胶园覆盖对土壤肥力及橡胶树根系活力的影响
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摘要
【目的】本文旨在分析胶园覆盖柱花草的土壤循环和根系分布特征。【方法】于2008年建立胶园覆盖柱花草复合系统,2014年对试验区土壤样品和橡胶树根系进行分析与调查。【结果】胶园覆盖柱花草分别提高了0~10和10~20 cm土层有机质含量465%和17%、达到显著水平,提高了土壤全氮含量,以及转化酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性;促进了橡胶树根系的生长,根系干重和鲜重分别增加了98.07%和77.11%,根系分布以10~20 cm为主变为0~10 cm为主,根系水分含量大于50%,细根增加,木质化程度降低。【结论】胶园覆盖柱花草提高了胶园表层土壤熟化程度,促进了养分物质的转化与利用,调控了橡胶树根系的分布,提高了根系活性,促进了土壤养分的吸收与利用。
【Objective】The present paper aimed at analyzing the characteristic of soil cycle and root distribution covering with the Stylosanthes. 【Method】In 2008,the complex ecosystem with covering the Stylosanthes in rubber plantation was established,and in 2014,the soil samples and the root system in the tested area were investigated and analyzed. 【Result】The covering Stylosanthes in rubber plantation respectively increased the soil organic matter of 46 % from 0 to 10 cm soil and 17 % from 10 to 20 cm soil,reaching significant level,and the total nitrogen content,the activity of invertase,urease and acid phosphatase were also increased,promoting the growth of root system. Dry weight and fresh weight respectively increased 98. 07 % and 77. 11 %,the root distribution was transformed mainly from 10-20 cm to mainly 0-10 cm,the content of root hydraulic was higher than 50 %,the amount of fine root was increased,and lignification degree was declined. 【Conclusion】Covering stylosanthes in rubber plantation,the ripen degree of surface soil was increased,the transformation and utilization of nutrition was promoted,the root distribution of rubber tree was controlled,the activity of root system was increased and the absorption and utilization of soil nutrient was promoted.
【Objective】The present paper aimed at analyzing the characteristic of soil cycle and root distribution covering with the Stylosanthes. 【Method】In 2008,the complex ecosystem with covering the Stylosanthes in rubber plantation was established,and in 2014,the soil samples and the root system in the tested area were investigated and analyzed. 【Result】The covering Stylosanthes in rubber plantation respectively increased the soil organic matter of 46 % from 0 to 10 cm soil and 17 % from 10 to 20 cm soil,reaching significant level,and the total nitrogen content,the activity of invertase,urease and acid phosphatase were also increased,promoting the growth of root system. Dry weight and fresh weight respectively increased 98. 07 % and 77. 11 %,the root distribution was transformed mainly from 10-20 cm to mainly 0-10 cm,the content of root hydraulic was higher than 50 %,the amount of fine root was increased,and lignification degree was declined. 【Conclusion】Covering stylosanthes in rubber plantation,the ripen degree of surface soil was increased,the transformation and utilization of nutrition was promoted,the root distribution of rubber tree was controlled,the activity of root system was increased and the absorption and utilization of soil nutrient was promoted.
引文
[1]蒋菊生.持续高产胶园生态系统的研究进展Ⅱ-胶园生态系统的调控与分析评价[J].热带农业科学,1998(6):100-108.
[2]李国华,田耀华,倪书邦,等.橡胶树生理生态学研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1146-1154.
[3]曾宪海,王真辉,谢贵水,等.幼龄胶园间种新银合欢对胶树生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].热带农业科学,2001(4):1-3,9.
[4]Philip A,George E S,Punnoose K I.Comparative evaluation of dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in the shoots of Pueraria phaseoloides Benth and Mucuna bracteata D.C.grown as cover crops in an immature rubber(Hevea brasiliensis)plantation[J].Nat.Rubb.Res.,2005,18(1):87-92.
[5]Singh R P,De ka H K,Chaudhuri D.Comparative efficiency of two cover crops on soil enrichment,accumulation of nutrients,microbial population and growth of Hevea Brasiliensis in Meghalaya[J].Nat.Rubb.Res.,2007,20(1&2):66-73.
[6]Viswanathan P,Shivakoti G.Adoption of rubber-integrated farmlivelihood systems:contrasting empirical evidence from the Indian context[J].Journal of Forest Research,2008,13(1):1-14.
[7]庞家平,陈明勇,唐建维,等.橡胶-大叶千斤拔复合生态系统中的植物生长与土壤水分养分动态[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):433-441.
[8]邓锡武.胶园葛藤覆盖应用效果[J].中国热带农业,2010(2):40-42.
[9]吴志祥,谢贵水,杨川,等.幼龄胶园间种土壤肥力及土壤酶活性特征研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(1):58-64.
[10]杨春霞,赵志平,杨丽萍,等.不同覆盖绿肥养分特性及其对橡胶园土壤理化性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):467-474.
[11]吴志祥,谢贵水,杨川,等.幼龄胶园间种对土壤微生物作用的影响[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(9):1325-1329.
[12]韦家少,何鹏,吴敏,等.间作橡胶林地土壤肥力和土壤酶活性特征研究[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(5):823-831.
[13]李娟,林位夫,周立军,等.成龄胶园间作不同豆科作物对土壤养分的影响[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(7):5-11.
[14]韦红群,邓建珍,曹建华,等.柱花草根系与根际微生物类群的研究[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):69-73.
[15]蒋菊生,谢贵水,林位夫,等.胶园间种柱花草的生态适宜性及间作效益评价[J].热带作物学报,1999,20(1):13-19.
[16]曹建华,梁玉斯,蒋菊生.胶-农复合生态系统对橡胶园小环境的影响[J].热带农业科学,2008,28(1):1-8.
[17]曹建华,蒋菊生,梁玉斯.胶-农复合生态系统生态效益比较研究[J].热带农业科学,2007(6):1-4.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]李振高,骆永明,腾应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[20]罗微,刘俊良,茶正早,等.橡胶园施肥穴肥料残留养分空间分布规律研究初报[J].热带作物学报,2005,26(1):6-10.
[2]李国华,田耀华,倪书邦,等.橡胶树生理生态学研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(3):1146-1154.
[3]曾宪海,王真辉,谢贵水,等.幼龄胶园间种新银合欢对胶树生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].热带农业科学,2001(4):1-3,9.
[4]Philip A,George E S,Punnoose K I.Comparative evaluation of dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in the shoots of Pueraria phaseoloides Benth and Mucuna bracteata D.C.grown as cover crops in an immature rubber(Hevea brasiliensis)plantation[J].Nat.Rubb.Res.,2005,18(1):87-92.
[5]Singh R P,De ka H K,Chaudhuri D.Comparative efficiency of two cover crops on soil enrichment,accumulation of nutrients,microbial population and growth of Hevea Brasiliensis in Meghalaya[J].Nat.Rubb.Res.,2007,20(1&2):66-73.
[6]Viswanathan P,Shivakoti G.Adoption of rubber-integrated farmlivelihood systems:contrasting empirical evidence from the Indian context[J].Journal of Forest Research,2008,13(1):1-14.
[7]庞家平,陈明勇,唐建维,等.橡胶-大叶千斤拔复合生态系统中的植物生长与土壤水分养分动态[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):433-441.
[8]邓锡武.胶园葛藤覆盖应用效果[J].中国热带农业,2010(2):40-42.
[9]吴志祥,谢贵水,杨川,等.幼龄胶园间种土壤肥力及土壤酶活性特征研究[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(1):58-64.
[10]杨春霞,赵志平,杨丽萍,等.不同覆盖绿肥养分特性及其对橡胶园土壤理化性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):467-474.
[11]吴志祥,谢贵水,杨川,等.幼龄胶园间种对土壤微生物作用的影响[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(9):1325-1329.
[12]韦家少,何鹏,吴敏,等.间作橡胶林地土壤肥力和土壤酶活性特征研究[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(5):823-831.
[13]李娟,林位夫,周立军,等.成龄胶园间作不同豆科作物对土壤养分的影响[J].热带农业科学,2014,34(7):5-11.
[14]韦红群,邓建珍,曹建华,等.柱花草根系与根际微生物类群的研究[J].草业科学,2009,26(1):69-73.
[15]蒋菊生,谢贵水,林位夫,等.胶园间种柱花草的生态适宜性及间作效益评价[J].热带作物学报,1999,20(1):13-19.
[16]曹建华,梁玉斯,蒋菊生.胶-农复合生态系统对橡胶园小环境的影响[J].热带农业科学,2008,28(1):1-8.
[17]曹建华,蒋菊生,梁玉斯.胶-农复合生态系统生态效益比较研究[J].热带农业科学,2007(6):1-4.
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[19]李振高,骆永明,腾应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[20]罗微,刘俊良,茶正早,等.橡胶园施肥穴肥料残留养分空间分布规律研究初报[J].热带作物学报,2005,26(1):6-10.