橡胶树叶片不同发育时期SPAD值及叶色动态变化
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摘要
以橡胶树12个无性系为试验材料,测定叶片从萌动至脱落整个生长周期的SPAD值及记录叶色的动态变化情况,绘制叶片SPAD值随生长时间的变化趋势图,比较分析无性系间叶片SPAD值及叶色动态变化过程的差异与联系,为橡胶树叶片物候期划分提供理论参考。结果表明,橡胶树叶片SPAD值随时间的变化趋势可以分成3个阶段:上升阶段、稳定阶段和下降阶段。叶片颜色在各阶段的表现差异明显,上升阶段包括古铜色、古铜-浅黄色过渡色、浅黄色、淡绿色及绿色,平稳阶段只含深绿色,下降阶段包括深绿-绿带紫过渡色、绿带紫色、黄带红色及黄色。不同物候期无性系间历时时长存在较大差异,且对应的SPAD值差异也较大。186、272、314、277及620等5个无性系萌动至浅色期持续时间较短,而深绿色期持续时间较长,且整个生长期SPAD值相对较高;而551、552及553等3个无性系萌动至浅色期持续时间较长,深绿色期持续时间较短,且整个生长期SPAD值相对较低。建议根据橡胶树叶片SPAD值与叶色相结合将橡胶树叶片生长物候划分成3个阶段11个时期,包括萌动期、古铜期、变色期、浅色期、淡绿期、绿色期;深绿色期;深绿-绿带紫过渡期、绿带紫色期、黄带红色期及脱落期。
This paper studied dynamic changes of SPAD values and leaf colors of 12 Hevea brasiliensis clones during the whole leaf growth period.The variation trend of SPAD values with the growth time was plotted.The difference and relationship of dynamic change process between SPAD value and leaf color were analyzed to provide theoretical reference for the phenological classification of H.brasiliensisleaves.The results showed that the change trend of SPAD values of H.brasiliensis leaves with the growth time could be divided into three stages,namely ascending,stable and descending stages.The difference of leaf color in each stage was obvious:the ascending stage included bronze,bronze-light yellow transition color,light yellow,light green and green;the stable stage contained only bottle green;and the descending stage included bottle green-green with purple transition color,green with purple,yellow with red and yellow.There were significant differences in duration of different phenological periods and corresponding SPAD values in H.brasiliensis clones.Five clones(clone 186,272,314,277 and 620)showed a shorter duration from germination to light color period,but longer duration in the bottle green period.SPAD values were relativelyhigh during the whole growth period.However,three clones(clone 551,552 and 553)showed the contrary results.It was suggested to divide the growth phenology of H.brasiliensis leaves into 3stages and 11 periods by the combination of SPAD value and leaf color,including germination,bronze,discoloration,light-colored,light green,green periods of the first stage;bottle green period of the second stage;bottle greengreen with purple transition,green with purple,yellow with red and shedding period of the third stage.
This paper studied dynamic changes of SPAD values and leaf colors of 12 Hevea brasiliensis clones during the whole leaf growth period.The variation trend of SPAD values with the growth time was plotted.The difference and relationship of dynamic change process between SPAD value and leaf color were analyzed to provide theoretical reference for the phenological classification of H.brasiliensisleaves.The results showed that the change trend of SPAD values of H.brasiliensis leaves with the growth time could be divided into three stages,namely ascending,stable and descending stages.The difference of leaf color in each stage was obvious:the ascending stage included bronze,bronze-light yellow transition color,light yellow,light green and green;the stable stage contained only bottle green;and the descending stage included bottle green-green with purple transition color,green with purple,yellow with red and yellow.There were significant differences in duration of different phenological periods and corresponding SPAD values in H.brasiliensis clones.Five clones(clone 186,272,314,277 and 620)showed a shorter duration from germination to light color period,but longer duration in the bottle green period.SPAD values were relativelyhigh during the whole growth period.However,three clones(clone 551,552 and 553)showed the contrary results.It was suggested to divide the growth phenology of H.brasiliensis leaves into 3stages and 11 periods by the combination of SPAD value and leaf color,including germination,bronze,discoloration,light-colored,light green,green periods of the first stage;bottle green period of the second stage;bottle greengreen with purple transition,green with purple,yellow with red and shedding period of the third stage.
引文
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[8]范会雄,谭象生.橡胶树白粉病流行规律与防治技术[J].植物保护,1997,23(3):28-30.
[9]谭伏美,王树明.云南河口地区应用硫磺粉防治橡胶树白粉病技术总结[J].热带农业科学,2003,23(3):8-13.
[10]陈瑶,王伟,李坚.2008年春云南西双版纳气候异常导致橡胶树白粉病特重流行[J].热带农业科技,2008,31(4):14-16.
[11]黄有航,谭志琼,王寅寒,等.一株橡胶树白粉病生防菌的鉴定及在橡胶树叶片定殖规律研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):77-81.HUANG Y H,TAN Z Q,WANG Y H,et al.Identification of a bacterial isolate for biocontrol of the rubber tree powdery mildew and its colonization in rubber tree leaves[J].Plant Protection,2013,39(2):77-81.(in Chinese)
[12]李荣,郑俊萍.橡胶树白粉病发生及其防治措施[J].北京农业,2013(30):1-2.
[13]丁丽芬,马巾媛,杜华波,等.普洱橡胶树白粉病的发生及防治[J].中国农业信息月刊,2014(2):91.
[14]郭刚,黄华孙,张伟算,等.几种橡胶新品系对白粉病的抗性初步评价[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2000,6(4):5-9.
[15]陶仲华,罗微,林钊沐,等.高产新品种橡胶树不同物候期叶片大量元素含量研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1127-1130.TAO Z H,LUO W,LIN Z M,et al.Study on macro-element contents of leaves in new high-yield varieties of Hevea brasilensis at different phenophases[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(5):1127-1130.(in Chinese)
[16]梁尚朴,陈炳国.高州地区橡胶树叶蓬物候变化规律[J].热带农业科学,1985(4):19-24.
[17]董建华,孙明增.橡胶树整体叶片衰老的几项生理变化[J].热带作物学报,1989(1):1-8.
[18] MIGUEL A A,OLIVEIRA L E M D,CAIRO P A R,et al.Photosynthetic behaviour during the leaf ontogeny of rubber tree clones[Hevea brasiliensis(Wild.ex.Adr.de Juss.)Muell.Arg.],in Lavras,MG Comportamento fotossintético durante a ontogenia foliar de clones de seringueira[Hevea brasiliensis(Wild.ex.Adr.de Juss.)Muell.Arg.],em Lavras,MG[J].Ciência E Agrotecnologia,2007,31(1):91-97.
[19]袁紫倩,杨先裕,凌骅,等.薄壳山核桃‘马汉’叶片主要矿质营养元素生育期动态变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1443-1449.YUAN Z Q,YANG X Y,LING H,et al.Dynamic changes of leaves'main mineral elements in pecan‘Mahan’s growth period[J].Acta Botanica-Boreali Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(7):1443-1449.(in Chinese)
[20]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.
[21]李培旺,陈景震,张良波,等.蓖麻叶片内源激素变化对主花序开花结实的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):113-116.LI P W,CHEN J Z,ZHANG L B,et al.Effects of endogenous hormones changing in leaves on flowering and bearing of main inflorescence in ricinus communis[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2016,34(4):113-116.(in Chinese)
[22]卢素萍,赵铭钦,刘鹏飞,等.光质对烤烟叶片衰老过程中内源激素含量和膜脂过氧化的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):44-51.
[23]赵宇瑛,白远国,韩会军,等.生长季桃枝条与叶片花青素含量的动态变化[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(3):115-116.ZHAO Y Y,BAI Y G,HAN H J,et al.Dynamic changes during growth period of anthocyanidin content in annual branches and leaves of peach[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2006,3(3):115-116.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓芳,李萍,黄闽敏,等.红宝石海棠叶片花青素及叶绿素含量的影响因子[J].经济林研究,2007,25(1):38-41.
[25]梁振兴,李雁鸣.冬小麦生育期间叶片叶绿素含量的消长动态[J].中国农业大学学报,1992(Supp.1):16-20.
[26]李小琴,张凤良,胡永华,等.橡胶树不同叶位叶绿素空间分布特点[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):52-58.LI X Q,ZHANG F L,HU Y H,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of chlorophyll on different leaf positions in Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):52-58.(in Chinese)
[27]姜丽芬,石福臣,王化田,等.叶绿素计SPAD-502在林业上应用[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1543-1548.
[28]张凤良,毛常丽,李小琴,等.橡胶树优树无性系对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):67-72.ZHANG F L,MAO C L,LI X Q,et al.Physiological responses of Hevea brasiliensis plus tree clones to drought stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(4):67-72.(in Chinese)
[29]张凤良,李小琴,胡永华,等.橡胶树魏克汉种质资源生长与形质性状变异分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(1):65-75.ZHANG F L,LI X Q,HU Y H,et al.The variation analysis of growth and stem form quality traits from Wickham germplasm resources of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(1):65-75.(in Chinese)
[2]胡伟娟,王尚德,兰彦平,等.不同处理对盆栽两用桃开花的影响[J].经济林研究,2006,24(4):64-66.
[3]薛苹苹,郭连金,肖志鹏,等.不同种群香果树开花物候及繁殖器官数量特征[J].南开大学学报:自然科学版,2016,49(3):88-97.XUE P P,GUO L J,XIAO Z P,et al.Flowering phenology and reproductive characteristics of an endangered plant Emmenopterys henryi[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis,2016,49(3):88-97.(in Chinese)
[4]马芳,王俊,王姮,等.文冠果树花部形态与开花物候的研究[J].北方园艺,2014(22):80-84.MA F,WANG J,WANG H,et al.Study on floral characters and flowering phenology in Xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge[J].Northern Horticulture,2014(22):80-84.(in Chinese)
[5]谢小波,求盈盈,戚行江,等.杨梅果实有机酸成分及含量动态变化[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(4):787-790.XIE X B,QIU Y Y,QI X J,et al.Analysis on dynamic changes of organic acid components and their content in fruits of Myrica rubra[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2013,25(4):787-790.(in Chinese)
[6] GE C L,LIU K P,QU X Y,et al.Variation of sugar,acid and vitamin C contents in fruit development in different types of kiwifruit[J].Agricultural Science&Technology,2013(12):1772-1774.
[7]莫善文.物候与割胶(国外文献综述)[J].世界热带农业信息,1979(4):9-13.
[8]范会雄,谭象生.橡胶树白粉病流行规律与防治技术[J].植物保护,1997,23(3):28-30.
[9]谭伏美,王树明.云南河口地区应用硫磺粉防治橡胶树白粉病技术总结[J].热带农业科学,2003,23(3):8-13.
[10]陈瑶,王伟,李坚.2008年春云南西双版纳气候异常导致橡胶树白粉病特重流行[J].热带农业科技,2008,31(4):14-16.
[11]黄有航,谭志琼,王寅寒,等.一株橡胶树白粉病生防菌的鉴定及在橡胶树叶片定殖规律研究[J].植物保护,2013,39(2):77-81.HUANG Y H,TAN Z Q,WANG Y H,et al.Identification of a bacterial isolate for biocontrol of the rubber tree powdery mildew and its colonization in rubber tree leaves[J].Plant Protection,2013,39(2):77-81.(in Chinese)
[12]李荣,郑俊萍.橡胶树白粉病发生及其防治措施[J].北京农业,2013(30):1-2.
[13]丁丽芬,马巾媛,杜华波,等.普洱橡胶树白粉病的发生及防治[J].中国农业信息月刊,2014(2):91.
[14]郭刚,黄华孙,张伟算,等.几种橡胶新品系对白粉病的抗性初步评价[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2000,6(4):5-9.
[15]陶仲华,罗微,林钊沐,等.高产新品种橡胶树不同物候期叶片大量元素含量研究[J].土壤通报,2009,40(5):1127-1130.TAO Z H,LUO W,LIN Z M,et al.Study on macro-element contents of leaves in new high-yield varieties of Hevea brasilensis at different phenophases[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2009,40(5):1127-1130.(in Chinese)
[16]梁尚朴,陈炳国.高州地区橡胶树叶蓬物候变化规律[J].热带农业科学,1985(4):19-24.
[17]董建华,孙明增.橡胶树整体叶片衰老的几项生理变化[J].热带作物学报,1989(1):1-8.
[18] MIGUEL A A,OLIVEIRA L E M D,CAIRO P A R,et al.Photosynthetic behaviour during the leaf ontogeny of rubber tree clones[Hevea brasiliensis(Wild.ex.Adr.de Juss.)Muell.Arg.],in Lavras,MG Comportamento fotossintético durante a ontogenia foliar de clones de seringueira[Hevea brasiliensis(Wild.ex.Adr.de Juss.)Muell.Arg.],em Lavras,MG[J].Ciência E Agrotecnologia,2007,31(1):91-97.
[19]袁紫倩,杨先裕,凌骅,等.薄壳山核桃‘马汉’叶片主要矿质营养元素生育期动态变化特征[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(7):1443-1449.YUAN Z Q,YANG X Y,LING H,et al.Dynamic changes of leaves'main mineral elements in pecan‘Mahan’s growth period[J].Acta Botanica-Boreali Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(7):1443-1449.(in Chinese)
[20]刘茂桥,潘学军,张文娥,等.铁核桃叶片主要矿质营养元素含量与生育期动态变化特征[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2016,38(1):162-170.
[21]李培旺,陈景震,张良波,等.蓖麻叶片内源激素变化对主花序开花结实的影响[J].经济林研究,2016,34(4):113-116.LI P W,CHEN J Z,ZHANG L B,et al.Effects of endogenous hormones changing in leaves on flowering and bearing of main inflorescence in ricinus communis[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2016,34(4):113-116.(in Chinese)
[22]卢素萍,赵铭钦,刘鹏飞,等.光质对烤烟叶片衰老过程中内源激素含量和膜脂过氧化的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):44-51.
[23]赵宇瑛,白远国,韩会军,等.生长季桃枝条与叶片花青素含量的动态变化[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2006,3(3):115-116.ZHAO Y Y,BAI Y G,HAN H J,et al.Dynamic changes during growth period of anthocyanidin content in annual branches and leaves of peach[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2006,3(3):115-116.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓芳,李萍,黄闽敏,等.红宝石海棠叶片花青素及叶绿素含量的影响因子[J].经济林研究,2007,25(1):38-41.
[25]梁振兴,李雁鸣.冬小麦生育期间叶片叶绿素含量的消长动态[J].中国农业大学学报,1992(Supp.1):16-20.
[26]李小琴,张凤良,胡永华,等.橡胶树不同叶位叶绿素空间分布特点[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(5):52-58.LI X Q,ZHANG F L,HU Y H,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of chlorophyll on different leaf positions in Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(5):52-58.(in Chinese)
[27]姜丽芬,石福臣,王化田,等.叶绿素计SPAD-502在林业上应用[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1543-1548.
[28]张凤良,毛常丽,李小琴,等.橡胶树优树无性系对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(4):67-72.ZHANG F L,MAO C L,LI X Q,et al.Physiological responses of Hevea brasiliensis plus tree clones to drought stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(4):67-72.(in Chinese)
[29]张凤良,李小琴,胡永华,等.橡胶树魏克汉种质资源生长与形质性状变异分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2018,19(1):65-75.ZHANG F L,LI X Q,HU Y H,et al.The variation analysis of growth and stem form quality traits from Wickham germplasm resources of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2018,19(1):65-75.(in Chinese)