农村老年女性多维贫困:现实与因应
|
摘要
选取2014年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,利用多维贫困度量法,从物质、健康、权利三个维度分析农村老年女性陷入轻中深度贫困时整体状况、各维度指标指数及致贫机制。研究表明,从整体而言,物质生活维度在农村老年女性多维贫困中指数最高;从分解指标指数而言,家庭赋权显著利于摆脱多维贫困。随着贫困程度递增,家庭、社会保障等因素显著影响农村老年女性摆脱多维贫困。因此,提出提高农村老年女性社会养老保险待遇水平、完善高龄津贴制度,增加赡养者生活补贴、增强基本医疗服务可及性以及建构其家庭话语权的政策建议,以期精准治理农村老年女性贫困。
Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS) data in 2014, the overall situation of rural elderly female in mild, moderate and deep poverty was analyzed with the multidimensional poverty measurement method from three dimensions of material, health and rights.Besides, the index of each dimension, indicator and its causal mechanism were also elaborated. Overall, the material life dimension was the highest index among rural elderly female in multidimensional poverty. In terms of the index of decomposition indicators, familymultidimensional poverty of the group. As the level of poverty increased, family and social security had significant impacts on rural elderly female to get rid of multidimensional poverty. To achieve precise control of rural poverty in elderly female, it is necessary to enhance the level of social pension insurance on rural elderly female and the old age allowance system; appropriately improve the subsidies for home caregiver to take care of the elderly female and the availability of medical services; promote the construction of personal rights in the family.
Based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS) data in 2014, the overall situation of rural elderly female in mild, moderate and deep poverty was analyzed with the multidimensional poverty measurement method from three dimensions of material, health and rights.Besides, the index of each dimension, indicator and its causal mechanism were also elaborated. Overall, the material life dimension was the highest index among rural elderly female in multidimensional poverty. In terms of the index of decomposition indicators, familymultidimensional poverty of the group. As the level of poverty increased, family and social security had significant impacts on rural elderly female to get rid of multidimensional poverty. To achieve precise control of rural poverty in elderly female, it is necessary to enhance the level of social pension insurance on rural elderly female and the old age allowance system; appropriately improve the subsidies for home caregiver to take care of the elderly female and the availability of medical services; promote the construction of personal rights in the family.
引文
[1]全国老龄工作委员会办公室.三部门发布第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查成果[EB/OL].2016.http://www.cncaprc.gov.cn/contents/2/177118.html.
[2]全国妇联妇女研究所老年妇女问题研究课题组.老年妇女--国家应对人口老龄化战略不可忽视的群体[J].老龄科学研究,2015(3):70-80.
[3]世界发展报告编写组.2003年世界发展报告[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2003.
[4]韩华为,高琴,徐月宾.农村老年人口绝对贫困及其影响因素--物质剥夺视角下的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2017(5):70-83.
[5]朱火云.城乡居民养老保险减贫效应评估--基于多维贫困的视角[J].北京社会科学,2017(9):112-119.
[6]于长永.慢性病对农村老年贫困的影响研究--以新疆11地州市31县调查数据为例[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018,39(3):1-8.
[7]张雪梅,李晶,李小云.妇女贫困:从农村到城乡,从收入贫困到多维贫困--2000年以来中国“妇女贫困”研究评述与展望[J].妇女研究论丛,2011(5):99-105.
[8]王增文.农村老年女性贫困的决定因素分析--基于Cox比例风险模型的研究视角[J].中国人口科学,2010(1):75-83.
[9]邹薇,方迎风.关于中国贫困的动态多维度研究[J].中国人口科学,2011(6):49-59.
[10]人民网.子女在家照顾老人可领工资[EB/OL].[2014-10-14].http://society.people.com.cn/n/2014/1014/c1008-25828071.html.
[11]赵林,多田罗浩三,桂世勋.日本如何应对超高龄社会:医疗保健·社会保障对策[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2014.
[12]余桔云.中新两国家庭赡养法律的比较研究--基于多元协同治理的视角[J].国外社会科学,2017(3):136-144.
[13]Alkire S.The Missing Dimensions of Poverty Data:Introduction to the Special Issue[J].Oxford Development Studies,2007,35(4):347-359.
[14]Choudhury S,Leonesio M V.Life-cycle aspects of poverty among older women[J].Social Security Bulletin,1997,60(2):17.
[15]De Freitas N E M,Duc C,Briard K,et al.Career Interruptions:how do they impact pension rights?[J].Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice,2011,36(3):440-457.
[16]Glasgow N.Poverty among rural elders:Trends,context,and directions for policy[J].Journal of Applied Gerontology,1993,12(3):302-319.
[17]McNay K.The implications of the demographic transition for women,girls and gender equality:a review of developing country evidence[J].Progress in Development Studies,2005,5(2):115.
[18]OECD.OECD Employment Outlook 2007[M].Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,2007.
[19]UNDP.Sustainable Development Goals[EB/OL].2015.https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html.
[20]Waite L J.The demographic faces of the elderly[J].Population and Development Review,2004,30:3.
(1)该项目由北京大学国家发展研究院健康老龄与发展研究中心及中国疾控中心合作组织实施。
(2)日常生活能力,简称ADL,是衡量老年人口身体健康状况的重要指标,包含洗澡、穿衣等6项,其中任何1项无能力或需要帮助即能力受损。
[2]全国妇联妇女研究所老年妇女问题研究课题组.老年妇女--国家应对人口老龄化战略不可忽视的群体[J].老龄科学研究,2015(3):70-80.
[3]世界发展报告编写组.2003年世界发展报告[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2003.
[4]韩华为,高琴,徐月宾.农村老年人口绝对贫困及其影响因素--物质剥夺视角下的实证研究[J].人口与经济,2017(5):70-83.
[5]朱火云.城乡居民养老保险减贫效应评估--基于多维贫困的视角[J].北京社会科学,2017(9):112-119.
[6]于长永.慢性病对农村老年贫困的影响研究--以新疆11地州市31县调查数据为例[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版),2018,39(3):1-8.
[7]张雪梅,李晶,李小云.妇女贫困:从农村到城乡,从收入贫困到多维贫困--2000年以来中国“妇女贫困”研究评述与展望[J].妇女研究论丛,2011(5):99-105.
[8]王增文.农村老年女性贫困的决定因素分析--基于Cox比例风险模型的研究视角[J].中国人口科学,2010(1):75-83.
[9]邹薇,方迎风.关于中国贫困的动态多维度研究[J].中国人口科学,2011(6):49-59.
[10]人民网.子女在家照顾老人可领工资[EB/OL].[2014-10-14].http://society.people.com.cn/n/2014/1014/c1008-25828071.html.
[11]赵林,多田罗浩三,桂世勋.日本如何应对超高龄社会:医疗保健·社会保障对策[M].北京:知识产权出版社,2014.
[12]余桔云.中新两国家庭赡养法律的比较研究--基于多元协同治理的视角[J].国外社会科学,2017(3):136-144.
[13]Alkire S.The Missing Dimensions of Poverty Data:Introduction to the Special Issue[J].Oxford Development Studies,2007,35(4):347-359.
[14]Choudhury S,Leonesio M V.Life-cycle aspects of poverty among older women[J].Social Security Bulletin,1997,60(2):17.
[15]De Freitas N E M,Duc C,Briard K,et al.Career Interruptions:how do they impact pension rights?[J].Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice,2011,36(3):440-457.
[16]Glasgow N.Poverty among rural elders:Trends,context,and directions for policy[J].Journal of Applied Gerontology,1993,12(3):302-319.
[17]McNay K.The implications of the demographic transition for women,girls and gender equality:a review of developing country evidence[J].Progress in Development Studies,2005,5(2):115.
[18]OECD.OECD Employment Outlook 2007[M].Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,2007.
[19]UNDP.Sustainable Development Goals[EB/OL].2015.https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html.
[20]Waite L J.The demographic faces of the elderly[J].Population and Development Review,2004,30:3.
(1)该项目由北京大学国家发展研究院健康老龄与发展研究中心及中国疾控中心合作组织实施。
(2)日常生活能力,简称ADL,是衡量老年人口身体健康状况的重要指标,包含洗澡、穿衣等6项,其中任何1项无能力或需要帮助即能力受损。