亲子幼教网创业生态系统动态演化的案例研究——机会识别与利用适配视角
|
摘要
2015年,随着中央"大众创业万众创新"号召的提出,高科技创业再度成为国内各界所共同关注的重要课题。创业的实质是识别与利用创业机会,其成功与否将取决于团队、政府、高校和投资机构等内外部组织间紧密合作的生态系统。以典型性高科技创业的亲子幼教网创始人3次创业过程为案例研究对象,基于机会识别和利用的适配性视角,深入探讨亲子幼教网创业生态系统动态演化的过程机理。通过对案例的研究发现,亲子幼教网创业者3次创业生态系统经历了资本主导型创业、市场主导型创业和创业者主导型创业3个阶段;每个阶段创业者对创业机会的识别与利用方式具有不同的特征;以典型性高科技创业的亲子幼教网创业生态系统中,创业机会识别与利用的不断适配推动创业生态系统的动态演化,而创业者的机会观是推动创业生态系统发展的关键因素。
Since 2015,with the Central Committee calling on "innovation of mass entrepreneurship",high-tech entrepreneurship has become an important issue of common concern in all circles at home. The essence of entrepreneurship is to identify and utilize entrepreneurial opportunities. The success of it will depend on the close cooperation between teams,governments,universities and investment institutions. This study takes the three entrepreneurial processes of the Parent-child Education Networks(PEN) which is typical high-tech startups as a case study. Based on the adaptability perspective of opportunity recognition and utilization,we explore the process mechanism of the dynamic evolution of PEN entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through the case study,it is found out that the three entrepreneurial ecosystems of entrepreneurs have experienced three stages:capital-dominated entrepreneurship,market-led entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial-dominated entrepreneurship. Each stage has different characteristics of identifying and utilizing entrepreneurial opportunities. It is revealed that the continuous adaptation of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and utilization promotes the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystem in PEN of the typical high-tech startups,and the opportunity view of entrepreneurs is the key factor to promote the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Since 2015,with the Central Committee calling on "innovation of mass entrepreneurship",high-tech entrepreneurship has become an important issue of common concern in all circles at home. The essence of entrepreneurship is to identify and utilize entrepreneurial opportunities. The success of it will depend on the close cooperation between teams,governments,universities and investment institutions. This study takes the three entrepreneurial processes of the Parent-child Education Networks(PEN) which is typical high-tech startups as a case study. Based on the adaptability perspective of opportunity recognition and utilization,we explore the process mechanism of the dynamic evolution of PEN entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through the case study,it is found out that the three entrepreneurial ecosystems of entrepreneurs have experienced three stages:capital-dominated entrepreneurship,market-led entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial-dominated entrepreneurship. Each stage has different characteristics of identifying and utilizing entrepreneurial opportunities. It is revealed that the continuous adaptation of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and utilization promotes the dynamic evolution of entrepreneurial ecosystem in PEN of the typical high-tech startups,and the opportunity view of entrepreneurs is the key factor to promote the development of entrepreneurial ecosystem.
引文
[1]董洁林.“天生全球化”创业模式探讨:基于“千人计划”海归高科技创业的多案例研究[J].中国软科学,2013(4):26-38.
[2]GRILLI L.High-tech entrepreneurship in Europe:a heuristic firm growth model and three“(un-)easy pieces”for policy-making[J].Industry and Innovation,2014,21(4):267-284.
[3]COHEN B.Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems[J].Business Strategy and the Environment,2006,10(1):105-113.
[4]NG R K W.An empirical analysis of the Singapore entrepreneurship ecosystem:a case study for BRIC economies to ponder[M].Springer,New Delhi:Entrepreneurial Ecosystem,2015.
[5]ROSLI M M,MAHMOOD R.Moderating effects of human resource management practices and entrepreneur training on innovation and small-medium firm performance[J].Journal of Management and Strategy,2013,4(2):60-69.
[6]KURATKO D F,MORRIS M H,SCHINDEHUTTE M.Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches[J].Small Business Economics,2015,45(1):1-13.
[7]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution:re-examining technology S-curves[J].Strategic Management Journal,2016,37(4):625-648.
[8]KSHETRI N.Developing successful entrepreneurial ecosystems:lessons from a comparison of an Asian tiger and a Baltic tiger[J].Baltic Journal of Management,2014,9(3):330-356.
[9]ROMANO A,PASSIANTE G,DEL VECCHIO P,et al.The innovation ecosystem as booster for the innovative entrepreneurship in the smart specialization strategy[J].International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development,2014,5(3):271-288.
[10]SURESH J,RAMRAJ R.Entrepreneurial ecosystem:case study on the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurial success[J].European Journal of Business and Management,2012,4(16):95-101.
[11]倪渊.新生代知识型员工离职倾向影响因素---基于互联网创业公司的实证研究[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(1):108-115.
[12]杨勇,王志杰.区域科技创业生态系统运行机制及政策仿真研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(12):99-108.
[13]单鹏,鞠晓峰,于楠楠,等.区域新知识创造对创业活动影响的空间动态研究[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(6):106-112.
[14]赵涛,刘文光,边伟军.科技创业生态群落要素构成与测度研究---基于结构方程模型的实证分析[J].经济问题,2011(10):28-32.
[15]SIRMON D G,HITT M A,ARREGLE J L,et al.The dynamic interplay of capability strengths and weaknesses:investigating the bases of temporary competitive advantage[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(13):1386-1409.
[16]ARDICHVILI A,CARDOZO R,RAY S.A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):105-123.
[17]史容,殷红春,魏亚平.创业机会感知与创业动机对创业意向的影响---基于潜在科技型创业者的中介效应模型[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(5):105-110.
[18]MURPHY P J.A 2×2 conceptual foundation for entrepreneurial discovery theory[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(2):359-374.
[19]TIMMONS J A,SPINELLI S.New venture creation:entrepreneurship for the 21st century[M].Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin,1994.
[20]毛基业,苏芳.案例研究的理论贡献---中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2015)综述[J].管理世界,2016,31(2):128-132.
[21]欧阳桃花.试论工商管理学科的案例研究方法[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2):100-105.
[22]PAN S L,TAN B.Demystifying case research:a Structured-Pragmatic-Situational(SPS)approach to conducting case studies[J].Information And Organization,2011,21(3):161-176.
[23]张玲斌,董正英.创业生态系统内的种间协同效应研究[J].生态经济,2014,30(5):103-105.
[24]SARASVATHY S D,DEW N,VELAMURI S R,et al.Three views of entrepreneurial opportunity[M].Springer,Boston:Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research,2010.
[25]方世建.试析效果逻辑的理论渊源,核心内容与发展走向(续)[J].外国经济与管理,2012,34(2):10-16.
[2]GRILLI L.High-tech entrepreneurship in Europe:a heuristic firm growth model and three“(un-)easy pieces”for policy-making[J].Industry and Innovation,2014,21(4):267-284.
[3]COHEN B.Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems[J].Business Strategy and the Environment,2006,10(1):105-113.
[4]NG R K W.An empirical analysis of the Singapore entrepreneurship ecosystem:a case study for BRIC economies to ponder[M].Springer,New Delhi:Entrepreneurial Ecosystem,2015.
[5]ROSLI M M,MAHMOOD R.Moderating effects of human resource management practices and entrepreneur training on innovation and small-medium firm performance[J].Journal of Management and Strategy,2013,4(2):60-69.
[6]KURATKO D F,MORRIS M H,SCHINDEHUTTE M.Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches[J].Small Business Economics,2015,45(1):1-13.
[7]ADNER R,KAPOOR R.Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution:re-examining technology S-curves[J].Strategic Management Journal,2016,37(4):625-648.
[8]KSHETRI N.Developing successful entrepreneurial ecosystems:lessons from a comparison of an Asian tiger and a Baltic tiger[J].Baltic Journal of Management,2014,9(3):330-356.
[9]ROMANO A,PASSIANTE G,DEL VECCHIO P,et al.The innovation ecosystem as booster for the innovative entrepreneurship in the smart specialization strategy[J].International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development,2014,5(3):271-288.
[10]SURESH J,RAMRAJ R.Entrepreneurial ecosystem:case study on the influence of environmental factors on entrepreneurial success[J].European Journal of Business and Management,2012,4(16):95-101.
[11]倪渊.新生代知识型员工离职倾向影响因素---基于互联网创业公司的实证研究[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,19(1):108-115.
[12]杨勇,王志杰.区域科技创业生态系统运行机制及政策仿真研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(12):99-108.
[13]单鹏,鞠晓峰,于楠楠,等.区域新知识创造对创业活动影响的空间动态研究[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(6):106-112.
[14]赵涛,刘文光,边伟军.科技创业生态群落要素构成与测度研究---基于结构方程模型的实证分析[J].经济问题,2011(10):28-32.
[15]SIRMON D G,HITT M A,ARREGLE J L,et al.The dynamic interplay of capability strengths and weaknesses:investigating the bases of temporary competitive advantage[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(13):1386-1409.
[16]ARDICHVILI A,CARDOZO R,RAY S.A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development[J].Journal of Business Venturing,2003,18(1):105-123.
[17]史容,殷红春,魏亚平.创业机会感知与创业动机对创业意向的影响---基于潜在科技型创业者的中介效应模型[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2016,18(5):105-110.
[18]MURPHY P J.A 2×2 conceptual foundation for entrepreneurial discovery theory[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2011,35(2):359-374.
[19]TIMMONS J A,SPINELLI S.New venture creation:entrepreneurship for the 21st century[M].Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin,1994.
[20]毛基业,苏芳.案例研究的理论贡献---中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2015)综述[J].管理世界,2016,31(2):128-132.
[21]欧阳桃花.试论工商管理学科的案例研究方法[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2):100-105.
[22]PAN S L,TAN B.Demystifying case research:a Structured-Pragmatic-Situational(SPS)approach to conducting case studies[J].Information And Organization,2011,21(3):161-176.
[23]张玲斌,董正英.创业生态系统内的种间协同效应研究[J].生态经济,2014,30(5):103-105.
[24]SARASVATHY S D,DEW N,VELAMURI S R,et al.Three views of entrepreneurial opportunity[M].Springer,Boston:Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research,2010.
[25]方世建.试析效果逻辑的理论渊源,核心内容与发展走向(续)[J].外国经济与管理,2012,34(2):10-16.