利用快速S变换及2DPCA的同调机组识别
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摘要
提出一种基于快速S变换及二维主成分分析法(2DPCA)的机组同调识别方法。根据相量测量装置测得的电气运行变量计算得到机组实时功角信息,采用快速S变换将每台发电机的功角信号转换为时频特征模值矩阵,用2DPCA提取矩阵特征指标,并利用自组织神经网络实现机组同调分群。IEEE-39节点系统和加纳实际电网系统算例表明,该方法能够很好消除噪声影响,充分提取功角信息时频域特征,准确识别系统机组同调性。
This paper presents an identification method for coherent generators based on fast S-transform and two-dimensional principal component analysis(2 DPCA). Real-time power angles of the generators are calculated with electrical operating variables measured with phasor measurement unit(PMU). The power angle signal of each generator is converted to a time-frequency characteristic matrix using fast S-transform. The matrix feature is extracted with two-dimensional PCA and grouped with self-organizing neural network. Examples of IEEE-39 node system and a Ghana's actual grid system show that this method can identify coherent generators accurately with the feature of effectively eliminating influence of noise and fully extracting the time-frequency characteristics of power angle information.
This paper presents an identification method for coherent generators based on fast S-transform and two-dimensional principal component analysis(2 DPCA). Real-time power angles of the generators are calculated with electrical operating variables measured with phasor measurement unit(PMU). The power angle signal of each generator is converted to a time-frequency characteristic matrix using fast S-transform. The matrix feature is extracted with two-dimensional PCA and grouped with self-organizing neural network. Examples of IEEE-39 node system and a Ghana's actual grid system show that this method can identify coherent generators accurately with the feature of effectively eliminating influence of noise and fully extracting the time-frequency characteristics of power angle information.
引文
[1]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮.考虑同调约束的电力系统主动解列断面的搜索方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):49-54.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang.A searching method for power system controlled islanding surfaces considering coherency constraint[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):49-54(in Chinese).
[2]廖庭坚,刘光晔,雷强,等.计及电动机负荷的电力系统动态等值分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1442-1446.Liao Tingjian,Liu Guangye,Lei Qiang,et al.Analysis of dynamic equivalence with consideration of motor loads in power systems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1442-1446(in Chinese).
[3]Jabari F,Seyedi H,Ravadanegh S N.Online aggregation of coherent generators based on electrical parameters of synchronous generators[C]//International Power System Conference.2015.
[4]谭伟,沈沉,李颖,等.基于轨迹特征根的机组分群方法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(1):8-14.Tan Wei,Shen Chen,Li Ying,et al.A generator groups identification method based on trajectory eigenvalues[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(1):8-14(in Chinese).
[5]Ma Zhenbin,Ding Lei,Liu Zhifan,et al.The application of a generator coherency identification method based on linearization in complex power system[C]//Electricity Distribution(CICED),2016China International Conference on.2016:1-5.
[6]潘炜,刘文颖,杨以涵.采用受扰轨迹和独立分量分析技术识别同调机群的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):86-92.Pan Wei,Liu Wenying,Yang Yihan.Method of identifying coherent generator groups by independent component analysis through perturbed trajectories[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):86-92(in Chinese).
[7]Guo T,Milanovic J V.Online identification of power system dynamic signature using PMU measurements and data mining[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(3):1760-1768.
[8]Aghamohammadi M R,Tabandeh S M.A new approach for online coherency identification in power systems based on correlation characteristics of generators rotor oscillations[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2016(83):470-484.
[9]史坤鹏,穆钢,李婷,等.基于经验模式分解的聚类树方法及其在同调机组分群中的应用[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):21-25.Shi Kunpeng,Mu Gang,Li Ting,et al.Empirical mode decomposition based clustering-tree method and its application in coherency identification of generating sets[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(22):21-25(in Chinese).
[10]冯康恒,张艳霞,刘志雄,等.基于广域信息的同调机群在线识别方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2082-2086.Feng Kangheng,Zhang Yanxia,Liu Zhixiong,et al.A wide area information based online recognition of coherent generators in power system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2082-2086(in Chinese).
[11]张亚洲,张艳霞,蒙高鹏,等.基于广域信息的同调机群聚类识别方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2889-2893.Zhang Yazhou,Zhang Yanxia,Meng Gaopeng,et al.A wide area information based clustering recognition method of coherent generators[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2889-2893(in Chinese).
[12]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.基于WAMS和改进拉普拉斯特征映射的同调机群在线识别[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2157-2164.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.On-line identification of coherent generator based on WAMS and improved Laplacian Eigenmap algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2157-2164(in Chinese).
[13]Zhou Y,Hu W,Liu X.Coherency feature extraction based on DFT-based continuous wavelet transform[C]//Power and Energy Engineering Conference.2015.
[14]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,冀鲁豫.基于慢同调理论和希尔伯特-黄变换的发电机在线同调识别[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(8):70-76.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Ji Luyu.Online identification of coherent generators based on slow coherency theory and Hilbert-Huang transform[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(8):70-76(in Chinese).
[15]安军,穆钢,徐炜彬.基于主成分分析法的电力系统同调机群识别[J].电网技术,2009,33(3):25-28.An Jun,Mu Gang,Xu Weibin,et al.Recognition of power system coherent generators based on principal component analysis[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(3):25-28(in Chinese).
[16]姜涛,黄河,贾宏杰,等.基于投影寻踪最佳方向的同调机群识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):359-367.Jiang Tao,Huang He,Jia Hongjie,et al.Coherency identification through projection pursuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):359-367(in Chinese).
[17]吴兴扬,卫志农,孙国强,等.基于非负矩阵分解的同调机群识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):59-64.Wu Xingyang,Wei Zhinong,Sun Guoqiang,et al.A method for identifying coherent generators based on non-negative matrix factorization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(14):59-64(in Chinese).
[18]Yang J,Zhang D,Frangi A F,et al.Two-dimensional PCA:a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis&Machine Intelligence,2004,26(1):13-17.
[19]苟竞,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.一种基于发电机对相对能量的电力系统临界机群快速辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6322-6330.Gou Jing,Liu Junyong,Wei Zhenbo,et al.A fast approach to identify power system critical machines cluster based on relative energy of pair-wise generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6322-6330(in Chinese).
[20]汪可,廖瑞金,王季宇,等.局部放电UHF脉冲的时频特征提取与聚类分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(2):211-219.Wang Ke,Liao Ruijin,Wang Jiyu,et al.Time-frequency features extraction and clustering analysis of partial discharge uhf pulses[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(2):211-219(in Chinese).
[21]占勇,程浩忠,丁屹峰,等.基于S变换的电能质量扰动支持向量机分类识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):51-56.Zhan Yong,Cheng Haozhong,Ding Yifeng,et al.S-transform-based classification of power quality disturbance signals by support vector machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(4):51-56(in Chinese).
[22]Thangaraj K,Muruganandham J,Selvaumar S,et al.Analysis of harmonics using s-transform[C]//Emerging Trends in Engineering,Technology and Science(ICETETS),International Conference on.2016.
[23]颜雪军,赵春霞,袁夏,等.2DPCA-SIFT:一种有效的局部特征描述方法[J].自动化学报,2014,40(4):675-682.Yan Xuejun,Zhao Chunxia,Yuan Xia,et al.2DPCA-SIFT:an efficient local feature descriptor[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2014,40(4):675-682(in Chinese).
[24]苑津莎,张利伟,李中,等.基于互补免疫算法的变压器故障诊断[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):67-75.Yuan Jinsha,Zhang Liwei,Li Zhong,et al.Fault diagnosis of transformers based on complementary immune algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):67-75(in Chinese).
[25]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001:699-822.
[26]Asmah M W,Myrzik J M A,Ahunu B K.Power system expansion using renewable energy sources in Ghana[C]//IEEE PES Power Africa Conference.2017.
[27]Ariff M A M,Pal B C.Coherency identification in interconnected power system-an independent component analysis approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1747-1755.
[2]廖庭坚,刘光晔,雷强,等.计及电动机负荷的电力系统动态等值分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1442-1446.Liao Tingjian,Liu Guangye,Lei Qiang,et al.Analysis of dynamic equivalence with consideration of motor loads in power systems[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1442-1446(in Chinese).
[3]Jabari F,Seyedi H,Ravadanegh S N.Online aggregation of coherent generators based on electrical parameters of synchronous generators[C]//International Power System Conference.2015.
[4]谭伟,沈沉,李颖,等.基于轨迹特征根的机组分群方法[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(1):8-14.Tan Wei,Shen Chen,Li Ying,et al.A generator groups identification method based on trajectory eigenvalues[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(1):8-14(in Chinese).
[5]Ma Zhenbin,Ding Lei,Liu Zhifan,et al.The application of a generator coherency identification method based on linearization in complex power system[C]//Electricity Distribution(CICED),2016China International Conference on.2016:1-5.
[6]潘炜,刘文颖,杨以涵.采用受扰轨迹和独立分量分析技术识别同调机群的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(25):86-92.Pan Wei,Liu Wenying,Yang Yihan.Method of identifying coherent generator groups by independent component analysis through perturbed trajectories[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(25):86-92(in Chinese).
[7]Guo T,Milanovic J V.Online identification of power system dynamic signature using PMU measurements and data mining[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(3):1760-1768.
[8]Aghamohammadi M R,Tabandeh S M.A new approach for online coherency identification in power systems based on correlation characteristics of generators rotor oscillations[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2016(83):470-484.
[9]史坤鹏,穆钢,李婷,等.基于经验模式分解的聚类树方法及其在同调机组分群中的应用[J].电网技术,2007,31(22):21-25.Shi Kunpeng,Mu Gang,Li Ting,et al.Empirical mode decomposition based clustering-tree method and its application in coherency identification of generating sets[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(22):21-25(in Chinese).
[10]冯康恒,张艳霞,刘志雄,等.基于广域信息的同调机群在线识别方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2082-2086.Feng Kangheng,Zhang Yanxia,Liu Zhixiong,et al.A wide area information based online recognition of coherent generators in power system[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2082-2086(in Chinese).
[11]张亚洲,张艳霞,蒙高鹏,等.基于广域信息的同调机群聚类识别方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2889-2893.Zhang Yazhou,Zhang Yanxia,Meng Gaopeng,et al.A wide area information based clustering recognition method of coherent generators[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2889-2893(in Chinese).
[12]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.基于WAMS和改进拉普拉斯特征映射的同调机群在线识别[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2157-2164.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.On-line identification of coherent generator based on WAMS and improved Laplacian Eigenmap algorithm[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(8):2157-2164(in Chinese).
[13]Zhou Y,Hu W,Liu X.Coherency feature extraction based on DFT-based continuous wavelet transform[C]//Power and Energy Engineering Conference.2015.
[14]宋洪磊,吴俊勇,冀鲁豫.基于慢同调理论和希尔伯特-黄变换的发电机在线同调识别[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(8):70-76.Song Honglei,Wu Junyong,Ji Luyu.Online identification of coherent generators based on slow coherency theory and Hilbert-Huang transform[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(8):70-76(in Chinese).
[15]安军,穆钢,徐炜彬.基于主成分分析法的电力系统同调机群识别[J].电网技术,2009,33(3):25-28.An Jun,Mu Gang,Xu Weibin,et al.Recognition of power system coherent generators based on principal component analysis[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(3):25-28(in Chinese).
[16]姜涛,黄河,贾宏杰,等.基于投影寻踪最佳方向的同调机群识别方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):359-367.Jiang Tao,Huang He,Jia Hongjie,et al.Coherency identification through projection pursuit[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):359-367(in Chinese).
[17]吴兴扬,卫志农,孙国强,等.基于非负矩阵分解的同调机群识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(14):59-64.Wu Xingyang,Wei Zhinong,Sun Guoqiang,et al.A method for identifying coherent generators based on non-negative matrix factorization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(14):59-64(in Chinese).
[18]Yang J,Zhang D,Frangi A F,et al.Two-dimensional PCA:a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis&Machine Intelligence,2004,26(1):13-17.
[19]苟竞,刘俊勇,魏震波,等.一种基于发电机对相对能量的电力系统临界机群快速辨识方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(24):6322-6330.Gou Jing,Liu Junyong,Wei Zhenbo,et al.A fast approach to identify power system critical machines cluster based on relative energy of pair-wise generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(24):6322-6330(in Chinese).
[20]汪可,廖瑞金,王季宇,等.局部放电UHF脉冲的时频特征提取与聚类分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(2):211-219.Wang Ke,Liao Ruijin,Wang Jiyu,et al.Time-frequency features extraction and clustering analysis of partial discharge uhf pulses[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(2):211-219(in Chinese).
[21]占勇,程浩忠,丁屹峰,等.基于S变换的电能质量扰动支持向量机分类识别[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(4):51-56.Zhan Yong,Cheng Haozhong,Ding Yifeng,et al.S-transform-based classification of power quality disturbance signals by support vector machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(4):51-56(in Chinese).
[22]Thangaraj K,Muruganandham J,Selvaumar S,et al.Analysis of harmonics using s-transform[C]//Emerging Trends in Engineering,Technology and Science(ICETETS),International Conference on.2016.
[23]颜雪军,赵春霞,袁夏,等.2DPCA-SIFT:一种有效的局部特征描述方法[J].自动化学报,2014,40(4):675-682.Yan Xuejun,Zhao Chunxia,Yuan Xia,et al.2DPCA-SIFT:an efficient local feature descriptor[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2014,40(4):675-682(in Chinese).
[24]苑津莎,张利伟,李中,等.基于互补免疫算法的变压器故障诊断[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):67-75.Yuan Jinsha,Zhang Liwei,Li Zhong,et al.Fault diagnosis of transformers based on complementary immune algorithm[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):67-75(in Chinese).
[25]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001:699-822.
[26]Asmah M W,Myrzik J M A,Ahunu B K.Power system expansion using renewable energy sources in Ghana[C]//IEEE PES Power Africa Conference.2017.
[27]Ariff M A M,Pal B C.Coherency identification in interconnected power system-an independent component analysis approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1747-1755.