景观下垫面对夏季微气候的影响及优化策略研究——以河北省隆尧县为例
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摘要
城市化快速发展带来城区下垫面类型与格局的改变,进而影响着城市环境健康与微气候,这在中国夏季高温干燥的京津冀地区尤为突出。研究以河北省隆尧县为例,基于CFD软件对城区景观不同下垫面对夏季微气候的影响开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:景观下垫面的类型、布局方案及绿地率等因素都对夏季微气候产生影响。在此基础上,研究提出在景观下垫面类型选择、布局方式与绿量方面的设计优化策略,以期对城市设计与景观规划设计提供支撑。
The rapid development of urbanization has brought about the change of the types and patterns of the underlying surface in urban areas, and thus affects the health of theurban environment and the micro-climate, which is particularly prominent in hot dry summer in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Taking Longyao County of Hebei Province as an example, this paper used the CFD software to simulate the effects of summer micro-climate on different types of underlying surfaces. The results showed: the types of the underlying surface, the layout scheme and the greening ratio had effect on the summer micro-climate. On the basis of this, the paper put forward the optimization strategies of the types selection, layout and green ratio of the design of the underlying surface in order to assist the urban and landscape design.
The rapid development of urbanization has brought about the change of the types and patterns of the underlying surface in urban areas, and thus affects the health of theurban environment and the micro-climate, which is particularly prominent in hot dry summer in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Taking Longyao County of Hebei Province as an example, this paper used the CFD software to simulate the effects of summer micro-climate on different types of underlying surfaces. The results showed: the types of the underlying surface, the layout scheme and the greening ratio had effect on the summer micro-climate. On the basis of this, the paper put forward the optimization strategies of the types selection, layout and green ratio of the design of the underlying surface in order to assist the urban and landscape design.
引文
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[20]王宇婧.北京城市人行高度风环境CFD模拟的适用条件研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[21]Peng C,Ming T,Gui J,et al.Numerical analysis on the thermal environment of an old city district during urban renewal[J].Energy&Buildings,2015,89(3):18-31.
[22]张文英.正确认识西风渐进对中国园林设计观的影响[J].中国园林,2006(2):49-54.
(1)本研究还模拟了相同绿地布局下风速的分布情况,结果差异不显著,限于文章篇幅,未在此列出。
(2)本研究还模拟了冬季绿地的温度和风速分布情况,效果差异不显著,限于文章篇幅,未在此列出。
(3)为避免绿地分散率对实验结果的干扰,本次绿地率模拟实验采取集中式布置。
文中图片均由作者绘制。
[2]Meyer R.Finding the true value of US climate science[J].Nature,2012,482:133.
[3]朱元甡,金光炎.城市水文学[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1991.
[4]刘娇妹,杨志峰.北京市冬季不同景观下垫面温湿度变化特征[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):3241-52.
[5]王亚南.城市气候与城市规划[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[6]Weng Q.Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite remote sensing,GIS and stochastic modelling[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2002,64(3):273-84.
[7]Bowler D,Buyung-Ali L,Knight T,et al.Urban greening to cool towns and cities:A systematic review of the empirical evidence[J].Landscape&Urban Planning,2010,97(3):147-55.
[8]吉田伸治,村上周三,持田灯,等.樹木モデルを組み込んだ対流·放射·湿気輸送連成解析による樹木の屋外温熱環境緩和効果の検討[C]//日本建築学会計画系論文集,2000:87-94.
[9]林波荣.绿化对室外热环境影响的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[10]李英汉,王俊坚,陈雪,等.深圳市居住区绿地植物冠层格局对微气候的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(2):343-349.
[11]张磊,孟庆林,舒立帆.室外热环境研究中景观水体动态热平衡模型及其数值模拟分析[J].建筑科学,2007,23(10):58-61.
[12]陈宏,李保峰,周雪帆.水体与城市微气候调节作用研究:以武汉为例[J].建设科技,2011(22):72-73.
[13]李宏宇,符淙斌,郭维栋,等.干旱区不同下垫面能量分配机理及对微气候反馈的研究[J].物理学报,2015,64(5):430-443.
[14]买买提江·买提尼亚孜,阿里木江·卡斯木.干旱区典型城市下垫面特征及其与地表热环境的关系研究[J].生态环境学报,2015(11):1865-1871.
[15]张鹏程.冰雪下垫面条件城市住区热气候及室外人体舒适性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.
[16]陈卓伦.绿化体系对湿热地区建筑组团室外热环境影响研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[17]冯娴慧,褚燕燕.基于空气动力学模拟的城市绿地局地微气候效应研究[J].中国园林,2017(4):29-34.
[18]王频,刘习康,孟庆林.CBD绿色缓冲区应用初探[J].城市规划,2013,37(5):74-79.
[19]李书严,轩春怡,李伟,等.城市中水体的微气候效应研究[J].大气科学,2008,32(3):132-140.
[20]王宇婧.北京城市人行高度风环境CFD模拟的适用条件研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[21]Peng C,Ming T,Gui J,et al.Numerical analysis on the thermal environment of an old city district during urban renewal[J].Energy&Buildings,2015,89(3):18-31.
[22]张文英.正确认识西风渐进对中国园林设计观的影响[J].中国园林,2006(2):49-54.
(1)本研究还模拟了相同绿地布局下风速的分布情况,结果差异不显著,限于文章篇幅,未在此列出。
(2)本研究还模拟了冬季绿地的温度和风速分布情况,效果差异不显著,限于文章篇幅,未在此列出。
(3)为避免绿地分散率对实验结果的干扰,本次绿地率模拟实验采取集中式布置。
文中图片均由作者绘制。