文冠果不同种源叶片结构对水分胁迫的差异性响应
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摘要
【目的】探究不同种源文冠果叶片解剖结构对水分胁迫的响应,了解其耐旱性差异,为节水耐旱型文冠果种源的筛选以及培育提供理论依据。【方法】以集中分布在华北地区的3个不同种源文冠果幼苗为研究对象,通过盆栽控水方法设置充足水分W1、正常供水W2、轻度干旱W3和重度干旱W4共4个水分梯度,采用石蜡切片技术,研究文冠果叶片解剖结构对水分胁迫的响应。【结果】随着干旱程度的加剧,3个种源均存在着不同程度的旱生结构;与河南种源相比,山西和河北种源上下表皮、角质层以及叶片结构紧密度(重度干旱)的响应能力更强,不同的是山西种源以较厚的叶肉组织,而河北种源以较发达的维管系统和较高的栅海比来响应干旱胁迫。【结论】不同种源文冠果的叶片解剖结构对水分胁迫的响应具有明显的差异性,其中山西和河北种源文冠果属于节水耐旱型文冠果种源。
[Objective]By means of exploring the response of leaf anatomical structure of different yellow horn( Xanthocera sorbifolium) provenances to water stress,this paper aims to understand the difference of drought tolerance, and provide the basis for the selection of water-saving and drought-tolerant provenances. [Method]In this paper,3 different provenances of yellow horn seedlings distributed in North China were studied,and 4 water gradients including sufficient water W1,normal water supply W2,mild drought W3 and severe drought W4 were set by potted water control method. The anatomical structure of the plant leaf was observed with paraffin section technique. [Result]With the intensification of drought stress,the yellow horn leaves of three provenances all had different degrees of xerophytic structure; compared with the X. sorbifolium of Henan provenances,the upper and lower epidermis,cuticle and leaf structure tightness( severe drought) of Shanxi and Hebei provenances had higher responsiveness. Shanxi provenance with thicker mesophyll tissue,Hebei provenance with more powerfulvascular system and the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue responded to drought stress.[Conclusion]The response of leaf anatomic structure to water stress is different in varied provenances.The X. sorbifolium of Shanxi and Hebei provenances belongs to water-saving and drought-tolerant type.
[Objective]By means of exploring the response of leaf anatomical structure of different yellow horn( Xanthocera sorbifolium) provenances to water stress,this paper aims to understand the difference of drought tolerance, and provide the basis for the selection of water-saving and drought-tolerant provenances. [Method]In this paper,3 different provenances of yellow horn seedlings distributed in North China were studied,and 4 water gradients including sufficient water W1,normal water supply W2,mild drought W3 and severe drought W4 were set by potted water control method. The anatomical structure of the plant leaf was observed with paraffin section technique. [Result]With the intensification of drought stress,the yellow horn leaves of three provenances all had different degrees of xerophytic structure; compared with the X. sorbifolium of Henan provenances,the upper and lower epidermis,cuticle and leaf structure tightness( severe drought) of Shanxi and Hebei provenances had higher responsiveness. Shanxi provenance with thicker mesophyll tissue,Hebei provenance with more powerfulvascular system and the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue responded to drought stress.[Conclusion]The response of leaf anatomic structure to water stress is different in varied provenances.The X. sorbifolium of Shanxi and Hebei provenances belongs to water-saving and drought-tolerant type.
引文
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[4] Kramer P T. Water relations of plants[M]. New York:Academic Press,1983.
[5]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005,22(增刊1):118-127.Li F L,Bao W K. Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(Suppl. 1):118-127.
[6] Liu Q,Li Z,Wu J. Research progress on leaf anatomical structure of plants under drought stress[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(1):4--7,14.
[7]张振师,薛智德,崔宏安,等.延安地区3种灌木叶旱性结构的解剖研究[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):32--35.Zhang Z S,Xue Z D,Cui H A,et al. Anatomical study of xeromorphism of the leaves in cuttings of three brushes in Yanan Region[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2004,19(1):32-35.
[8] England J R,Attiwill P M. Changes in leaf morphology and anatomy with tree age and height in the broadleaved evergreen species,Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.[J]. Trees,Structure and Function,2006,20:79--90.
[9]赵雪,张秀珍,牟洪香,等.文冠果幼苗叶片解剖结构和光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2017(13):38--44.Zhao X,Zhang X Z,Mu H X,et al. Effect of Drought Stress on anatomical structure and photosynthesis of Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves in seedling[J]. Northern Horticulture,2017(13):38--44.
[10]马小芬,王兴芳,李强,等.不同种源地文冠果叶片解剖结构比较及抗旱性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):92-96.Ma X F,Wang X F,Li Q,et al. The analysis of drought resistance and the comparison of anatomical structures of the leave of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge introduced from different regions[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(6):92-96.
[11]沈熙环.林木育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990.Shen X H. Forest breeding[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1990.
[12] Grossman B C,Gold M A,Dey D C. Restoration of hard mast species for wildlife in Missouri using precocious flowering oak in the Missouri River Floodplain,USA[J]. Agroforestry Systems,2003,59:3--10.
[13]周心智,王虹,张云.新的苗木繁育法:根生产法(RPM)[J].中国果菜,2008(5):17.Zhou X Z,Wang H,Zhang Y. New method of nursery stock breeding:root production method(RPM)[J]. China Fruit and Vegetable,2008(5):17.
[14] Wang X F,Hirafuji M. Modeling the relationship between yellow horn seedling growth and soil moisture content[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(4):70-76.
[15]吴丽君,李志辉,杨模华,等.赤皮青冈幼苗叶片解剖结构对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3619-3626.Wu L J,Li Z H,Yang M H,et al. Response of leaf anatomical characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3619--3626.
[16]方精云,费松林,樊拥军,等.贵州梵净山亮叶水青冈解剖特征的生态格局及主导因子分析[J].植物学报,2000,42(6):636--642.Fang J Y,Fei S L,Fan Y J, et al. Ecological patterns in anatomic characters of leaves and woods of Fagus lucida and their climatic control in Mountain Fanjingshan,Guizhou,China[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2000,42(6):636-642.
[17]何春霞,李吉跃,孟平,等. 4种高大树木的叶片性状及WUE随树高的变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5644-5654.He C X,Li J Y,Meng P,et al. Changes of leaf traits and WUE with crown height of four tall tree species[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(18):5644--5654.
[18]钟悦鸣,董芳宇,王文娟,等.不同生境胡杨叶片解剖特征及其适应可塑性[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(10):53-61.Zhong Y M, Dong F Y, Wang W J, et al. Anatomical characteristics and adaptability plasticity of Populus euphratica in different habitats[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(10):53-61.
[19]刘滨,彭励,郑丽萍,等.宁夏10种观赏罐木叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性综合评价[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1808-1816.Li B,Peng L,Zheng L P,et al. Drought resistance study of 10major ornamental shrub in Ningxia[J]. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2013,33(9):1808--1816.
[20] Sanford W G. Pineapple croplay concept and development[J].Better Crop Plant,1962,46:32-43.
[21]周桂玲,达利夏提,安争夕,等.新疆滨藜属植物叶表皮微形态学及叶的比较解剖学研究[J].干旱区研究,1995,12(3):34-37.Zhou G L, Dalixiati, An Z X, et al. Study on the micromorphology of leaf epidermis and the comparative anatomy of leaf of atriplex in Xinjing[J]. Arid Zone Research,1995,12(3):34--37.
[22]刘静涵,刘宣劭,金昊,等.美洲黑杨与青杨及其杂交子代的叶角度变化与解剖结构[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(2):11--21.Liu J H,Liu X S,Jin H,et al. Leaf angle change and anatomical structure of Populus deltoids,P. cathayana and their hybrid F1[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(2):11-21.
[23] Fisher J B,Tan H T W,Toh L P L. Xylem of rattans:vessel dimensions in climbing palms[J]. American Journal of Botany,2002,89(2):196--202.
[24]刘明光.中国自然地理图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2010.Liu M G. Chinese natural geography atlas[M]. Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,2010.
[25] Boanares D,Isaias R R M S,Sousa1 de H C,et al. Strategies of leaf water uptake based on anatomical traits[J]. Plant Biology,2018,20(6):848--856.
[26] Hao J,Yue N,Zheng C. Analysis of changes in anatomical characteristics and physiologic features of heteromorphic leaves in a desert tree,Populus euphratica[J]. Acta Physiol Plant,2017,39(8):1--11.
[27] Sack L,Cowan P D,Jaikumar N,et al. The ‘hydrology’of leaves:co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species[J]. Plant,Cell and Environment,2003,26(8):1343-1356.
[2]于海燕,周绍箕.文冠果油制备生物柴油的研究[J].中国油脂,2009,34(3):43-45.Yu H Y,Zhou S J. Preparation of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorblfolia Bunge seed oil[J]. China Oils and Fats,2009,34(3):43--45.
[3] Yu H,Fan S,Bi Q,et al. Seed morphology,oil content and fatty acid composition variability assessment in yellow horn(Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge)germplasm for optimum biodiesel production[J]. Industrial Crops and Products,2017,97:425-430.
[4] Kramer P T. Water relations of plants[M]. New York:Academic Press,1983.
[5]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应[J].植物学通报,2005,22(增刊1):118-127.Li F L,Bao W K. Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005,22(Suppl. 1):118-127.
[6] Liu Q,Li Z,Wu J. Research progress on leaf anatomical structure of plants under drought stress[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2016,17(1):4--7,14.
[7]张振师,薛智德,崔宏安,等.延安地区3种灌木叶旱性结构的解剖研究[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):32--35.Zhang Z S,Xue Z D,Cui H A,et al. Anatomical study of xeromorphism of the leaves in cuttings of three brushes in Yanan Region[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2004,19(1):32-35.
[8] England J R,Attiwill P M. Changes in leaf morphology and anatomy with tree age and height in the broadleaved evergreen species,Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.[J]. Trees,Structure and Function,2006,20:79--90.
[9]赵雪,张秀珍,牟洪香,等.文冠果幼苗叶片解剖结构和光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2017(13):38--44.Zhao X,Zhang X Z,Mu H X,et al. Effect of Drought Stress on anatomical structure and photosynthesis of Xanthoceras sorbifolium leaves in seedling[J]. Northern Horticulture,2017(13):38--44.
[10]马小芬,王兴芳,李强,等.不同种源地文冠果叶片解剖结构比较及抗旱性分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):92-96.Ma X F,Wang X F,Li Q,et al. The analysis of drought resistance and the comparison of anatomical structures of the leave of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge introduced from different regions[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(6):92-96.
[11]沈熙环.林木育种学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1990.Shen X H. Forest breeding[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1990.
[12] Grossman B C,Gold M A,Dey D C. Restoration of hard mast species for wildlife in Missouri using precocious flowering oak in the Missouri River Floodplain,USA[J]. Agroforestry Systems,2003,59:3--10.
[13]周心智,王虹,张云.新的苗木繁育法:根生产法(RPM)[J].中国果菜,2008(5):17.Zhou X Z,Wang H,Zhang Y. New method of nursery stock breeding:root production method(RPM)[J]. China Fruit and Vegetable,2008(5):17.
[14] Wang X F,Hirafuji M. Modeling the relationship between yellow horn seedling growth and soil moisture content[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2013,49(4):70-76.
[15]吴丽君,李志辉,杨模华,等.赤皮青冈幼苗叶片解剖结构对干旱胁迫的响应[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3619-3626.Wu L J,Li Z H,Yang M H,et al. Response of leaf anatomical characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings to drought stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(12):3619--3626.
[16]方精云,费松林,樊拥军,等.贵州梵净山亮叶水青冈解剖特征的生态格局及主导因子分析[J].植物学报,2000,42(6):636--642.Fang J Y,Fei S L,Fan Y J, et al. Ecological patterns in anatomic characters of leaves and woods of Fagus lucida and their climatic control in Mountain Fanjingshan,Guizhou,China[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2000,42(6):636-642.
[17]何春霞,李吉跃,孟平,等. 4种高大树木的叶片性状及WUE随树高的变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5644-5654.He C X,Li J Y,Meng P,et al. Changes of leaf traits and WUE with crown height of four tall tree species[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(18):5644--5654.
[18]钟悦鸣,董芳宇,王文娟,等.不同生境胡杨叶片解剖特征及其适应可塑性[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(10):53-61.Zhong Y M, Dong F Y, Wang W J, et al. Anatomical characteristics and adaptability plasticity of Populus euphratica in different habitats[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(10):53-61.
[19]刘滨,彭励,郑丽萍,等.宁夏10种观赏罐木叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性综合评价[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(9):1808-1816.Li B,Peng L,Zheng L P,et al. Drought resistance study of 10major ornamental shrub in Ningxia[J]. Acta Botanica BorealiOccidentalia Sinica,2013,33(9):1808--1816.
[20] Sanford W G. Pineapple croplay concept and development[J].Better Crop Plant,1962,46:32-43.
[21]周桂玲,达利夏提,安争夕,等.新疆滨藜属植物叶表皮微形态学及叶的比较解剖学研究[J].干旱区研究,1995,12(3):34-37.Zhou G L, Dalixiati, An Z X, et al. Study on the micromorphology of leaf epidermis and the comparative anatomy of leaf of atriplex in Xinjing[J]. Arid Zone Research,1995,12(3):34--37.
[22]刘静涵,刘宣劭,金昊,等.美洲黑杨与青杨及其杂交子代的叶角度变化与解剖结构[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(2):11--21.Liu J H,Liu X S,Jin H,et al. Leaf angle change and anatomical structure of Populus deltoids,P. cathayana and their hybrid F1[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2018,40(2):11-21.
[23] Fisher J B,Tan H T W,Toh L P L. Xylem of rattans:vessel dimensions in climbing palms[J]. American Journal of Botany,2002,89(2):196--202.
[24]刘明光.中国自然地理图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,2010.Liu M G. Chinese natural geography atlas[M]. Beijing:China Cartographic Publishing House,2010.
[25] Boanares D,Isaias R R M S,Sousa1 de H C,et al. Strategies of leaf water uptake based on anatomical traits[J]. Plant Biology,2018,20(6):848--856.
[26] Hao J,Yue N,Zheng C. Analysis of changes in anatomical characteristics and physiologic features of heteromorphic leaves in a desert tree,Populus euphratica[J]. Acta Physiol Plant,2017,39(8):1--11.
[27] Sack L,Cowan P D,Jaikumar N,et al. The ‘hydrology’of leaves:co-ordination of structure and function in temperate woody species[J]. Plant,Cell and Environment,2003,26(8):1343-1356.