中国出境旅游国际影响力的时空测度——基于市场占比和增长贡献度的分析
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摘要
提出出境旅游国际影响力的概念,系统搜集近20年来中国出境旅游客流量、旅游支出以及2012—2016年中国出境世界130个国家旅游数据,以市场占比、增长贡献度为指标,测定中国出境旅游影响力的时空变化。结果发现:20年来,中国出境旅游的世界市场占比及增长贡献度不断提高,2010年后超越传统出境旅游强国,位居世界第一;目的地国家中,中国游客市场占比及增长贡献度较高的国家主要分布在亚太地区,市场占比在10%以上,增长贡献度在20%以上,空间聚集现象明显;中国出境旅游影响力较大的区域主要分布在亚洲-太平洋地区,对日韩和东盟10国的影响力最大,对美国及欧洲、非洲部分国家有一定的影响力,对西欧、南欧、南美、非洲大部分国家的影响力一般。
The concept of international influence of outbound tourism was put forward.Based on tourist flows and outbound tourism expenditure of China in recent 20 years and the tourism data of 130 destination countries for China′s outbound tourism in 2012-2016, taking the market share and growth contribution as indicators to measure the spatial and temporal changes of China′s outbound tourism influence. The results found that in the past 20 years, market share and growth contribution of China′s outbound tourism have been continuously improved. After 2010, it surpassed the traditional outbound tourism powers and ranked first in the world. Among the destination countries, the countries with higher market share and growth contribution of Chinese tourists are mainly distributed in the Asia-Pacific region, the market share is above 10% and the growth contribution is over 20%.The phenomenon of spatial agglomeration is obvious. The strong influence areas of China′s outbound tourism are mainly distributed in the Asia-Pacific region, which has the greatest influence on the surrounding countries, especially Japan and South Korea, ASEAN 10 countries, it also has some influence on the United States, some European and African countries, and has a general influence on Western Europe, Southern Europe, America and African countries.
The concept of international influence of outbound tourism was put forward.Based on tourist flows and outbound tourism expenditure of China in recent 20 years and the tourism data of 130 destination countries for China′s outbound tourism in 2012-2016, taking the market share and growth contribution as indicators to measure the spatial and temporal changes of China′s outbound tourism influence. The results found that in the past 20 years, market share and growth contribution of China′s outbound tourism have been continuously improved. After 2010, it surpassed the traditional outbound tourism powers and ranked first in the world. Among the destination countries, the countries with higher market share and growth contribution of Chinese tourists are mainly distributed in the Asia-Pacific region, the market share is above 10% and the growth contribution is over 20%.The phenomenon of spatial agglomeration is obvious. The strong influence areas of China′s outbound tourism are mainly distributed in the Asia-Pacific region, which has the greatest influence on the surrounding countries, especially Japan and South Korea, ASEAN 10 countries, it also has some influence on the United States, some European and African countries, and has a general influence on Western Europe, Southern Europe, America and African countries.
引文
[1] 中国旅游研究院.2017年中国出境旅游大数据报告[EB/OL].[2017-12-21][2018-04-08].http://www.ctaweb.org/html/2018-2/2018-2-26-11-57-78366.html.
[2] 邹统钎,胡莹.旅游外交与国家形象传播[J].对外传播,2016(5):22-24.
[3] DAI B,JIANG Y,YANG L,et al.China′s outbound tourism:stages,policies and choices [J].Tourism Management,2016,58:253-258.
[4] TSE T S M,ARLT W G,Burns P.Chinese outbound tourism as a form of diplomacy [J].Tourism Planning & Development,2013,10(2):149-158.
[5] ZHANG X,KEITH J.From wealth to power:China′s new economic statecraft [J].Washington Quarterly,2017,40(1):185-203.
[6] XU H G,WANG K,SONG Y M .Chinese outbound tourism and soft power[J].Journal of Policy Research in Tourism,Leisure and Events,2018(8):1-16.
[7] 马波,寇敏.中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(7):24-28.
[8] 郭鲁芳,张素.中国公民出境旅游文明与软实力提升研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(12):18-22.
[9] 黄细嘉,周青.出境旅游发展与旅游强国建设[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):10-11.
[10] 戴学锋.论出境旅游在扩展中国国际影响力中的作用[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2012(9):1-8.
[11] 罗伯特·A·达尔.现代政治分析[M].第6版.吴勇,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[12] 约瑟夫·奈.软力量:世界政坛成功之道[M].吴晓辉,钱程,译.北京:东方出版社,2005.
[13] 关世杰.中华文化国际影响力评估体系初探[J].对外传播,2015(1):45-48.
[14] 阎梁.中国对外经济制裁:目标与政策议题[J].外交评论,2012,29(6):16-29.
(1)据《中国旅游统计年鉴》《中国出境旅游发展年度报告》,出境旅游指中国大陆居民因公或因私通过口岸出境前往其他国家、中国香港、中国澳门和中国台湾地区进行观光游览、休闲度假、探亲访友、购物、商务活动等或从事经济、文化、体育、宗教等活动,包括边境游、港澳台游和出国游。
[2] 邹统钎,胡莹.旅游外交与国家形象传播[J].对外传播,2016(5):22-24.
[3] DAI B,JIANG Y,YANG L,et al.China′s outbound tourism:stages,policies and choices [J].Tourism Management,2016,58:253-258.
[4] TSE T S M,ARLT W G,Burns P.Chinese outbound tourism as a form of diplomacy [J].Tourism Planning & Development,2013,10(2):149-158.
[5] ZHANG X,KEITH J.From wealth to power:China′s new economic statecraft [J].Washington Quarterly,2017,40(1):185-203.
[6] XU H G,WANG K,SONG Y M .Chinese outbound tourism and soft power[J].Journal of Policy Research in Tourism,Leisure and Events,2018(8):1-16.
[7] 马波,寇敏.中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(7):24-28.
[8] 郭鲁芳,张素.中国公民出境旅游文明与软实力提升研究[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(12):18-22.
[9] 黄细嘉,周青.出境旅游发展与旅游强国建设[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):10-11.
[10] 戴学锋.论出境旅游在扩展中国国际影响力中的作用[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2012(9):1-8.
[11] 罗伯特·A·达尔.现代政治分析[M].第6版.吴勇,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012.
[12] 约瑟夫·奈.软力量:世界政坛成功之道[M].吴晓辉,钱程,译.北京:东方出版社,2005.
[13] 关世杰.中华文化国际影响力评估体系初探[J].对外传播,2015(1):45-48.
[14] 阎梁.中国对外经济制裁:目标与政策议题[J].外交评论,2012,29(6):16-29.
(1)据《中国旅游统计年鉴》《中国出境旅游发展年度报告》,出境旅游指中国大陆居民因公或因私通过口岸出境前往其他国家、中国香港、中国澳门和中国台湾地区进行观光游览、休闲度假、探亲访友、购物、商务活动等或从事经济、文化、体育、宗教等活动,包括边境游、港澳台游和出国游。