义和团运动中揭帖漫画的内容及艺术特色论略
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摘要
在义和团反帝爱国运动中所出现的揭帖漫画被大量使用,《鬼拜猪精图》《射猪斩羊图》《雷击猪羊图》《谨防鬼计图》《舟扇齐心图》等是其中具有代表性的作品。这些揭帖漫画在各地广为流传,有力地推动了全国反洋教运动的迅速开展。揭帖漫画在中国传统年画的艺术表现手法基础上,辅以夸张、象征、变形、暗示、影射的方法,构成讽刺或幽默的画面,以实现讽刺、揭露和批判的宣传效果,其艺术表现手法对中国近代漫画的发展具有某种先导的作用,是中国漫画艺术发展史上一个重要的过渡阶段。
Caricatures are widely used during the patriotic Boxer Rebellion. Typical examples include A Ghost Worshiping a Pig Monster,Butchering Pigs and Sheep,Lightning Striking Livestock,Alert of Cheating Tricks,Boatmen Striking Heart and Soul,and so on. These caricatures spread throughout the nation and effectively promote Anti-Catholics Movement. Based on the artistic skills employed in traditional Chinese Lunar Year paintings,these caricatures also resort to exaggeration,symbolism,deformation,hint and irony. They constitute satirical or humorous pictures to achieve satirical,disclosing and critical propaganda publicity. This artistic expression plays a leading role in the development of modern Chinese comics,and is an important transitional stage in Chinese cartoon history.
Caricatures are widely used during the patriotic Boxer Rebellion. Typical examples include A Ghost Worshiping a Pig Monster,Butchering Pigs and Sheep,Lightning Striking Livestock,Alert of Cheating Tricks,Boatmen Striking Heart and Soul,and so on. These caricatures spread throughout the nation and effectively promote Anti-Catholics Movement. Based on the artistic skills employed in traditional Chinese Lunar Year paintings,these caricatures also resort to exaggeration,symbolism,deformation,hint and irony. They constitute satirical or humorous pictures to achieve satirical,disclosing and critical propaganda publicity. This artistic expression plays a leading role in the development of modern Chinese comics,and is an important transitional stage in Chinese cartoon history.
引文
[1]王明伦.义和团资料丛编——反洋教书文揭帖选[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1984:174.
[2]胡维革,郑权.文化冲突与反洋教斗争——中国近代“教案”的文化透视[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),1996(1):20-29.
[3]王佩良.中国近代漫画史迹寻踪——外交风云[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2004:102.
[4]黄远林.百年漫画(上)[M].北京:现代出版社,2000:8.
[5]王充.论衡[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1974:100.
[6]程歗.民间宗教与义和团揭帖[J].历史研究,1983(2):148-164.
[7]郭小安.谣言传播与社会心理——义和团运动时期谣言传播的心理学解读[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2):206-210.
[8]孙立新,刘宁.仪式和文本:义和团运动的宣传媒体[J].理论学刊,2009(11):91-97.
[9]王弼,撰.周易注校释[M].楼宇烈,校释.北京:中华书局,2012:239.
[10]王明伦.义和团资料丛编——反洋教书文揭帖选·前言[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1984:2.
(1)参见《山海经》,《二十二子》(缩印浙江书局会刻本),上海古籍出版社1986年版,第1376页。
(2)参见《山海经》,《二十二子》(缩印浙江书局会刻本),上海古籍出版社1986年版,第1381页。
[2]胡维革,郑权.文化冲突与反洋教斗争——中国近代“教案”的文化透视[J].东北师大学报(哲学社会科学版),1996(1):20-29.
[3]王佩良.中国近代漫画史迹寻踪——外交风云[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2004:102.
[4]黄远林.百年漫画(上)[M].北京:现代出版社,2000:8.
[5]王充.论衡[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1974:100.
[6]程歗.民间宗教与义和团揭帖[J].历史研究,1983(2):148-164.
[7]郭小安.谣言传播与社会心理——义和团运动时期谣言传播的心理学解读[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版),2008(2):206-210.
[8]孙立新,刘宁.仪式和文本:义和团运动的宣传媒体[J].理论学刊,2009(11):91-97.
[9]王弼,撰.周易注校释[M].楼宇烈,校释.北京:中华书局,2012:239.
[10]王明伦.义和团资料丛编——反洋教书文揭帖选·前言[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1984:2.
(1)参见《山海经》,《二十二子》(缩印浙江书局会刻本),上海古籍出版社1986年版,第1376页。
(2)参见《山海经》,《二十二子》(缩印浙江书局会刻本),上海古籍出版社1986年版,第1381页。