砂梨新品种‘金丰’的选育
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摘要
‘金丰’是由‘金水1号’ב丰水’杂交选育出的中晚熟砂梨新品种。该品种树势中庸,树姿开张。果实圆形,果皮黄褐色,果面光滑,无锈斑。果肉白色,肉质细脆,汁液多,平均单果质量320 g,可溶性固形物含量11.37%,品质上。果实生育期144～149 d,在武汉地区8月中下旬成熟。丰产、稳产性好,较抗黑斑病。
Pyrus pyrifolia 'Jinfeng' is a new mid-late maturing sand pears,which was derived from a cross between 'Jinshui 1'×'Housui' in 1995 at Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences.It was initially selected in 2006 for its excellent appearance.After regional adaptability testing at five sites over ten years from 2006 to 2016,it was finally selected in 2017.This new cultivar is tree moderately vigorous and spreading growth habit.Annual branches are yellow-brown in color,with few lenticels.Leaves are ovate,acuminate,16.7 cm long,8.6 cm wide,sharply serrated.Color of unopened flower is light pink,and anthers are fuchsia.The fruit shape is mainly round,has light russet peel and smooth surface without russet.Its flesh is white,crisp,rich juice,fine texture without aroma.The average fruit weight is 320 g,maximum fruit weight is 502 g,the fruit shape index is 0.86.The content of total soluble solids is 11.37% and the content of total acid is 0.11%.Quality is excellent.The fruit development period is 144-149 d and it matures at the middle-late August in Wuhan area.The number of flower per inflorescence is from six to seven.The fruit mainly bore on the short fruit branches.Capability of continuously fruiting is strong.T this cultivar can bear fruits next year after planted,has high yield potential.Average yield per four-year trees is 22.3 kg.It is resistant to drought and pear black spot.The fruits can be stored about 15 days in room temperature.Suitable cultivation area is Hubei province and similar areas in the Yangtze river basin.Suitable pollinizer cultivars included'Wonhwang''Jinjing'and'Hosui'.
Pyrus pyrifolia 'Jinfeng' is a new mid-late maturing sand pears,which was derived from a cross between 'Jinshui 1'×'Housui' in 1995 at Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agriculture Sciences.It was initially selected in 2006 for its excellent appearance.After regional adaptability testing at five sites over ten years from 2006 to 2016,it was finally selected in 2017.This new cultivar is tree moderately vigorous and spreading growth habit.Annual branches are yellow-brown in color,with few lenticels.Leaves are ovate,acuminate,16.7 cm long,8.6 cm wide,sharply serrated.Color of unopened flower is light pink,and anthers are fuchsia.The fruit shape is mainly round,has light russet peel and smooth surface without russet.Its flesh is white,crisp,rich juice,fine texture without aroma.The average fruit weight is 320 g,maximum fruit weight is 502 g,the fruit shape index is 0.86.The content of total soluble solids is 11.37% and the content of total acid is 0.11%.Quality is excellent.The fruit development period is 144-149 d and it matures at the middle-late August in Wuhan area.The number of flower per inflorescence is from six to seven.The fruit mainly bore on the short fruit branches.Capability of continuously fruiting is strong.T this cultivar can bear fruits next year after planted,has high yield potential.Average yield per four-year trees is 22.3 kg.It is resistant to drought and pear black spot.The fruits can be stored about 15 days in room temperature.Suitable cultivation area is Hubei province and similar areas in the Yangtze river basin.Suitable pollinizer cultivars included'Wonhwang''Jinjing'and'Hosui'.
引文
[1]农业部.全国梨重点区域发展规划(2009-2015年)[EB/OL].[2009-04-27].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2009-05/20/content_1320149.htm.The Ministry of Agriculture.The National Regional Development Planning of Pear(2009-2015)[EB/OL].[2009-04-27].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2009-05/20/content_1320149.htm.
[2]李先明,秦仲麒,刘先琴,涂俊凡,杨夫臣.湖北省砂梨产业现状、存在问题及发展对策[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(8):100-104.LI Xianming,QIN Zhongqi,LIU Xianqin,TU Junfan,YANGFuchen.Status,problems and development counter measures of sand pear industry in Hubei province[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2009,13(8):100-104.
[3]田瑞,胡红菊,杨晓平,陈启亮,张靖国,范净.金丰梨授粉树选配试验[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2014,11(35):9-12.TIAN Rui,HU Hongju,YANG Xiaoping,CHEN Qiliang,ZHANG Jingguo,FAN Jing.Studies on selection of suitable pollinators for‘Jinfeng’pear cultivar[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2014,11(35):9-12.
[2]李先明,秦仲麒,刘先琴,涂俊凡,杨夫臣.湖北省砂梨产业现状、存在问题及发展对策[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(8):100-104.LI Xianming,QIN Zhongqi,LIU Xianqin,TU Junfan,YANGFuchen.Status,problems and development counter measures of sand pear industry in Hubei province[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2009,13(8):100-104.
[3]田瑞,胡红菊,杨晓平,陈启亮,张靖国,范净.金丰梨授粉树选配试验[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2014,11(35):9-12.TIAN Rui,HU Hongju,YANG Xiaoping,CHEN Qiliang,ZHANG Jingguo,FAN Jing.Studies on selection of suitable pollinators for‘Jinfeng’pear cultivar[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2014,11(35):9-12.