摘要
Fillmore语义学思想历经三个发展阶段,主要体现为格语法和框架语义学两个理论。以框架语义学为基础的框架网络项目是Fillmore语义学思想的最新进展。前人研究从宏观视角以介绍与评述两种理论、梳理理论的发展与演变为主,鲜有关于Fillmore语义学思想发展的评价研究。本文首先概述Fillmore的语义学思想发展过程,然后从微观视角系统分析"深层格"到"框架元素"的演变过程。研究发现,"格"问题的处理是其思想发展的主线,由"格"到"框架元素"演变体现了Fillmore由规定到描写、由理性到经验、由理论到实践、由句法到词汇的思想变化。然而,这一变化未能彻底解决"格"问题,且有重蹈格语法"覆辙"的可能。
Fillmore's semantic theories have undergone three stages of development,and are featured by case grammar and frame semantics,from which the latest development of FrameNet originated.Previous studies of Fillmore's theories focus mainly on the linear development as well as the pros and cons of them from a macro perspective,and few researchers investigate Fillmore's developing thoughts of semantics from a microperspective.This paper firstly reviews the development of Fillmore's semantic theories,and then systematically examines the change or development of core construct of "case" and frame elements from a new micro perspective.The findings show that the "case" problem is the main line of his ideological development,and that the methodological changes from prescriptivism to descriptivism,rationalism to empiricism,theory to practice as well as syntax to lexicology underlie the change of "case".It is also concluded that it might not overcome the limitation of case grammar theory,and that instead it might become overloaded for the research of meaning.
引文
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(1)陶明忠、马玉蕾提出的格语法问题有四个:语义格清单无法确定、语义格身份模糊、有些核心成分的句法关系不遵循突显等级顺序、对语义成分与句法关系的研究不完整。
(1)格语法认为,一个简单句由两部分构成,即S→M+P。S代表句子,M代表情态(时态、语态等),P代表命题(即格关系)。
(2)如果句子中有A,A为主语;如果没有A而有I,I为主语;如果无A无I.O为主语(Fillmore,1968:33)。
(1)本表修改自陶明忠、马玉蕾(2008),本文作者调整了部分相关术语及呈现方式。
(1)本表引白杨成凯(1986)。