典型国家可再生能源政策演变研究
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摘要
选取美国、德国、日本和中国作为典型国家,分析这些国家可再生能源政策的演化。分析结果表明:可再生能源政策取向与这些国家应对气候变化的战略密切相关,发展可再生能源已经成为能源低碳转型和应对全球气候变化的重大战略举措;尽管这些国家可再生能源政策各异,但却具有共同的演变规律,可再生能源政策正在从以政府主导的财税价格政策转向市场化政策体系。结合典型国家政策体系和我国可再生能源发展中存在的问题,提出了促进我国可再生能源持续健康发展的政策建议。
Taking the United States,Germany,Japan and China as typical countries,this paper explores the evolution of renewable energy policies in those countries. The results show that the policy orientation of renewable energy is closely related to the climate change strategy. Renewable energy has become the major strategic measure for the low-carbon transformation of energy in the future and for mitigation of global climate change.Although their energy policies are different,the evolution trend is similar,that is,the renewable energy policy system in those countries is changing from the government-led fiscal and tax policy to a market-oriented policy system. In view of the typical national policy system and problems in the development of renewable energy in China,the paper puts forward some policy recommendations for promoting sustainable development of China's renewable energy.
Taking the United States,Germany,Japan and China as typical countries,this paper explores the evolution of renewable energy policies in those countries. The results show that the policy orientation of renewable energy is closely related to the climate change strategy. Renewable energy has become the major strategic measure for the low-carbon transformation of energy in the future and for mitigation of global climate change.Although their energy policies are different,the evolution trend is similar,that is,the renewable energy policy system in those countries is changing from the government-led fiscal and tax policy to a market-oriented policy system. In view of the typical national policy system and problems in the development of renewable energy in China,the paper puts forward some policy recommendations for promoting sustainable development of China's renewable energy.
引文
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[7]史丹.新能源定价机制、补贴与成本研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2015.
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[9]朱凯.日本能源政策演变及其对我国的启示[J].国际石油经济,2011(11):17-26.ZHU Kai. Japan’s energy policy reform and lessons for China[J]. International Petroleum Economics,2011(11):17-26.
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[11]李鹏飞.论促进我国可再生能源开发利用的税法制度[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2013.
[12]杨泽伟.从产业到革命:发达国家新能源法律政策与中国的战略选择[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2015.
[13]赵勇.全景式框架下可再生能源政策国别研究[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[14]中华人民共和国国家发展计划委员会基础产业发展司.中国新能源与可再生能源1999白皮书[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
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[17]李艳芳.新能源与可再生能源法律与政策研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2015.
[18]国家发改委.《可再生能源中长期发展规划》[EB/OL].http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/200709/t20070904_579685.html.
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[20]国家发改委.《可再生能源“十三五”规划》[EB/OL]. http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161216_830264.html
[21]周强,汪宁渤,何世恩,等.高弃风弃光背景下中国新能源发展总结及前景探究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(10):146-154.ZHOU Qiang,WANG Ningbo,HE Shien,et al. Summary and prospect of China's new energy development under the background of high abandoned new energy power[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(10):146-154.
[22]范明天,谢宁,王承民,等.消纳高占比可再生能源的智能配电网规划关键技术[J].供用电,2016,33(7):32-38.FAN Mingtian,XIE Ning,WANG Chengmin,et al. Key technologies for accommodating higlh shares of renewable energy in smart distribution network planning[J].Distribution&Utilization,2016,33(7):32-38.
[23]尹浩霖,贾嵘,董开松,等.电力市场环境下的风电场“运检维”管理[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(10):167-171.YIN Haolin,JIA Rong,DONG Kaisong,et al.Explorations into“operation repair maintenance”management of wind farms under electricity market environment[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(10):167-171.
[24]胡菊,靳双龙,宋宗朋,等.基于云计算的全球可再生能源资源精细化评估方法[J].电力信息与通信技术,2016,14(3):25-29.HU Ju,JIN Shuanglong,SONG Zongpeng,et al. A refine assessment method of global renewable energy resources based on cloud computing[J]. Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2016,14(3):25-29.
[25]石钰,王承民,王国友,等.大规模可再生能源接入下的电力系统有功和无功综合安全校正问题研究[J].供用电,2016,33(10):86-90.SHI Yu,WANG Chengmin,WANG Guoyou,et al. The research on integration active and reactive power security correction with large-scale renewable energy integration into power systems[J]. Distribution&Utilization,2016,33(10):86-90.
[26]时远海,刘波.基于共享模式的可再生能源发电集群并网通信设计[J].电力信息与通信技术,2018,16(5):6-10.SHI Yuanhai, LIU Bo.Communication design of renewable energy generation cluster connect to grid based on shared model[J]. Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2018,16(5):6-10.
[27]吕翔,刘国静,周莹.含抽水蓄能的风水火联合机组组合研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):35-43.LüXiang, LIU Guojing, ZHOU Ying. Research on combined unit commitment of wind power-hydro powerthermal power for the power system with pumped hydro storage[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):35-43.
[28]赵盛杰,王龙龙,程鹏,等.地面光伏电站的直击雷防护与探讨[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(10):172-175.ZHAO Shengjie,WANG Longlong,CHENG Peng,et al.Discussions on lightning protection of terrestrial photovoltaic power plants[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(10):172-175.
[29]周强,汪宁渤,何世恩,等.高弃风弃光背景下中国新能源发展总结及前景探究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(10):146-154.ZHOU Qiang,WANG Ningbo,HE Shien,et al. Summary and prospect of China’s new energy development under the background of high abandoned new energy power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(10):146-154.
[30]胡钢,范伟东,李忠.基于BP神经网络光柴孤网运行优化控制研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(11):129-134.HU Gang,FAN Weidong,LI Zhong.Optimal control of photovoltaic-diesel isolated network based on bp neural networks[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(11):129-134.
[31]初壮,李钊,白望望.计及不确定性和环境因素的多类型分布式电源选址定容[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):34-41.CHU Zhuang,LI Zhao,BAI Wangwang. Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations considering uncertainties and environmental factors[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):34-41.
[2]史丹.新能源产业发展与政策研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2015.
[3]李海东.从边缘到中心:美国气候变化政策的演变[J].美国研究,2009(2):20-35.LI Haidong. From periphery to center:the evolution of american policytoward climate change[J]. The Chinese Journal of American Studies,2009(2):20-35.
[4]巢清尘,张永香,高翔,等.巴黎协定——全球气候治理的新起点[J].气候变化研究进展,2016(1):61-67.CHAO Qingchen,ZHANG Yongxiang,GAO Xiang,et al.Paris agreement:A new start for global governance on climate[J]. Climate Change Research,2016(1):61-67.
[5]国家可再生能源中心.国际可再生能源发展报告[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2015.
[6]李红强,沈镭.美国风电产业政策演进:历程、特征与影响因素[J].世界地理研究,2012(1):100-110.LI Hongqiang,SHEN Lei. Wind power industry policies evolution in U.S.:process,features and influence factors[J].World Regional Studies,2012(1):100-110.
[7]史丹.新能源定价机制、补贴与成本研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2015.
[8]朱彤,史丹.能源经济学理论与政策研究评述[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2013.
[9]朱凯.日本能源政策演变及其对我国的启示[J].国际石油经济,2011(11):17-26.ZHU Kai. Japan’s energy policy reform and lessons for China[J]. International Petroleum Economics,2011(11):17-26.
[10]国际可再生能源署.可再生能源政策措施数据库[EB/OL].http://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/renewableenergy/.
[11]李鹏飞.论促进我国可再生能源开发利用的税法制度[D].重庆:西南政法大学,2013.
[12]杨泽伟.从产业到革命:发达国家新能源法律政策与中国的战略选择[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2015.
[13]赵勇.全景式框架下可再生能源政策国别研究[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[14]中华人民共和国国家发展计划委员会基础产业发展司.中国新能源与可再生能源1999白皮书[M].北京:中国计划出版社,1999.
[15]财政部.关于实施金太阳示范工程的通知[EB/OL]. http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengwengao/2009niancaizhengbuwengao/caizhengwengao200907/200911/t20091118_233416.html.
[16]黄栋,李怀霞,张振.风电产业全球态势与政府政策[J].电网与清洁能源,2009(2):46-49.HUANG Dong,LI Huaixia,ZHANG Zhen. Wind power industry:global situation and government policies[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2009(2):46-49.
[17]李艳芳.新能源与可再生能源法律与政策研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2015.
[18]国家发改委.《可再生能源中长期发展规划》[EB/OL].http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/200709/t20070904_579685.html.
[19]国家能源局.《国家能源局关于建立可再生能源开发利用目标引导制度的指导意见》[EB/OL]. http://zfxxgk.nea.gov.cn/auto87/201603/t20160303_2205.htm.
[20]国家发改委.《可再生能源“十三五”规划》[EB/OL]. http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201612/t20161216_830264.html
[21]周强,汪宁渤,何世恩,等.高弃风弃光背景下中国新能源发展总结及前景探究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(10):146-154.ZHOU Qiang,WANG Ningbo,HE Shien,et al. Summary and prospect of China's new energy development under the background of high abandoned new energy power[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(10):146-154.
[22]范明天,谢宁,王承民,等.消纳高占比可再生能源的智能配电网规划关键技术[J].供用电,2016,33(7):32-38.FAN Mingtian,XIE Ning,WANG Chengmin,et al. Key technologies for accommodating higlh shares of renewable energy in smart distribution network planning[J].Distribution&Utilization,2016,33(7):32-38.
[23]尹浩霖,贾嵘,董开松,等.电力市场环境下的风电场“运检维”管理[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(10):167-171.YIN Haolin,JIA Rong,DONG Kaisong,et al.Explorations into“operation repair maintenance”management of wind farms under electricity market environment[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(10):167-171.
[24]胡菊,靳双龙,宋宗朋,等.基于云计算的全球可再生能源资源精细化评估方法[J].电力信息与通信技术,2016,14(3):25-29.HU Ju,JIN Shuanglong,SONG Zongpeng,et al. A refine assessment method of global renewable energy resources based on cloud computing[J]. Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2016,14(3):25-29.
[25]石钰,王承民,王国友,等.大规模可再生能源接入下的电力系统有功和无功综合安全校正问题研究[J].供用电,2016,33(10):86-90.SHI Yu,WANG Chengmin,WANG Guoyou,et al. The research on integration active and reactive power security correction with large-scale renewable energy integration into power systems[J]. Distribution&Utilization,2016,33(10):86-90.
[26]时远海,刘波.基于共享模式的可再生能源发电集群并网通信设计[J].电力信息与通信技术,2018,16(5):6-10.SHI Yuanhai, LIU Bo.Communication design of renewable energy generation cluster connect to grid based on shared model[J]. Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2018,16(5):6-10.
[27]吕翔,刘国静,周莹.含抽水蓄能的风水火联合机组组合研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(12):35-43.LüXiang, LIU Guojing, ZHOU Ying. Research on combined unit commitment of wind power-hydro powerthermal power for the power system with pumped hydro storage[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(12):35-43.
[28]赵盛杰,王龙龙,程鹏,等.地面光伏电站的直击雷防护与探讨[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(10):172-175.ZHAO Shengjie,WANG Longlong,CHENG Peng,et al.Discussions on lightning protection of terrestrial photovoltaic power plants[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(10):172-175.
[29]周强,汪宁渤,何世恩,等.高弃风弃光背景下中国新能源发展总结及前景探究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(10):146-154.ZHOU Qiang,WANG Ningbo,HE Shien,et al. Summary and prospect of China’s new energy development under the background of high abandoned new energy power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(10):146-154.
[30]胡钢,范伟东,李忠.基于BP神经网络光柴孤网运行优化控制研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(11):129-134.HU Gang,FAN Weidong,LI Zhong.Optimal control of photovoltaic-diesel isolated network based on bp neural networks[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(11):129-134.
[31]初壮,李钊,白望望.计及不确定性和环境因素的多类型分布式电源选址定容[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):34-41.CHU Zhuang,LI Zhao,BAI Wangwang. Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generations considering uncertainties and environmental factors[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):34-41.