旱涝胁迫对棉花根系生长的影响
|
摘要
为探究旱涝胁迫对棉花花铃期及吐絮期根系的影响,于2016年在武汉大学灌溉排水试验场开展了受旱、受涝及旱涝急转胁迫测坑试验,使用微根管系统对根系进行了原位生长过程监测,并用挖掘法对结果进行了验证。结果表明:通过微根管观测图片所获取的根系信息,代表了根管周围3.3 mm透视厚度土层的根系状况;从蕾期至吐絮期内,根系生长呈"S"型曲线,其中花铃期根系生长发育最快;0~30 cm是根系主要分布区域,约占根系总量的70%~80%;不同旱涝胁迫处理下总根长及总根表面积从大到小的顺序为受涝组>旱转涝组>正常组>受旱组;涝渍导致表层根系大量繁殖,特别是根粗为0.2~0.4 mm的根系生长;干旱使得棉花根长密度变小,径变粗,深层根系生长加速、占比上升,根系重心下移;旱转涝后根系指标增速大于对照组,证明后期受涝对前期受旱在根系生长方面具有补偿效应。
To clarify the effects of drought and waterlogging stress on root of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stages,an experiment with drought,waterlogging and abrupt drought-flood treatments was carried out in the Irrigation and Drainage Experiment Station of Wuhan University in2016. Minirhizotron systems were used to conduct in situ and long-time monitoring of root systems and digging method was used to validate the obtained data. The images obtained by minirhizotron were equivalent to a 3.3 mm depth of field( DOF) around the tube. From the squaring stage to boll opening stage,root growth resembled an S-shaped curve,with the fastest growth in the flowering stage. The cotton roots were mainly distributed in 0-30 cm soil layer,accounting for 70%-80% of the total amount of the roots. The total root length and total root surface area under different treatments were in the order of waterlogging > waterlogging after drought > control > drought.Waterlogging led to rapid growth of roots at the upper soil layer,especially for those with diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm. Drought decreased root length density,increased root diameter and the proportion of roots in deeper layers,which caused the barycenter of the roots to move downwards. The root growth rate was larger in the drought treatment followed by waterlogging treatment compared to the control group,implying that waterlogging has a compensatory effect on root growth following previous drought stress.
To clarify the effects of drought and waterlogging stress on root of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stages,an experiment with drought,waterlogging and abrupt drought-flood treatments was carried out in the Irrigation and Drainage Experiment Station of Wuhan University in2016. Minirhizotron systems were used to conduct in situ and long-time monitoring of root systems and digging method was used to validate the obtained data. The images obtained by minirhizotron were equivalent to a 3.3 mm depth of field( DOF) around the tube. From the squaring stage to boll opening stage,root growth resembled an S-shaped curve,with the fastest growth in the flowering stage. The cotton roots were mainly distributed in 0-30 cm soil layer,accounting for 70%-80% of the total amount of the roots. The total root length and total root surface area under different treatments were in the order of waterlogging > waterlogging after drought > control > drought.Waterlogging led to rapid growth of roots at the upper soil layer,especially for those with diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm. Drought decreased root length density,increased root diameter and the proportion of roots in deeper layers,which caused the barycenter of the roots to move downwards. The root growth rate was larger in the drought treatment followed by waterlogging treatment compared to the control group,implying that waterlogging has a compensatory effect on root growth following previous drought stress.
引文
白文明,程维信,李凌浩.2005.微根窗技术及其在植物根系研究中的应用.生态学报,25(11):3076-3081.
蔡昆争.2011.作物根系生理生态学.北京:化学工业出版社.
陈文岭,靳孟贵,刘延锋,等.2017.微根管法监测膜下滴灌棉花根系生长动态.农业工程学报,33(2):87-93.
程伦国,王修贵,朱建强,等.2006.多过程连续涝渍胁迫对棉花产量的影响.中国农村水利水电,(8):59-61.
韩会玲,康凤君.2001.水分胁迫对棉花生产影响的试验研究.农业工程学报,17(3):37-40.
胡江龙,郭林涛,王友华,等.2013.棉花渍害恢复的生理指示指标探讨.中国农业科学,46(21):4446-4453.
李慧伶,王修贵,程伦国,等.2005.多阶段受涝渍综合影响的农田排水指标试验研究.灌溉排水学报,24(4):1-4.
李少昆,王崇桃.2000.北疆高产棉花根系构型与动态建成的研究.棉花学报,12(2):67-72.
廖荣伟,刘晶淼,安顺清,等.2010.基于微根管技术的玉米根系生长监测.农业工程学报,26(10):156-161.
牟筱玲,鲍啸.2003.土壤水分胁迫对棉花叶片水分状况及光合作用的影响.中国棉花,30(9):9-10.
慕自新,张岁岐,郝文芳,等.2005.玉米根系形态性状和空间分布对水分利用效率的调控.生态学报,25(11):2895-2900.
平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.2012.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展.棉花学报,24(2):183-190.
钱龙,王修贵,罗文兵,等.2015.涝渍胁迫对棉花形态与产量的影响.农业机械学报,46(10):136-143.
邱新强,高阳,黄玲,等.2013.冬小麦根系形态性状及分布.中国农业科学,46(11):2211-2219.
全先奎,于水强,史建伟,等.2007.微根管法和同位素法在细根寿命研究中的应用及比较.生态学杂志,26(3):428-434.
伯姆.1985.根系研究法.北京:科学出版社.
吴伊波,车荣晓,马双,等.2014.高寒草甸植被细根生产和周转的比较研究.生态学报,34(13):3529-3537.
徐道青,郑曙峰,王维,等.2016.棉花遭受涝渍胁迫后的快速恢复技术.安徽农业科学,44(25):24-27.
闫映宇,赵成义,盛钰,等.2009.膜下滴灌对棉花根系、地上部分生物量及产量的影响.应用生态学报,20(4):970-976.
俞希根,孙景生.1999.棉花适宜土壤水分下限和干旱指标研究.棉花学报,(1):35-38.
张立桢,曹卫星,张思平,等.2005.棉花根系生长和空间分布特征.植物生态学报,29(2):266-273.
张志山,李新荣,张景光,等.2006.用Minirhizotrons观测柠条根系生长动态.植物生态学报,30(3):457-464.
周青云,王仰仁,孙书洪.2011.根系分区交替滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布特征及生长动态.农业机械学报,42(9):59-63.
朱建强,欧光华,张文英,等.2003.棉花花铃期涝渍相随对棉花产量的试验研究.农业工程学报,19(4):80-83.
邹鹏飞,原保忠,胡晓东,等.2017.蕾期涝渍胁迫对盆栽棉花生长和产量特性的影响.灌溉排水学报,(9):7-12.
Carefoot JM,Major DJ.1994.Effect of irrigation application depth on cereal production in the semi-arid climate of southern Alberta.Irrigation Science,15:9-16.
Cheng W,Coleman DC,Box JEJ.1990.Root dynamics,production and distribution in agroecosystems on the Georgia Piedmont using minirhizotrons.Journal of Applied Ecology,27:592-604.
Himmelbauer ML.2004.Estimating length,average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems.Plant and Soil,260:111-120.
Price AH,Steele KA,Moore BJ,et al.2002.Upland rice grown in soil-filled chambers and exposed to contrasting water-deficit regimes.I.Root distribution,water use and plant water status.Field Crops Research,76:11-24.
蔡昆争.2011.作物根系生理生态学.北京:化学工业出版社.
陈文岭,靳孟贵,刘延锋,等.2017.微根管法监测膜下滴灌棉花根系生长动态.农业工程学报,33(2):87-93.
程伦国,王修贵,朱建强,等.2006.多过程连续涝渍胁迫对棉花产量的影响.中国农村水利水电,(8):59-61.
韩会玲,康凤君.2001.水分胁迫对棉花生产影响的试验研究.农业工程学报,17(3):37-40.
胡江龙,郭林涛,王友华,等.2013.棉花渍害恢复的生理指示指标探讨.中国农业科学,46(21):4446-4453.
李慧伶,王修贵,程伦国,等.2005.多阶段受涝渍综合影响的农田排水指标试验研究.灌溉排水学报,24(4):1-4.
李少昆,王崇桃.2000.北疆高产棉花根系构型与动态建成的研究.棉花学报,12(2):67-72.
廖荣伟,刘晶淼,安顺清,等.2010.基于微根管技术的玉米根系生长监测.农业工程学报,26(10):156-161.
牟筱玲,鲍啸.2003.土壤水分胁迫对棉花叶片水分状况及光合作用的影响.中国棉花,30(9):9-10.
慕自新,张岁岐,郝文芳,等.2005.玉米根系形态性状和空间分布对水分利用效率的调控.生态学报,25(11):2895-2900.
平文超,张永江,刘连涛,等.2012.棉花根系生长分布及生理特性的研究进展.棉花学报,24(2):183-190.
钱龙,王修贵,罗文兵,等.2015.涝渍胁迫对棉花形态与产量的影响.农业机械学报,46(10):136-143.
邱新强,高阳,黄玲,等.2013.冬小麦根系形态性状及分布.中国农业科学,46(11):2211-2219.
全先奎,于水强,史建伟,等.2007.微根管法和同位素法在细根寿命研究中的应用及比较.生态学杂志,26(3):428-434.
伯姆.1985.根系研究法.北京:科学出版社.
吴伊波,车荣晓,马双,等.2014.高寒草甸植被细根生产和周转的比较研究.生态学报,34(13):3529-3537.
徐道青,郑曙峰,王维,等.2016.棉花遭受涝渍胁迫后的快速恢复技术.安徽农业科学,44(25):24-27.
闫映宇,赵成义,盛钰,等.2009.膜下滴灌对棉花根系、地上部分生物量及产量的影响.应用生态学报,20(4):970-976.
俞希根,孙景生.1999.棉花适宜土壤水分下限和干旱指标研究.棉花学报,(1):35-38.
张立桢,曹卫星,张思平,等.2005.棉花根系生长和空间分布特征.植物生态学报,29(2):266-273.
张志山,李新荣,张景光,等.2006.用Minirhizotrons观测柠条根系生长动态.植物生态学报,30(3):457-464.
周青云,王仰仁,孙书洪.2011.根系分区交替滴灌条件下葡萄根系分布特征及生长动态.农业机械学报,42(9):59-63.
朱建强,欧光华,张文英,等.2003.棉花花铃期涝渍相随对棉花产量的试验研究.农业工程学报,19(4):80-83.
邹鹏飞,原保忠,胡晓东,等.2017.蕾期涝渍胁迫对盆栽棉花生长和产量特性的影响.灌溉排水学报,(9):7-12.
Carefoot JM,Major DJ.1994.Effect of irrigation application depth on cereal production in the semi-arid climate of southern Alberta.Irrigation Science,15:9-16.
Cheng W,Coleman DC,Box JEJ.1990.Root dynamics,production and distribution in agroecosystems on the Georgia Piedmont using minirhizotrons.Journal of Applied Ecology,27:592-604.
Himmelbauer ML.2004.Estimating length,average diameter and surface area of roots using two different image analyses systems.Plant and Soil,260:111-120.
Price AH,Steele KA,Moore BJ,et al.2002.Upland rice grown in soil-filled chambers and exposed to contrasting water-deficit regimes.I.Root distribution,water use and plant water status.Field Crops Research,76:11-24.