轴心受压古砖砌体裂缝发生发展规律
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摘要
裂缝是砌体结构损伤的直观表现.为研究古砖砌体结构受压状态下裂缝发生发展规律,对一批冻融循环后的古砖砌体试件进行抗压试验,获取了古砖砌体的荷载-变形和裂缝数据.提出砌体开裂荷载的确定方法,通过荷载-变形曲线、单条裂缝长度和裂缝发展趋势综合评判开裂荷载.建立了三折线模型,该模型能反映裂缝长度与荷载之间的关系.相比现代砌体试件,古砖砌体开裂早,裂缝发展快,平均开裂荷载为0.52f_m(抗压强度);当应力达到约0.7f_m时,裂缝上下贯通;当应力达到0.93f_m时,砌体进入破坏阶段.提出用裂缝密度描述砌体损伤状态,得到了典型的古砖砌体裂缝密度发展规律,破坏时最终裂缝密度为8.7m/m~2.国内外相关文献的试验数据表明,裂缝密度是一种稳定性较好的指标,具有深入研究和推广应用的价值.
Crack occurrence is a visual representation for brick masonry damage. In this paper, crack evolvement law of ancient brick masonry under uniaxial compressive loading after freeze-thaw cycles was investigated.The loading-deformation curve and crack data of ancient brick masonry were recorded.For each masonry sample,its initial cracking load was determined synthetically by three reference values based on loading-deformation curve,length of single crack,and crack development.After the crack length at every loading level was obtained,the normalization processing was performed.The trilinear model was used to simulate the relationship between the crack length and loading level.Crack of the ancient brick masonry occurred earlier and faster than that of modern brick masonry:the value range of initial cracking load was from 0.4 f_m(compressive strength) to 0.6 f_m,which averaged about 0.52 f_m;when the stress reached 0.7 f_m,critical crack was initiated;when the stress reached 0.93 f_m,masonry entered into the ultimate state.The masonry damage was described by crack density,which was defined as the crack length per unit area.The development rule of crack density was proposed with a final value of 8.7 m/m~2. Compared with the results of similar tests in references, it was found that crack density was a relatively stable indicator, which has good potential for further study and application.
Crack occurrence is a visual representation for brick masonry damage. In this paper, crack evolvement law of ancient brick masonry under uniaxial compressive loading after freeze-thaw cycles was investigated.The loading-deformation curve and crack data of ancient brick masonry were recorded.For each masonry sample,its initial cracking load was determined synthetically by three reference values based on loading-deformation curve,length of single crack,and crack development.After the crack length at every loading level was obtained,the normalization processing was performed.The trilinear model was used to simulate the relationship between the crack length and loading level.Crack of the ancient brick masonry occurred earlier and faster than that of modern brick masonry:the value range of initial cracking load was from 0.4 f_m(compressive strength) to 0.6 f_m,which averaged about 0.52 f_m;when the stress reached 0.7 f_m,critical crack was initiated;when the stress reached 0.93 f_m,masonry entered into the ultimate state.The masonry damage was described by crack density,which was defined as the crack length per unit area.The development rule of crack density was proposed with a final value of 8.7 m/m~2. Compared with the results of similar tests in references, it was found that crack density was a relatively stable indicator, which has good potential for further study and application.
引文
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[15]CARPINTERI A, INVERNIZZI S, LACIDOGNA G. Historical brick-masonry subjected to double flat-jack testacoustic emissions and scale effects on cracking density[J]. Construction&Building Materials,2009,23(8):2813—2820.
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[17]CARPINTERI A,LACIDOGNA G,NICCOLUNI G.Fractal analysis of damage detected in concrete structural elements under loading[J].Chaos,Solitons and Fractals,2009,42(4):2047—2056.
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[19]刘箴,唐岱新.砌体结构损伤状态的评估[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1996,11(4):25—31.LIU Z,TANG D X. The assessment of damage state in masonry structures[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,1996,11(4):25—31.(In Chinese)
[20]杨曌,杨智,田水.炭纤维布加固黏土砖柱的试验研究[J].武汉科技大学学报,2009,32(2):209-212.YANG Z,YANG Z,TIAN S.Experimental study on brick columns strengthened by CFRP[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2009,32(2):209—212.(In Chinese)
[21]赵斐,何晓雁,乔建新.蒸压粉煤灰砖砌体轴心受压性能试验研究[J].内蒙古工业大学学报,2011,30(1):63—68.ZHAO F,HE X Y,QIAO J X.An experimental study on the axial compressive properties of autoclaved fly ash brick masonry[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology,2011,30(1):63—68.(In Chinese)
[22]徐春一.蒸压粉煤灰砖砌体受力性能试验与理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学土木工程学院,2011:23—25.XU C Y.Experimental and theoretical research on the mechanics behavior of autoclaved fly ash brick masonry[D].Dalian:School of Civil Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,2011:23—25.(In Chinese)
[23]MICCOLI L,M(U|¨)LLER U,FONTANA P.Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials:a comparison between earth block masonry,rammed earth and cob[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,61:327—339.
[24]LOURENCO P B,PINA-HENRIQUES J.Validation of analytical and continuum numerical methods for estimating the compressive strength of masonry[J]. Computers and Structures,2006,84:1977—1989.
[25]SILVEIRA D,VARUM H,COSTA A,et al.Mechanical properties and behavior of traditional adobe wall panels of the aveiro district[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2014,27(9):4014253.
[2]ANZANI A, GARAVAGLIA E, BINDA L.Long-term damage of historic masonry:a probabilistic model[J]. Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(2):713—724.
[3]汤永净,邵振东.基于环境变迁影响的古砖孔结构及饱和系数[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(11):1662—1669.TANG Y J,SHAOO Z D.Ancient brick pore structure and saturation coefficient based on environmental variation[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2015,43(11):1662—1669.(In Chinese)
[4]施楚贤,刘桂秋,黄靓.砌体结构[M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:10-13.SHI C X,LIU G Q,HUANG L. Masonry structure[M]. 3rd ed.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2012:10—13.(In Chinese)
[5]刘桂秋,颜友清,施楚贤.砌体受压本构关系统一模型的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,36(11):6—9.LIU G Q,YAN Y Q,SHI C X.Research on the unified model of the compressive constitutive relations of masonry[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2009,36(11):6—9.(In Chinese)
[6]陈大川,陈庭柱,施楚贤,等.回弹法推定砌体中烧结普通砖强度等级的研究[J].湖南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(3):23—27.CHEN D C,CHEN T Z,SHI C X,et al.Research on the evaluation of strength for fired common brick in existing masonry structures in rebound method[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2012,39(3):23—27.(In Chinese)
[7]NETINGER I,VRACEVlC M,RANOGAJEC J,et al.Evaluation of brick resistance to freeze/thaw cycles according to indirect procedures[J].Gradevinar,2014,66(3):197—209.
[8]PERRIN B,VU N A,MULTON S,et al.Mechanical behaviour of fired clay materials subjected to freeze-thaw cycles[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25(2):1056—1064.
[9]URANJEK M,BOKAN-BOSILJKOV V.Influence of freeze-thawcycles on mechanical properties of historical brick masonry[j].Construction and Building Materials,2015,84:416—428.
[10]郑山锁,宋哲盟,赵鹏.冻融循环对再生混凝土砖砌体抗压性能的影响[J].建筑材料学报,2016,19(1):131—136.ZHENG S S,SONG Z M,ZHAO P.The influence of freeze-thaw cycle on the compressive behaviors of recycled concrete brick masonry[J].Journal of Building Materials,2016,19(1):131—136.(In Chinese)
[11]商效瑀.冻融循环作用下再生混凝土砖砌体力学性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,2014:63—80.SHANG X Y. Research on the mechanical property of recycled concrete brick structure under freeze-thaw cycles[D]. Xi'an:School of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,2014:63—80.(In Chinese)
[12]SAISI A,CANTINI L,BINDA L.Investigation strategies for the diagnosis of historic structures[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing.Ioannina:CRC Press,2012:43—49.
[13]汤永净,邵振东.非饱水冻融作用下的古砖动弹性模量[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2015,37(6):1—6.TANG Y J,SHAO Z D.Dynamic elastic modulus based on unsaturated water freeze-thaw action for ancient bricks[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2015,37(6):1—6.(In Chinese)
[14]汤永净,赵红,叶真华,等.古代砖砌体风化性能分析及风化程度评定[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2017,39(3):67—74.TANG Y J,ZHAO H,YE Z H,et al.Ancient brick masonry behavior and weathering degree evaluation[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental Engineering,2017,39(3):67—74.(In Chinese)
[15]CARPINTERI A, INVERNIZZI S, LACIDOGNA G. Historical brick-masonry subjected to double flat-jack testacoustic emissions and scale effects on cracking density[J]. Construction&Building Materials,2009,23(8):2813—2820.
[16]杨勇新,陈满圈.砌体结构中裂缝损伤的模糊综合评价[J].港工技术,1998(3):29-32.YANG Y X,CHEN M Q. Fuzzy comprehensive judge of cracking damage on masonry structure[J]. Port Engineering Technology,1998(3):29-32.(In Chinese)
[17]CARPINTERI A,LACIDOGNA G,NICCOLUNI G.Fractal analysis of damage detected in concrete structural elements under loading[J].Chaos,Solitons and Fractals,2009,42(4):2047—2056.
[18]GB/T50129—2011砌体基本力学性能试验方法标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:7—14.GB/T50129—2011 Standard for test method of basic mechanics properties of masonry[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2011:7—14.(In Chinese)
[19]刘箴,唐岱新.砌体结构损伤状态的评估[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1996,11(4):25—31.LIU Z,TANG D X. The assessment of damage state in masonry structures[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,1996,11(4):25—31.(In Chinese)
[20]杨曌,杨智,田水.炭纤维布加固黏土砖柱的试验研究[J].武汉科技大学学报,2009,32(2):209-212.YANG Z,YANG Z,TIAN S.Experimental study on brick columns strengthened by CFRP[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2009,32(2):209—212.(In Chinese)
[21]赵斐,何晓雁,乔建新.蒸压粉煤灰砖砌体轴心受压性能试验研究[J].内蒙古工业大学学报,2011,30(1):63—68.ZHAO F,HE X Y,QIAO J X.An experimental study on the axial compressive properties of autoclaved fly ash brick masonry[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology,2011,30(1):63—68.(In Chinese)
[22]徐春一.蒸压粉煤灰砖砌体受力性能试验与理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学土木工程学院,2011:23—25.XU C Y.Experimental and theoretical research on the mechanics behavior of autoclaved fly ash brick masonry[D].Dalian:School of Civil Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,2011:23—25.(In Chinese)
[23]MICCOLI L,M(U|¨)LLER U,FONTANA P.Mechanical behaviour of earthen materials:a comparison between earth block masonry,rammed earth and cob[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,61:327—339.
[24]LOURENCO P B,PINA-HENRIQUES J.Validation of analytical and continuum numerical methods for estimating the compressive strength of masonry[J]. Computers and Structures,2006,84:1977—1989.
[25]SILVEIRA D,VARUM H,COSTA A,et al.Mechanical properties and behavior of traditional adobe wall panels of the aveiro district[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2014,27(9):4014253.