井下作业中管柱上窜案例分析及应对措施
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摘要
井下作业中,管柱上窜具有隐蔽性和突发性,极易引发井控事故,当前对井下作业中管柱上窜的原因分析和应对措施方面的研究较少。通过现场典型案例对管柱上窜进行原因分析,得出在不同工况下发生管柱上窜的主要原因是井内气侵、活塞效应和循环压差。结合以上原因有针对性地配备了防上窜短节、顶部压盖和预装式液压防上窜装置以防止管柱上窜,并对三种应急装备的作用机理和适用范围进行了分析,利用以上结论和装备对Y-1井进行实例应用与分析。结果表明:利用管柱上窜计算公式可以预判事故的发生,应急装备能有效控制管柱上窜。下一步应加大计算公式和现场应急装备的推广及应用并做出优化。
In the downhole operation,string channeling are covert and unexpected,which can easily lead to well control accidents,while there are few studies on the causes of the current downhole operation in string channeling analysis and response measures. Through analysis on the causes of the string channeling via typical cases in the field,it is concluded that the main reasons for the occurrence of the string channeling in different downhole operation are gas cut,piston effect and circulating pressure difference.Combined with the above reasons,the anti-channeling short section,top gland and preloaded hydraulic anti-channeling device are provided to prevent string channeling. The mechanism and application scope of the three kinds of emergency equipments are analyzed. The above conclusions and equipment are applied to well Y-1 wells for analysis. The results show that the calculation formula can be used to predict the occurrence of string channeling accidents and emergency equipment can effectively control the string channeling. The formula and emergency equipment shall be further promoted and optimized in the next step.
In the downhole operation,string channeling are covert and unexpected,which can easily lead to well control accidents,while there are few studies on the causes of the current downhole operation in string channeling analysis and response measures. Through analysis on the causes of the string channeling via typical cases in the field,it is concluded that the main reasons for the occurrence of the string channeling in different downhole operation are gas cut,piston effect and circulating pressure difference.Combined with the above reasons,the anti-channeling short section,top gland and preloaded hydraulic anti-channeling device are provided to prevent string channeling. The mechanism and application scope of the three kinds of emergency equipments are analyzed. The above conclusions and equipment are applied to well Y-1 wells for analysis. The results show that the calculation formula can be used to predict the occurrence of string channeling accidents and emergency equipment can effectively control the string channeling. The formula and emergency equipment shall be further promoted and optimized in the next step.
引文
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[3]焦金生,赵俊月,崔玉红,等.油层套管上窜原因分析及治理措施[J].石油和化工设备,2015,(7):51-52.Jiao Jinsheng,Zhao Junyue,Cui Yuhong,et al.Analysis of Production Casing Ascending Factors and Control Measures[J].Petro&Chemical Equipment,2015,(7):51-52.
[4]李子丰.油气井杆管柱力学及其应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.Li Zifeng.Tubular Mechanics in Oil-Gas Wells and Its Applications[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007.
[5]禹华谦.工程流体力学(水力学)[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,2013.Yu Huaqian.Engineering Fluid Mechanics(Hydraulics)[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,2013.
[6]刘传刚,包陈义,左凯,等.砾石充填服务管柱防窜力学分析及解决方案[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):176Liu Chuangang,Bao Chenyi,Zuo Kai,et al.Mechanical Analyses on and Solutions to Anti-channeling for Gravelpacking Completion String[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):176-180.
[7]张琴,张慢来,周志宏,等.井下射孔冲击波传递过程及管柱的移动模拟[J].长江大学学报:自然科学版,2015,12(4):45-47.Zhang Qin,Zhang Manlai,Zhou Zhihong,et al.Simulation of Downhole Perforating Shock Transfer Process and String Moving[J].Journal of Yangtze University:Natural Science Edition,2015,12(4):45-47.
[8]刘春花,刘峰,綦耀光,等.井液流动产生的作用力及其对杆柱受力影响[J].石油矿场机械,2009,38(12):34-38.Liu Chunhua,Liu Feng,Qi Yaoguang,et al.Force of Oil Flow and Its Effect on the Stress of Sucker Rod[J].Oil Field Equipment,2009,38(12):34-38.
[9]万仁溥.现代完井工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Wan Renpu.Advanced Well Completion Engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[10]丁鹏,闫相祯.高压注水管柱受力分析[J].石油钻探技术,2005,33(6):47-50.Ding Peng,Yan Xiangzhen.Force Analysis of High Pressure Water Injection String[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2005,33(6):47-50.
[11]练章华,林铁军,刘健,等.水平井完井管柱力学-数学模型建立[J].天然气工业,2006,26(7):61-64.Lian Zhanghua,Lin Tiejun,Liu Jian,et al.MechanicalMathematic Models Developed for Completion Strings of Horizontal Wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(7):61-64.
[12]孙士慧,闫铁,于国庆,等.关井期间连续气侵气泡在井筒的运态运移分析[J].数学的实践与认识,2015,45(17):141-146.Sun Shihui,Yan Tie,Yu Guoqing,et al.Wellbore Flow Analysis of Continuous Gas Invasion During Shut-in[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2015,45(17):141-146.
[13]单祖辉,谢传锋.工程力学(静力学与材料力学)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.Shan Zuhui,Xie Chuanfeng.Engineering Mechanics(Static and Material Mechanics)[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004.
[14]王建波.大港油田钻井液完井液优化设计研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2009.Wang Jianbo.Research of Optimization Design of Drilling and Completion Fluid in Dagang Oil Field[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum,2009.