水资源适应性利用理论及其在治水实践中的应用前景
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摘要
水系统受气候变化和人类活动的影响,一直在不断地变化,因此水资源的开发利用也应适应这种变化,而不能按照固定的控制阈值或约束条件来进行。当然,也不是被动的、随意的去适应。在对水系统及其与环境变化关系剖析的基础上,分析了水资源适应性利用的原理与模式;基于对环境变化下水资源适应性利用机理的认识,提出水资源适应性利用理论的框架体系,阐述了其基本理念和关键内容;基于对我国现代治水实践的分析,分析了其暗含的水资源适应性利用理论的内容,以及我国治水实践中存在的问题及应用水资源适应性利用理论解决这些问题的可能途径。研究认为,水资源适应性利用理论对水资源合理开发、综合利用、科学管理具有重要的指导作用,为环境变化下水资源利用研究与实践奠定理论基础。
Water system is constantly changing under the influences of climate changes and human activities so that the development and utilization of water resources should be adapted to these changes rather than conform to a fixed control threshold or certain constraints.Certainly,it is not a passive and freewheeling adaptation。Therefore,studying the adaptive utilization and management of water resources is of great significance.In this paper,the principle and mode of adaptive utilization of water resources(AUWR)is expounded based on the analysis of water system and its relationship with environmental changes.Based on the understanding of the mechanism of AUWR under environmental changes,the theory of adaptive utilization of water resources(AUWR theory)is put forward,a framework system of the theory is constructed,and its basic concepts and key contents are expounded.Based on the analysis of modern water management practices in China,this paper elaborates on the underlying AUWR theory,and the existing problems in modern water management practices in China as well as the possible solutions to these problems using the AUWR theory.The study shows that the AUWR theory can provide significant guidance on the rational development,comprehensive utilization,and scientific management of water resources,as well as lay the theoretical foundation for the research and practice of water resources utilization under environmental changes.
Water system is constantly changing under the influences of climate changes and human activities so that the development and utilization of water resources should be adapted to these changes rather than conform to a fixed control threshold or certain constraints.Certainly,it is not a passive and freewheeling adaptation。Therefore,studying the adaptive utilization and management of water resources is of great significance.In this paper,the principle and mode of adaptive utilization of water resources(AUWR)is expounded based on the analysis of water system and its relationship with environmental changes.Based on the understanding of the mechanism of AUWR under environmental changes,the theory of adaptive utilization of water resources(AUWR theory)is put forward,a framework system of the theory is constructed,and its basic concepts and key contents are expounded.Based on the analysis of modern water management practices in China,this paper elaborates on the underlying AUWR theory,and the existing problems in modern water management practices in China as well as the possible solutions to these problems using the AUWR theory.The study shows that the AUWR theory can provide significant guidance on the rational development,comprehensive utilization,and scientific management of water resources,as well as lay the theoretical foundation for the research and practice of water resources utilization under environmental changes.
引文
[1]刘昌明,刘小莽,郑红星.气候变化对水文水资源影响问题的探讨[J].科学对社会的影响,2008,(2):21-27.(LIU Chang-ming,LIU Xiao-mang,ZHENG Hong-xing.Discussion on the influence of climate change on hydrology and water resources[J].Impact of Science on Society.2008,(2):21-27.(in Chinese))
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[12]左其亭,毛翠翠.人水关系的和谐论研究[J],中国科学院院刊,2012,27(4):469-477.(ZUO Qi-ting,MAO Cui-cui.Research on the harmony theory method of human-water relationship[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(4):469-477.(in Chinese))
[13]左其亭,赵衡,马军霞.水资源与经济社会和谐平衡研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(7):785-792.(ZUO Qi-ting,ZHAO Heng,MA Jun-xia.Study on harmony equilibrium between water resources and economic society development[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(7):785-792.
[14]左其亭,李可任.最严格水资源管理制度理论体系探讨[J],南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(1):13-18.(ZUO Qi-ting,LI Keren.Discussion on theoretical system of the strictest water resources management system[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(1):13-18.
[15]左其亭.水生态文明建设几个关键问题探讨[J],中国水利,2013,(4):1-3,6.(ZUO Qi-ting.Discussions on key issues of water ecological civilization construction[J].China Water Resources,2013,(4):1-3,6.(in Chinese))
[16]崔国韬,左其亭,窦明.国内外河湖水系连通发展沿革与影响分析[J],南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(4):73-76.(CUI Guotao,ZUO Qi-ting,DOU Ming.Development evolution and influences of the interconnected river system network at home and abroad[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2011,9(4):73-76.
[17]左其亭,崔国韬.河湖水系连通理论体系框架研究[J],水电能源科学,2012,30(1):1-5.(ZUO Qi-ting,CUI Guo-tao.Study on theoretical system and framework of interconnected river system network[J].Water Resources and Power,2012,30(1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[2]谢平,陈广才,陈丽.变化环境下基于降雨径流关系的水资源评价[J].资源科学,2009,31(1):69-74.(XIE Ping,CHEN Guang-cai,CHEN Li.Assessment of water resources based on rainfall-runoff relationship in changing environments[J].Resources Science.2009,31(1):69-74.(in Chinese))
[3]van Vliet M T H,van Beek L P H,Eisner S,et al.Multi-model assessment of global hydropower and cooling water discharge potential under climate change[J].Global Environmental Change,2016,(40):156-170.
[4]Georgakakos A P,Yao H,Kistenmacher M G,et al.Value of adaptive water resources management in Northern California under climatic variability and change:reservoir management[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,(412):34-46.
[5]Maclean K,Ross H,Cuthill M,Rist P.Healthy country,healthy people:an Australian Aboriginal organisation′s adaptive governance to enhance its social-ecological system[J].Geoforum,2013,(45):94-105.
[6]Westley F R,Tjornbo O,Schultz L,et al.A theory of transformative agency in linked social-ecological systems[J].Ecology and Society,2013,18(3):27.
[7]Montanari A,et al."Panta Rhei-Everything Flows":Change in hydrology and society-The IAHS Scientific Decade 2013-2022[J].Hydrological Sciences Journal,2013,58(6):1256-1275.
[8]曹建廷.水资源适应性管理及其应用[J].中国水利,2015(17):28-31.(CAO Jian-ting.Adaptive management of water resources and its application[J].China Water Resources.2015(17):28-31.(in Chinese))
[9]夏军,刘春蓁,刘志雨,等.气候变化对中国东部季风区水循环及水资源影响与适应对策[J].自然杂志,2016,(3):167-176.(XIA Jun,LIU Chun-zhen,LIU Zhi-yu,et al.Impact of climate change and adaptive strategy on terrestrial water cycle and water resources in East Monsoon Area of China[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2016,03:167-176.(in Chinese))
[10]吴绍洪,罗勇,王浩,等.中国气候变化影响与适应:态势和展望[J].科学通报,2016(10):1042-1054.(WU Shao-hong,LUO Yong,WANG Hao,et al.Climate change impacts and adaptation in China:current situation and future prospect[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2016(10):1042-1054.(in Chinese))
[11]Herrera-Pantoja M,Hiscock K M.Projected impacts of climate change on water availability indicators in a semi-arid region of central Mexico[J].Environmental Science&Policy,2015,(54):81-89.
[12]左其亭,毛翠翠.人水关系的和谐论研究[J],中国科学院院刊,2012,27(4):469-477.(ZUO Qi-ting,MAO Cui-cui.Research on the harmony theory method of human-water relationship[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(4):469-477.(in Chinese))
[13]左其亭,赵衡,马军霞.水资源与经济社会和谐平衡研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(7):785-792.(ZUO Qi-ting,ZHAO Heng,MA Jun-xia.Study on harmony equilibrium between water resources and economic society development[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014,45(7):785-792.
[14]左其亭,李可任.最严格水资源管理制度理论体系探讨[J],南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(1):13-18.(ZUO Qi-ting,LI Keren.Discussion on theoretical system of the strictest water resources management system[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(1):13-18.
[15]左其亭.水生态文明建设几个关键问题探讨[J],中国水利,2013,(4):1-3,6.(ZUO Qi-ting.Discussions on key issues of water ecological civilization construction[J].China Water Resources,2013,(4):1-3,6.(in Chinese))
[16]崔国韬,左其亭,窦明.国内外河湖水系连通发展沿革与影响分析[J],南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(4):73-76.(CUI Guotao,ZUO Qi-ting,DOU Ming.Development evolution and influences of the interconnected river system network at home and abroad[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2011,9(4):73-76.
[17]左其亭,崔国韬.河湖水系连通理论体系框架研究[J],水电能源科学,2012,30(1):1-5.(ZUO Qi-ting,CUI Guo-tao.Study on theoretical system and framework of interconnected river system network[J].Water Resources and Power,2012,30(1):1-5.(in Chinese))