基于能量产率的油茶壳水热炭化工艺优化
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摘要
文章以油茶壳为原料,采用水热炭化技术制备水热生物炭,并分析了水热炭化温度、保留时间、固体物含量对水热生物炭的高位热值和能量产率的影响。以此为基础,采用正交试验优化了上述3个工艺条件对油茶壳水热生物炭的影响。研究结果表明:水热炭化温度为200℃,保留时间为30 min,反应体系中固体物含量为10%时,油茶壳水热生物炭的综合评分最好;此时油茶壳水热生物炭的高位热值为22.28 MJ/kg,能量产率为75.07%。燃烧热重分析表明,油茶壳水热生物炭的燃烧过程向高温区转移。研究结果可用于指导生产高热值、高能量产率的油茶壳水热生物炭,可为油茶壳的利用提供参考。
In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) temperature, residence time, and solid ratio for HTC of waste Camellia oleifera shells were analyzed by the higher heating value, and energy yield in order to design and optimize the HTC process of waste Camellia oleifera shells. Based on these, three processing conditions of HTC were optimized by the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were 200 ℃ of HTC temperature, 30 min of residence time, and 10% of solid ratio. Under these conditions, the higher heating value and energy yield were22.28 MJ/kg and 75.07%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis of combustion experiments showed that the combustion process of Camellia oleifera shells hydrochar moved to the high temperature zone compared to raw simples. The results could be used to guide the production of Camellia oleifera shells hydrochar for the higher calorific value, higher energy yield and provide references for utilizations of Camellia oleifera shells.
In this paper, hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) temperature, residence time, and solid ratio for HTC of waste Camellia oleifera shells were analyzed by the higher heating value, and energy yield in order to design and optimize the HTC process of waste Camellia oleifera shells. Based on these, three processing conditions of HTC were optimized by the orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were 200 ℃ of HTC temperature, 30 min of residence time, and 10% of solid ratio. Under these conditions, the higher heating value and energy yield were22.28 MJ/kg and 75.07%, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis of combustion experiments showed that the combustion process of Camellia oleifera shells hydrochar moved to the high temperature zone compared to raw simples. The results could be used to guide the production of Camellia oleifera shells hydrochar for the higher calorific value, higher energy yield and provide references for utilizations of Camellia oleifera shells.
引文
[1]葛慧玲,焦扬,任永泰.黑龙江省农作物生物质能发电潜力及环境价值研究[J].可再生能源,2015,33(9):1403-1408.[1]Ge Huiling,Jiao Yang,Ren Yongtai.Study on power potential and environment value of crops biomass energy in Heilongjiang Province[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2015,33(9):1403-1408.
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[13]A Alvarez-Murillo,Román S,Ledesma B,et al.Study of variables in energy densification of olive stone by hydrothermal carbonization[J].Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2015,113:307-314.
[14]Nizamuddin S,Mubarak N M,Tiripathi M,et al.Chemical,dielectric and structural characterization of optimized hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of palm shell[J].Fuel,2016,163:88-97.
[15]范方宇,邢献军,施苏薇,等.水热生物炭燃烧特性与动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(15):219-224.[15]Fan Fangyu,Xing Xianjun,Shi Suwei,et al.Combustion characteristic and kinetics analysis of hydrochars[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(15):219-224.
[16]韩宵,朱磊,闫春风,等.多指标综合加权评分法优选人参醇提工艺[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(1):110-113.[16]Han Xiao,Zhu Lei,Yan Chunfeng,et al.Optimization of ethanol reflux extraction technique for panax ginseng by multi-index comprehensive weighted score evaluation[J].Modern Chinese Medicine,2016,18(1):110-113.
[17]Jain A,Balasubramanian R,Srinivasan M P.Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to activated carbon with high porosity:A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,283:789-805.
[2]赵军,王述洋.我国生物质能资源与利用[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(1):90-94.[2]Zhao Jun,Wang Shuyang.Bio-energer resource and its utilization in china[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(1):90-94.
[3]Stolarski M J,Szczukowski S,Tworkowski J,et al.Comparison of quality and production cost of briquettes made from agricultural and forest origin biomass[J].Renewable Energy,2013,57(3):20-26.
[4]高英,石韬,汪君,等.生物质水热技术研究现状及发展[J].可再生能源,2011,29(4):77-83.[4]Gao Ying,Shi Tao,Wang Jun,et al.Research status and development of hydrothermal technology for biomass[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2011,29(4):77-83.
[5]Antonietti M,Titirici M M.Coal from carbohydrates:The"chimie douce"of carbon[J].Comptes Rendus Chimie,2010,13(1):167-173.
[6]Zhai Y,Xu B,Yun Z,et al.Nitrogen-doped porous carbon from Camellia oleifera shells with enhanced electrochemical performance[J].Materials Science&Engineering C:Materials for Biological Applications,2015,61:449-456.
[7]Hu J,Chang S,Peng K,et al.Bio-susceptibility of shells of Camellia oleifera Abel.fruits to fungi andtermites[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2015,104:219-223.
[8]Ye Y,Guo Y,Luo Y T,et al.Isolation and free radical scavenging activities of a novel biflavonoid from the shells of Camellia oleifera Abel.[J].Fitoterapia,2012,83(8):1585-1589.
[9]Sun F F,Tang S,Liu R,et al.Biorefining fractionation of the Camellia oleifera Abel.hull into diverse bioproducts with a two-stage organosolv extraction[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2016,94:790-799.
[10]Li K,Liu S,Shu T,et al.Fabrication of carbon microspheres with controllable porous structure by using waste Camellia oleifera shells[J].Materials Chemistry&Physics,2016,181:518-528.
[11]顾洁,周建斌,马欢欢,等.油茶壳热解产物特性及热解炭制备活性炭工艺优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):233-239.[11]Gu Jie,Zhou Jianbin,Ma Huanhuan,et al.Characteristics of Camellia oleifera shell pyrolysis products and optimization of preparation parameters of activated carbon[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(21):233-239.
[12]许细薇,蒋恩臣,王明峰,等.油茶壳热解特性及动力学分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(8):118-123.[12]Xu Xiwei,Jiang Enchen,Wang Mingfeng,et al.Characteristics and kinetics of Camellia oleifera shell pyrolysis[J].Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering,2012,32(8):118-123.
[13]A Alvarez-Murillo,Román S,Ledesma B,et al.Study of variables in energy densification of olive stone by hydrothermal carbonization[J].Journal of Analytical&Applied Pyrolysis,2015,113:307-314.
[14]Nizamuddin S,Mubarak N M,Tiripathi M,et al.Chemical,dielectric and structural characterization of optimized hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonization of palm shell[J].Fuel,2016,163:88-97.
[15]范方宇,邢献军,施苏薇,等.水热生物炭燃烧特性与动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(15):219-224.[15]Fan Fangyu,Xing Xianjun,Shi Suwei,et al.Combustion characteristic and kinetics analysis of hydrochars[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(15):219-224.
[16]韩宵,朱磊,闫春风,等.多指标综合加权评分法优选人参醇提工艺[J].中国现代中药,2016,18(1):110-113.[16]Han Xiao,Zhu Lei,Yan Chunfeng,et al.Optimization of ethanol reflux extraction technique for panax ginseng by multi-index comprehensive weighted score evaluation[J].Modern Chinese Medicine,2016,18(1):110-113.
[17]Jain A,Balasubramanian R,Srinivasan M P.Hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to activated carbon with high porosity:A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2016,283:789-805.