稻谷粮堆储藏过程中微生物区系演替规律研究
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摘要
以高大平房仓储存的稻谷为实验对象,分析稻谷粮堆储藏过程中微生物区系演替规律。结果表明,初始水分为14.1%的稻谷,随储藏时间的延长,稻谷粮堆各层水分逐步降低,霉菌量先增加后减少,细菌量逐步减少。储藏同一时间,稻谷霉菌量上层>中层>下层,细菌量中层>下层>上层。进一步方差分析表明粮层位置与储藏时间对霉菌量与细菌量均有显著影响。储藏开始时,上层的最主要优势霉菌为黄曲霉,中、下层的最主要优势霉菌为阿姆斯特丹曲霉。随储藏时间的延长,各层的阿姆斯特丹曲霉比例增加,大于40%,成为最主要的优势霉菌,而黄曲霉比例下降,黑曲霉比例基本不变,约占17%。
Taking the paddy stored in big warehouse as the test object,the succession rule of microbial flora of paddy heap was analyzed during the storage.The results showed that the initial water content of paddy was 14.1%.With the extension of storage time, the water content in each layer of paddy heap decreased,the amount of mold increased firstly then decreased while the amount of bacteria decreased.At the same storage time, the amount of mold:upper layer> middle layer>lower layer, the amount of bacteria: middle layer> lower layer >upper layer.Further analysis of variance showed that the position and storage time of paddy both had significant effects on the amount of mold and bacteria.At the beginning of storage, the most dominant mold in the upper layer was Aspergillus flavus,while the most dominant mold in the middle and lower layers was Aspergillus amstelodami. With the extension of storage time, the proportion of Aspergillus amstelodami increased and the proportion exceeded about 40%, Aspergillus amstelodami became the most important dominant mold.The proportion of Aspergillus flavus decreased while the proportion of Aspergillus niger was almost unchanged,which was about 17%.
Taking the paddy stored in big warehouse as the test object,the succession rule of microbial flora of paddy heap was analyzed during the storage.The results showed that the initial water content of paddy was 14.1%.With the extension of storage time, the water content in each layer of paddy heap decreased,the amount of mold increased firstly then decreased while the amount of bacteria decreased.At the same storage time, the amount of mold:upper layer> middle layer>lower layer, the amount of bacteria: middle layer> lower layer >upper layer.Further analysis of variance showed that the position and storage time of paddy both had significant effects on the amount of mold and bacteria.At the beginning of storage, the most dominant mold in the upper layer was Aspergillus flavus,while the most dominant mold in the middle and lower layers was Aspergillus amstelodami. With the extension of storage time, the proportion of Aspergillus amstelodami increased and the proportion exceeded about 40%, Aspergillus amstelodami became the most important dominant mold.The proportion of Aspergillus flavus decreased while the proportion of Aspergillus niger was almost unchanged,which was about 17%.
引文
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[3]周建新,鞠兴荣,孙肖东.不同储藏条件下稻谷霉菌区系演替的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2008,23(5):133-136ZHOU J X, JU X R, SUN X D. Study on succession of paddy moldy flora in different storage conditions[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereal and Oils Association, 2008,23(5):133-136
[4]杨基汉,张瑞,王璐,等.高湿条件下温度对储藏稻谷水分和脂肪酸值的影响研究[J].粮食储藏,2011,40(01):45-47YANG J H, ZHANG R, WANG L, et al. Study on the effect of temperature on moisture and fatty acid value of stored rice under high humidity condition[J]. Grain Storage,2011,40(01):45-47
[5]林镇清,郭谊,郑志锐等.稻谷储藏期间水分和脂肪酸值变化的研究[J].粮食储藏,2009,38(03):49-5154LIN Z Q, GUO Y, ZHENG Z R, et al. Study on changes of water and fatty acid values during rice storage[J].Grain Storage,2009,38(03):49-5154
[6]LACA A,MOUSIA Z,WEBB C,et al. Distribution of micro-bial contamination within cereal grains[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2006,72(4):332-338
[7]GENKAWA T,UCHINO T,INOUE A,et al. Development of a low-moisture-content storage system for brown rice:Storability at decreased moisture contents[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(4):515-522
[8]王鸣岐,文永昌.粮食微生物手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1965:45-56WANG M Q, WEN Y C. Food Microbiology Manual[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1965:45-56
[9]蔡静平.粮油食品微生物学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002:40-61CAI J P.Grain and oil food microbiology[M].Beijing:Chinese Light Industry Press, 2002:40-61
[10]殷蔚申.粮食微生物学[M].郑州:河南科学技术出版社,1983:32-83YIN W S.Food microbiology[M].Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,1983:32-83
[11]都立辉,和肖营,刘凌平,等.淮稻5号的真菌多样性及其储藏过程中可培养的优势真菌[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(7):1371-1381DU L H, HE X Y, LIU L P, et al. Fungal diversity of Huaidao 5 and its dominant fungi during storage[J].Agricultural Science in China,2016,49(7):1371-1381
[12]和肖营,刘凌平,都立辉,等.储藏稻谷中一株优势腐败霉菌的分离与鉴定[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016(6):12-16HE X Y, LIU L P, DU L H,et al.Isolation and identification of a superior spoilage mold in stored rice[J].Cereal&Feed Industry, 2016(6):12-16.