蟹类附肢的自切与再生研究进展
|
摘要
蟹类附肢的自切与再生作为一种自我保护机制,是其应对极端条件(如捕食者、竞争者或恶劣环境等压力)的有效行为策略,通常以自切单条附肢最为常见。蟹类附肢自切后,会通过再生和蜕皮,重新长出健全的肢体。生长阶段中等规格蟹(4~6 g)附肢自切律较高且与性别差异无关;自切一条附肢的蟹数量较多,附肢自切通常发生在身体的一侧,自切后侧附肢的概率显著高于前侧的附肢;附肢自切与种间、种内差异和生境条件有关;附肢自切影响蟹的生长与存活及摄食习性等。本文阐述了自切与再生的主要动物种类与部位,以蟹类为主要对象,对其附肢自切的规律、自切原因和附肢自切对蟹类生长的影响及再生进行了综述,对今后相关研究提出展望。
Limb autotomy and regeneration of crab,a self-protection mechanism,is an effective behavioral strategy for facing with extreme conditions such as predators,competitors,and harsh environments. The most common autotomy type is single-limb autotomy. After being autotomized,the crab usually recovers through the regeneration and molting cycle. There is a high rate of limb autotomy of medium-sized crabs( 4-6 g) in the growing stage,which has no variation between genders. The single-limb autotomy usually occurs in one side. The probability of autotomy posterior limb is obviously higher than that of the front one. Moreover,the limb autotomy showed interspecific and intraspecific differences,and are dependent on habitat conditions. Limb autotomy affects the growth,survival and feeding habits of crabs. In this review,we summarized the main animal species and parts with the phenomenon of autotomy and regeneration. With the crab as an example,we illustrated the patterns and reasons of limb autotomy,and the influences of limb autotomy on regrowth and regeneration. This review also proposed some prospects for further exploration of the patterns and mechanisms of autotomy and regeneration.
Limb autotomy and regeneration of crab,a self-protection mechanism,is an effective behavioral strategy for facing with extreme conditions such as predators,competitors,and harsh environments. The most common autotomy type is single-limb autotomy. After being autotomized,the crab usually recovers through the regeneration and molting cycle. There is a high rate of limb autotomy of medium-sized crabs( 4-6 g) in the growing stage,which has no variation between genders. The single-limb autotomy usually occurs in one side. The probability of autotomy posterior limb is obviously higher than that of the front one. Moreover,the limb autotomy showed interspecific and intraspecific differences,and are dependent on habitat conditions. Limb autotomy affects the growth,survival and feeding habits of crabs. In this review,we summarized the main animal species and parts with the phenomenon of autotomy and regeneration. With the crab as an example,we illustrated the patterns and reasons of limb autotomy,and the influences of limb autotomy on regrowth and regeneration. This review also proposed some prospects for further exploration of the patterns and mechanisms of autotomy and regeneration.
引文
胡英超,谢箭秧,朱奇平,等.2015.蜥蜴尾的自切及再生.生态学杂志,34(5):1441-1447.
宋长太.1996.蟹池勿忘灭生物敌害.饲料研究,2(2):19.
徐冠达,蒋建斌.2012.蟹池鸟害特点与防范对策.水产养殖,33(6):13-14.
张春光,叶恩琦.1995.刀鲚与凤鲚尾鳍再生现象的观察.动物学杂志,30(3):52-53.
赵恒亮,何杰,吴旭干,等.2015.池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹扣蟹附肢自切规律的研究.生物学杂志,32(1):10-13.
Abello P,Warman CG,Reid DG,et al.1994.Chela loss in the shore crab Carcinus maenas(Crustacea:Brachyura)and its effect on mating success.Marine Biology,121:247-252.
Bateman PW,Fleming PA.2009.To cut a long tail short:A review of lizard caudal autotomy studies carried out over the last 20 years.Journal of Zoology,277:1-14.
Bingham BL,Burr J,Head HW.2000.Causes and consequences of arm damage in the sea star Leptasterias hex.Canadian Journal of Zoology,78:596-605.
Brock RE,Smith LD.1998.Recovery of claw size and function following autotomy in Cancer productus(Decapoda:Brachyura).Biological Bulletin,194:53-62.
Dvoretsky AG,Dvoretsky VG.2009.Limb autotomy patterns in Paralithodes camtschaticus(Tilesius,1815),an invasive crab,in the coastal Barents Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,377:12-19.
Emberts Z,St.Mary CM,Miller CW.2016.Coreidae(Insecta:Hemiptera)limb loss and autotomy.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,109:saw037.
Fleming PA,Muller D,Bateman PW.2007.Leave it all behind:A taxonomic perspective of autotomy in invertebrates.Biological Reviews,82:481-510.
Flynn PST,Mellish CL,Pickering TR,et al.2015.Effects of claw autotomy on green crab(Carcinus maenas)feeding rates.Journal of Sea Research,103:113-119.
He J,Gao Y,Wang W,et al.2016a.Limb autotomy patterns in the juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)in earth ponds.Aquaculture,463:189-192.
He J,Wu X,Cheng Y.2016b.Effects of limb autotomy on growth,feeding and regeneration in the juvenile Eriocheir sinensis.Aquaculture,457:79-84.
Juanes F,Smith LD.1995.The ecological consequences of limb damage and loss in decapod crustaceans:A review and prospectus.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,193:197-223.
Knope ML,Larson RJ.2015.Autotomy in porcelain crabs is an effective escape mechanism from rockfish predation.Marine Ecology,35:471-477.
Li YQ,Sun X.2013.Agonistic behaviors of aquatic animals.Zoological Research,34:214.
Lin JW,Chen YR,Wang YH,et al.2017.Tail regeneration after autotomy revives survival:A case from a long-term monitored lizard population under avian predation.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,284:25-38.
Lipcius RN,Herrnkind WF.1982.Molt cycle alterations in behavior,feeding and diel rhythms of a decapod crustacean,the spiny lobster Panulirus argus.Marine Biology,68:241-252.
Liu LL,Wang SP.1999.Population dynamics and mantle autotomy of the figsnall Ficus ficus(Gastropoda:Mesogastropoda:Ficidae).Zoological Studies,38:1-6.
Makino S,Whitehead GG,Lien CL,et al.2005.Heat-shock protein 60 is required for blastema formation and maintenance during regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,102:14599-14604.
Matsuo K,Yasuda CI,Wada S.2017.Effect of cheliped loss due to autotomy on shell selection behavior in the hermit crab Pagurus middendorffii.Crustacean Research,43:41-46.
Mcvean A,Findlay I.1979.The incidence of autotomy in an estuarine population of the crab Carcinus maenas.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,59:341-354.
Miller JA,Byrne M.2010.Ceratal autotomy and regeneration in the aeolid nudibranch Phidiana crassicornis and the role of predators.Invertebrate Biology,119:167-176.
Moksnes PO,Pihl L,Montfrans JV.1998.Predation on postlarvae and juveniles of the shore crab Carcinus Maenas:Importance of shelter,size and cannibalism.Marine Ecology Progress,166:211-225.
Oliveira DN,Christofoletti RA,Barreto RE.2015.Feeding behavior of a crab according to cheliped number.PLo S ONE,10:e0145121.
Patterson L,Dick JTA,Elwood RW.2007.Physiological stress responses in the edible crab,Cancer pagurus,to the fishery practice of de-clawing.Marine Biology,152:265-272.
Quinitio ET,Estepa FDP.2011.Survival and growth of Mud crab,Scylla serrata,juveniles subjected to removal or trimming of chelipeds.Aquaculture,318:229-234.
Quint E,Smith A,Avaron F,et al.2002.Bone patterning is altered in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin after ectopic expression of sonic hedgehog and bmp2b or exposure to cyclopamine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,99:8713-8718.
Ramsay K,Bergmann M,Veale LO,et al.2001.Damage,autotomy and arm regeneration in starfish caught by towed demersal fishing gears.Marine Biology,138:527-536.
Raymond PA.1991.Retinal regeneration in teleost fish.Ciba Foundation Symposium,160:171-186.
Riquelme R.2006.Incidence patterns of limb autotomy in the estuarine crab,Hemigrapsus crenulatus(H.Milne Edwards,1837)(Brachyura,Grapsoidea)from a temperate estuary in the eastern South Pacific.Crustaceana,79:925-932.
Rodriguez EM,Paradoestepa FD,Quinitio ET.2007.Extension of nursery culture of Scylla serrata(Forsskal)juveniles in net cages and ponds.Aquaculture Research,38:1588-1592.
Savvides P,Stavrou M,Pafilis P,et al.2017.Tail autotomy affects bipedalism but not sprint performance in a cursorial Mediterranean lizard.Science of Nature,104:3.
Saxena S.1996.Effects of hydrocortisone on hind limb regeneration in the tadpoles of toad,Bufo andersonii.Journal of Advanced Zoology,17:20-25.
Simonson JL.1985.Reversal of handedness,growth,and claw stridulatory patterns in the stone crab Menippe mercenaria(Say)(Crustacea:Xanthidae).Journal of Crustacean Biology,5:281-293.
Smith LD.1992.The impact of limb autotomy on mate competition in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun.Oecologia,89:494-501.
StarostováZ,Gvo6dík L,Kratochvíl L.2017.An energetic perspective on tissue regeneration:The costs of tail autotomy in growing geckos.Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,206:82-86.
Thomas CW,Carter CG,Crear BJ.2003.Feed availability and its relationship to survival,growth,dominance and the agonistic behaviour of the southern rock lobster,Jasus edwardsii in captivity.Aquaculture,215:45-65.
Thummel R,Burket CT,Hyde DR.2006.Two different transgenes to study gene silencing and re-expression during zebrafish caudal fin and retinal regeneration.Scientific World Journal,6:65-81.
Wasson K,Lyon BE,Knope M.2002.Hair-trigger autotomy in porcelain crabs is a highly effective escape strategy.Behavioral Ecology,13:481-486.
宋长太.1996.蟹池勿忘灭生物敌害.饲料研究,2(2):19.
徐冠达,蒋建斌.2012.蟹池鸟害特点与防范对策.水产养殖,33(6):13-14.
张春光,叶恩琦.1995.刀鲚与凤鲚尾鳍再生现象的观察.动物学杂志,30(3):52-53.
赵恒亮,何杰,吴旭干,等.2015.池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹扣蟹附肢自切规律的研究.生物学杂志,32(1):10-13.
Abello P,Warman CG,Reid DG,et al.1994.Chela loss in the shore crab Carcinus maenas(Crustacea:Brachyura)and its effect on mating success.Marine Biology,121:247-252.
Bateman PW,Fleming PA.2009.To cut a long tail short:A review of lizard caudal autotomy studies carried out over the last 20 years.Journal of Zoology,277:1-14.
Bingham BL,Burr J,Head HW.2000.Causes and consequences of arm damage in the sea star Leptasterias hex.Canadian Journal of Zoology,78:596-605.
Brock RE,Smith LD.1998.Recovery of claw size and function following autotomy in Cancer productus(Decapoda:Brachyura).Biological Bulletin,194:53-62.
Dvoretsky AG,Dvoretsky VG.2009.Limb autotomy patterns in Paralithodes camtschaticus(Tilesius,1815),an invasive crab,in the coastal Barents Sea.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,377:12-19.
Emberts Z,St.Mary CM,Miller CW.2016.Coreidae(Insecta:Hemiptera)limb loss and autotomy.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,109:saw037.
Fleming PA,Muller D,Bateman PW.2007.Leave it all behind:A taxonomic perspective of autotomy in invertebrates.Biological Reviews,82:481-510.
Flynn PST,Mellish CL,Pickering TR,et al.2015.Effects of claw autotomy on green crab(Carcinus maenas)feeding rates.Journal of Sea Research,103:113-119.
He J,Gao Y,Wang W,et al.2016a.Limb autotomy patterns in the juvenile swimming crab(Portunus trituberculatus)in earth ponds.Aquaculture,463:189-192.
He J,Wu X,Cheng Y.2016b.Effects of limb autotomy on growth,feeding and regeneration in the juvenile Eriocheir sinensis.Aquaculture,457:79-84.
Juanes F,Smith LD.1995.The ecological consequences of limb damage and loss in decapod crustaceans:A review and prospectus.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&Ecology,193:197-223.
Knope ML,Larson RJ.2015.Autotomy in porcelain crabs is an effective escape mechanism from rockfish predation.Marine Ecology,35:471-477.
Li YQ,Sun X.2013.Agonistic behaviors of aquatic animals.Zoological Research,34:214.
Lin JW,Chen YR,Wang YH,et al.2017.Tail regeneration after autotomy revives survival:A case from a long-term monitored lizard population under avian predation.Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,284:25-38.
Lipcius RN,Herrnkind WF.1982.Molt cycle alterations in behavior,feeding and diel rhythms of a decapod crustacean,the spiny lobster Panulirus argus.Marine Biology,68:241-252.
Liu LL,Wang SP.1999.Population dynamics and mantle autotomy of the figsnall Ficus ficus(Gastropoda:Mesogastropoda:Ficidae).Zoological Studies,38:1-6.
Makino S,Whitehead GG,Lien CL,et al.2005.Heat-shock protein 60 is required for blastema formation and maintenance during regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,102:14599-14604.
Matsuo K,Yasuda CI,Wada S.2017.Effect of cheliped loss due to autotomy on shell selection behavior in the hermit crab Pagurus middendorffii.Crustacean Research,43:41-46.
Mcvean A,Findlay I.1979.The incidence of autotomy in an estuarine population of the crab Carcinus maenas.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,59:341-354.
Miller JA,Byrne M.2010.Ceratal autotomy and regeneration in the aeolid nudibranch Phidiana crassicornis and the role of predators.Invertebrate Biology,119:167-176.
Moksnes PO,Pihl L,Montfrans JV.1998.Predation on postlarvae and juveniles of the shore crab Carcinus Maenas:Importance of shelter,size and cannibalism.Marine Ecology Progress,166:211-225.
Oliveira DN,Christofoletti RA,Barreto RE.2015.Feeding behavior of a crab according to cheliped number.PLo S ONE,10:e0145121.
Patterson L,Dick JTA,Elwood RW.2007.Physiological stress responses in the edible crab,Cancer pagurus,to the fishery practice of de-clawing.Marine Biology,152:265-272.
Quinitio ET,Estepa FDP.2011.Survival and growth of Mud crab,Scylla serrata,juveniles subjected to removal or trimming of chelipeds.Aquaculture,318:229-234.
Quint E,Smith A,Avaron F,et al.2002.Bone patterning is altered in the regenerating zebrafish caudal fin after ectopic expression of sonic hedgehog and bmp2b or exposure to cyclopamine.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,99:8713-8718.
Ramsay K,Bergmann M,Veale LO,et al.2001.Damage,autotomy and arm regeneration in starfish caught by towed demersal fishing gears.Marine Biology,138:527-536.
Raymond PA.1991.Retinal regeneration in teleost fish.Ciba Foundation Symposium,160:171-186.
Riquelme R.2006.Incidence patterns of limb autotomy in the estuarine crab,Hemigrapsus crenulatus(H.Milne Edwards,1837)(Brachyura,Grapsoidea)from a temperate estuary in the eastern South Pacific.Crustaceana,79:925-932.
Rodriguez EM,Paradoestepa FD,Quinitio ET.2007.Extension of nursery culture of Scylla serrata(Forsskal)juveniles in net cages and ponds.Aquaculture Research,38:1588-1592.
Savvides P,Stavrou M,Pafilis P,et al.2017.Tail autotomy affects bipedalism but not sprint performance in a cursorial Mediterranean lizard.Science of Nature,104:3.
Saxena S.1996.Effects of hydrocortisone on hind limb regeneration in the tadpoles of toad,Bufo andersonii.Journal of Advanced Zoology,17:20-25.
Simonson JL.1985.Reversal of handedness,growth,and claw stridulatory patterns in the stone crab Menippe mercenaria(Say)(Crustacea:Xanthidae).Journal of Crustacean Biology,5:281-293.
Smith LD.1992.The impact of limb autotomy on mate competition in blue crabs Callinectes sapidus Rathbun.Oecologia,89:494-501.
StarostováZ,Gvo6dík L,Kratochvíl L.2017.An energetic perspective on tissue regeneration:The costs of tail autotomy in growing geckos.Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,206:82-86.
Thomas CW,Carter CG,Crear BJ.2003.Feed availability and its relationship to survival,growth,dominance and the agonistic behaviour of the southern rock lobster,Jasus edwardsii in captivity.Aquaculture,215:45-65.
Thummel R,Burket CT,Hyde DR.2006.Two different transgenes to study gene silencing and re-expression during zebrafish caudal fin and retinal regeneration.Scientific World Journal,6:65-81.
Wasson K,Lyon BE,Knope M.2002.Hair-trigger autotomy in porcelain crabs is a highly effective escape strategy.Behavioral Ecology,13:481-486.