胡杨幼苗的存活及生长受水分和氮素的限制。为了研究干旱胁迫下氮素供应对胡杨幼苗早期形态建成的影响,本试验以1年生胡杨实生幼苗为研究对象,采用温室盆栽试验,设置4个水分处理(D_1、D_2、D_3、D_4,土壤含水量为20%~25%、40%~45%、60%~65%、80%~85%)和3种施氮水平(N_0、N_1、N_2:0、3、6 g·pot-1),测定胡杨幼苗的生长指标、叶绿素荧光和光合参数。结果表明:轻度干旱胁迫(D_3)下,施氮量为N_1时,胡杨幼苗的表观生长和光合能力显著提高;幼苗根冠比在D_1时最低,施氮使其显著增大;干旱胁迫(D_1、D_2、D_3)下,N对幼苗生长的促进作用大于N_2;严重干旱胁迫(D_1)时,施氮显著提高幼苗荧光参数和光合速率,增强其光合能力;因此,胡杨幼苗在土壤相对含水量60%~65%(D3)、氮素量为3g·pot~(-1)(N_1)时,其生长表现为最佳状态;干旱胁迫下,氮素能显著增强幼苗地下部分生长和光合能力,表明氮素对干旱胁迫具有补偿效应,可促进幼苗的早期形态建成,有效帮助幼苗渡过生长脆弱期。
Populus euphratica is an important stress-resistant germplasm resource for desert riparian forests in Tarim River Basin.The survival and growth of P.euphratica seedlings are always limited by water and nitrogen.In this experiment,we studied the effect of nitrogen supply on the early morphogenesis of P.euphratica seedlings under drought stress.Four water treatments(D_1,D_2,D_3 and D_4 with soil relative water contents of 20%-25%,40%-45%,60%-65% and 80%-85%,respectively) and three nitrogen application levels(N_0,N_1,N_2:0,3,6 g·pot~(-1)) were used to determine the growth index,chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of P.euphratica seedlings.The results showed that under slight drought stress(D_3),P.euphratica seedlings had a higher capacity of growth and photosynthesis when N_1 was applied.Under severe drought stress(D_1),the root/shoot ratio of seedlings was the lowest,and significantly increased when the nitrogen level increased.Under the conditions of drought(D_1,D_2,D_3),the effect of N_1 on seedling growth was higher than that of N_2.Under severe drought stress(D_1),nitrogen application significantly increased the fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic rate.Therefore,P.euphratica seedlings had the best growth performance when soil relative water content was 60%-65%(D_3) and nitrogen application level was 3 g·pot~(-1)(N_1).The root growth and photosynthetic capacity of seedlings was significantly increased by nitrogen fertilization under different drought stresses,indicating that nitrogen had a compensatory effect on drought stress.So,nitrogen fertilization can promote the early morphogenesis of P.euphratica seedlings and help the seedlings survive during the vulnerable period of growth.
Populus euphratica is an important stress-resistant germplasm resource for desert riparian forests in Tarim River Basin.The survival and growth of P.euphratica seedlings are always limited by water and nitrogen.In this experiment,we studied the effect of nitrogen supply on the early morphogenesis of P.euphratica seedlings under drought stress.Four water treatments(D_1,D_2,D_3 and D_4 with soil relative water contents of 20%-25%,40%-45%,60%-65% and 80%-85%,respectively) and three nitrogen application levels(N_0,N_1,N_2:0,3,6 g·pot~(-1)) were used to determine the growth index,chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters of P.euphratica seedlings.The results showed that under slight drought stress(D_3),P.euphratica seedlings had a higher capacity of growth and photosynthesis when N_1 was applied.Under severe drought stress(D_1),the root/shoot ratio of seedlings was the lowest,and significantly increased when the nitrogen level increased.Under the conditions of drought(D_1,D_2,D_3),the effect of N_1 on seedling growth was higher than that of N_2.Under severe drought stress(D_1),nitrogen application significantly increased the fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic rate.Therefore,P.euphratica seedlings had the best growth performance when soil relative water content was 60%-65%(D_3) and nitrogen application level was 3 g·pot~(-1)(N_1).The root growth and photosynthetic capacity of seedlings was significantly increased by nitrogen fertilization under different drought stresses,indicating that nitrogen had a compensatory effect on drought stress.So,nitrogen fertilization can promote the early morphogenesis of P.euphratica seedlings and help the seedlings survive during the vulnerable period of growth.
引文
陈琳,曾杰,徐大平,等.2010.氮素营养对西南桦幼苗生长及叶片养分状况的影响.林业科学,46(5):35-40.
陈亚鹏,陈亚宁,徐长春,等.2011.塔里木河下游地下水埋深对胡杨气体交换和叶绿素荧光的影响.生态学报,31(2):344-353.
程云环,韩有志,王庆成,等.2005.落叶松人工林细根动态与土壤资源有效性关系研究.植物生态学报,29(3):303-310.
傅荩仪,徐海量,安红燕,等.2013a.塔里木河下游漫溢区土壤种子库及幼苗库特征.中国沙漠,33(6):1705-1710.
傅荩仪,徐海量,赵新风,等.2013b.塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异.草业学报,22(6):11-20.
郝龙飞,王庆成,张彦东,等.2012.指数施肥对山桃稠李播种苗生物量及养分动态的影响.林业科学,48(6):33-39.
黄彩变,曾凡江,雷加强.2016.极端干旱区骆驼刺对水氮条件变化的生长响应.草地学报,24(3):581-589.
季方,马英杰,樊自立.2001.塔里木河冲积平原胡杨林的土壤水分状况研究.植物生态学报,25(1):17-21.
姜卫兵,高光林,俞开锦,等.2002.水分胁迫对果树光合作用及同化代谢的影响研究进展.果树学报,19(6):416-420.
李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.2017.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,37(5):1515-1524.
李清莹,文珊娜,姜清彬,等.2017.不同营养元素缺乏对火力楠幼苗生长的影响.生态学杂志,36(3):664-669.
李卫民,周凌云,徐梦雄.2002.土壤水分胁迫下氮素营养对冬小麦光合生理和环境的关系的影响.土壤学报,39(3):397-403.
鲁艳,雷加强,曾凡江,等.2015.Na Cl处理对胡杨生长及生理生态特征的影响.干旱区研究,32(2):279-285.
吕豪豪,马晓东,张瑞群,等.2016.水分胁迫下不同氮素对多枝柽柳幼苗生长及生理的影响.草业学报,25(9):54-63.
舒展,张晓素,陈娟,等.2010.叶绿素含量测定的简化.植物生理学通讯,46(4):399-402.
宋庆妮,杨清培,王兵,等.2013.水分变化对毛竹林与常绿阔叶林土壤氮素矿化的潜在影响.生态学杂志,32(12):3297-3304.
王海珍,陈加利,韩路,等.2013.地下水位对胡杨(Populus euphratica)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa)叶绿素荧光光响应与光合色素含量的影响.中国沙漠,33(4):1054-1063.
王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.2017.土壤水分梯度对灰胡杨光合作用与抗逆性的影响.生态学报,37(2):432-442.
王明慧,马晓东,张瑞群,等.2016.塔里木河下游多枝柽柳幼苗生长和光合生理指标对输水漫溢的响应特征.西北植物学报,36(10):2038-2046.
吴楚,王政权,孙海龙,等.2005.氮磷供给对长白落叶松叶绿素合成、叶绿素荧光和光合速率的影响.林业科学,41(4):31-36.
许凯,徐钰,张梦珊,等.2014.氮添加对苏北沿海杨树人工林土壤活性有机碳库的影响.生态学杂志,33(6):1480-1486.
许莎莎,孙国钧,刘慧明,等.2011.黑河河岸植被与环境因子间的相互作用.生态学报,31(9):2421-2429.
杨腾,马履一,段劼,等.2014.氮处理对文冠果幼苗光合、干物质积累和根系生长的影响.林业科学,50(6):82-89.
叶莉莎,陈双林.2016.氮素形态及配比对雷竹光合特性和氮代谢酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2355-2360.
尹丽,刘永安,谢财永,等.2012.干旱胁迫与施氮对麻疯树幼苗渗透调节物质积累的影响.应用生态学报,23(3):632-638.
于显枫,郭天文,张仁陟,等.2008.水氮互作对春小麦叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的作用机制.西北农业学报,17(3):117-123.
张楠,杨雪芹,曹德昌,等.2013.土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响.西北植物学报,33(4):771-779.
张肖,王瑞清,李志军,等.2015.胡杨种子萌发对温光条件和盐旱胁迫的响应特征.西北植物学报,35(8):1642-1649.
赵正帅,郑亚琼,梁继业,等.2016.塔里木河流域胡杨和灰叶胡杨克隆分株空间分布格局.应用生态学报,27(2):403-411.
种培芳,李毅,苏世平.2010.荒漠植物红砂叶绿素荧光参数日变化及其与环境因子的关系.中国沙漠,30(3):539-545.
周斌,杨红梅,胡顺军,等.2010.河水漫溢对塔里木河下游土壤及植被的影响.干旱区地理,33(3):442-448.
周朝彬,宋于洋,王炳举,等.2009.干旱胁迫对胡杨光合和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.西北林学院学报,24(4):5-9.
朱成刚,李卫红,马晓东,等.2011.塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下的胡杨叶绿素荧光特性研究.中国沙漠,31(4):927-936.
Chen YN,Cui WC,Li WH.2003.Utilization of water resources and ecological protection in the Tarim River.Acta Geographica Sinica,58:215-222.
Chen YN,Zilliacus H,Li WH,et al.2006.Ground-water level affects plant species diversity along the lower reaches of the Tarim River,western China.Journal of Arid Environments,66:231-246.
Delgado-Baquerizo M,Maestre FT,Gallardo MA.2013.Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands.Nature,502:672-676.
Garcia AL,Fuentes V,Gallego J.1996.Influence of nitrogen supply on osmoregulation in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)plants under moderate water stress.Plant Science,115:33-38.
Genty B,Briantais JM,Baker NR.1989.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,990:87-92.
James JJ,Tiller RL,Richards JH.2005.Multiple resources limit plant growth and function in a saline-alkaline desert community.Journal of Ecology,93:113-126.
Kitajima M,Butler WL.1975.Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,376:105-115.
LüXT,Dijkstra FA,Kong DL,et al.2014.Plant nitrogen uptake drives responses of productivity to nitrogen and water addition in a grassland.Scientific Reports,4:4817.
Pfündel EE,Ben GN,Meyer S,et al.2007.Investigating UVscreening in leaves by two different types of portable UVfluorimeters reveals in vivo screening by anthocyanins and carotenoids.Photosynthesis Research,93:205-221.
Polle A,Klein T,Kettner C.2013.Impact of cadmium on young plants of Populus euphratica and P.×canescens,two poplar species that differ in stress tolerance.New Forests,44:13-22.
Raese JT,Drake SR,Curry EA.2007.Nitrogen fertilizer influences fruit quality,soil nutrients and cover crops,leaf color and nitrogen content,biennial bearing and cold hardiness of“Golden Delicious”.Journal of Plant Nutrition,30:1585-1604.
Vitousek PM.1982.Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency.The American Naturalist,119:553-572.
Whitford WG,Reynolds JF,Cunningham GL.1987.How desertification affects nitrogen limitation of primaryproduction on Chihuahuan Desert watersheds//Moir W,Aldon EA,eds.Proceedings of the Symposium on Strategies for Classification and Management of Natural Vegetation for Food Production in Arid Zones.U.S.Forest Service,Denver,CO;1987.143-153.
陈亚鹏,陈亚宁,徐长春,等.2011.塔里木河下游地下水埋深对胡杨气体交换和叶绿素荧光的影响.生态学报,31(2):344-353.
程云环,韩有志,王庆成,等.2005.落叶松人工林细根动态与土壤资源有效性关系研究.植物生态学报,29(3):303-310.
傅荩仪,徐海量,安红燕,等.2013a.塔里木河下游漫溢区土壤种子库及幼苗库特征.中国沙漠,33(6):1705-1710.
傅荩仪,徐海量,赵新风,等.2013b.塔里木河下游漫溢干扰频次和持续时间对河岸植被和土壤的影响差异.草业学报,22(6):11-20.
郝龙飞,王庆成,张彦东,等.2012.指数施肥对山桃稠李播种苗生物量及养分动态的影响.林业科学,48(6):33-39.
黄彩变,曾凡江,雷加强.2016.极端干旱区骆驼刺对水氮条件变化的生长响应.草地学报,24(3):581-589.
季方,马英杰,樊自立.2001.塔里木河冲积平原胡杨林的土壤水分状况研究.植物生态学报,25(1):17-21.
姜卫兵,高光林,俞开锦,等.2002.水分胁迫对果树光合作用及同化代谢的影响研究进展.果树学报,19(6):416-420.
李泽,谭晓风,卢锟,等.2017.干旱胁迫对两种油桐幼苗生长、气体交换及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.生态学报,37(5):1515-1524.
李清莹,文珊娜,姜清彬,等.2017.不同营养元素缺乏对火力楠幼苗生长的影响.生态学杂志,36(3):664-669.
李卫民,周凌云,徐梦雄.2002.土壤水分胁迫下氮素营养对冬小麦光合生理和环境的关系的影响.土壤学报,39(3):397-403.
鲁艳,雷加强,曾凡江,等.2015.Na Cl处理对胡杨生长及生理生态特征的影响.干旱区研究,32(2):279-285.
吕豪豪,马晓东,张瑞群,等.2016.水分胁迫下不同氮素对多枝柽柳幼苗生长及生理的影响.草业学报,25(9):54-63.
舒展,张晓素,陈娟,等.2010.叶绿素含量测定的简化.植物生理学通讯,46(4):399-402.
宋庆妮,杨清培,王兵,等.2013.水分变化对毛竹林与常绿阔叶林土壤氮素矿化的潜在影响.生态学杂志,32(12):3297-3304.
王海珍,陈加利,韩路,等.2013.地下水位对胡杨(Populus euphratica)和灰胡杨(Populus pruinosa)叶绿素荧光光响应与光合色素含量的影响.中国沙漠,33(4):1054-1063.
王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.2017.土壤水分梯度对灰胡杨光合作用与抗逆性的影响.生态学报,37(2):432-442.
王明慧,马晓东,张瑞群,等.2016.塔里木河下游多枝柽柳幼苗生长和光合生理指标对输水漫溢的响应特征.西北植物学报,36(10):2038-2046.
吴楚,王政权,孙海龙,等.2005.氮磷供给对长白落叶松叶绿素合成、叶绿素荧光和光合速率的影响.林业科学,41(4):31-36.
许凯,徐钰,张梦珊,等.2014.氮添加对苏北沿海杨树人工林土壤活性有机碳库的影响.生态学杂志,33(6):1480-1486.
许莎莎,孙国钧,刘慧明,等.2011.黑河河岸植被与环境因子间的相互作用.生态学报,31(9):2421-2429.
杨腾,马履一,段劼,等.2014.氮处理对文冠果幼苗光合、干物质积累和根系生长的影响.林业科学,50(6):82-89.
叶莉莎,陈双林.2016.氮素形态及配比对雷竹光合特性和氮代谢酶活性的影响.生态学杂志,35(9):2355-2360.
尹丽,刘永安,谢财永,等.2012.干旱胁迫与施氮对麻疯树幼苗渗透调节物质积累的影响.应用生态学报,23(3):632-638.
于显枫,郭天文,张仁陟,等.2008.水氮互作对春小麦叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的作用机制.西北农业学报,17(3):117-123.
张楠,杨雪芹,曹德昌,等.2013.土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响.西北植物学报,33(4):771-779.
张肖,王瑞清,李志军,等.2015.胡杨种子萌发对温光条件和盐旱胁迫的响应特征.西北植物学报,35(8):1642-1649.
赵正帅,郑亚琼,梁继业,等.2016.塔里木河流域胡杨和灰叶胡杨克隆分株空间分布格局.应用生态学报,27(2):403-411.
种培芳,李毅,苏世平.2010.荒漠植物红砂叶绿素荧光参数日变化及其与环境因子的关系.中国沙漠,30(3):539-545.
周斌,杨红梅,胡顺军,等.2010.河水漫溢对塔里木河下游土壤及植被的影响.干旱区地理,33(3):442-448.
周朝彬,宋于洋,王炳举,等.2009.干旱胁迫对胡杨光合和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.西北林学院学报,24(4):5-9.
朱成刚,李卫红,马晓东,等.2011.塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下的胡杨叶绿素荧光特性研究.中国沙漠,31(4):927-936.
Chen YN,Cui WC,Li WH.2003.Utilization of water resources and ecological protection in the Tarim River.Acta Geographica Sinica,58:215-222.
Chen YN,Zilliacus H,Li WH,et al.2006.Ground-water level affects plant species diversity along the lower reaches of the Tarim River,western China.Journal of Arid Environments,66:231-246.
Delgado-Baquerizo M,Maestre FT,Gallardo MA.2013.Decoupling of soil nutrient cycles as a function of aridity in global drylands.Nature,502:672-676.
Garcia AL,Fuentes V,Gallego J.1996.Influence of nitrogen supply on osmoregulation in tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)plants under moderate water stress.Plant Science,115:33-38.
Genty B,Briantais JM,Baker NR.1989.The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,990:87-92.
James JJ,Tiller RL,Richards JH.2005.Multiple resources limit plant growth and function in a saline-alkaline desert community.Journal of Ecology,93:113-126.
Kitajima M,Butler WL.1975.Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone.Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,376:105-115.
LüXT,Dijkstra FA,Kong DL,et al.2014.Plant nitrogen uptake drives responses of productivity to nitrogen and water addition in a grassland.Scientific Reports,4:4817.
Pfündel EE,Ben GN,Meyer S,et al.2007.Investigating UVscreening in leaves by two different types of portable UVfluorimeters reveals in vivo screening by anthocyanins and carotenoids.Photosynthesis Research,93:205-221.
Polle A,Klein T,Kettner C.2013.Impact of cadmium on young plants of Populus euphratica and P.×canescens,two poplar species that differ in stress tolerance.New Forests,44:13-22.
Raese JT,Drake SR,Curry EA.2007.Nitrogen fertilizer influences fruit quality,soil nutrients and cover crops,leaf color and nitrogen content,biennial bearing and cold hardiness of“Golden Delicious”.Journal of Plant Nutrition,30:1585-1604.
Vitousek PM.1982.Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency.The American Naturalist,119:553-572.
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