燃料电池有轨电车能量管理策略多目标优化
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摘要
为研究一类以质子交换膜燃料电池、超级电容和动力电池为动力源的混合动力有轨电车能量管理问题,首先介绍该类有轨电车的混合动力系统结构和工作特点,提出一种基于系统工作模式的逻辑门限式能量管理策略,工作模式的切换通过多个控制参数来实现。针对该能量管理策略中控制参数的不确定性,应用多目标遗传算法,将整车超级电容和动力电池的最小配置成本以及有轨电车运行的能耗、准时性、准地点停车作为优化目标,对影响列车动力性能的主要能量管理策略控制参数进行优化。以国内某规划线路为实例,在已通过实车试验数据验证的系统仿真模型中进行优化分析,优化结果表明,在保证列车动力性能的前提下,优化后列车的总牵引能耗减少了约12.5%,回收的再生制动能量增加了约14.5%,燃料电池的平均效率提高了约0.83%;同时通过优化得到了超级电容和动力电池的最小容量配置,为整车车载储能系统的冗余配置提供参考。
In order to study the energy management problems of a tram based on fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery, the hybrid powertrain system structure and operation characteristics of tram are introduced, then an energy management strategy based on system operation mode is proposed, and the switching of the operation mode is achieved through a number of control parameters. Due to the uncertainty of the control parameters in the energy management strategy based on system operation mode, the minimum configuration cost of ultracapacitor and battery, the energy consumption of tram operation, punctuality and precise positioning parking are taken as the optimization goals, the multi-objective genetic algorithm(GA) is applied to optimize the control parameters in the control strategy. Taking a domestic planning line as an example, the optimization analysis is carried out in the system simulation model which has been verified by test data of a real tram, optimization results show that the total traction energy of the optimized tram is reduced by about 12.5% without sacrificing tram dynamic performance, the recovered regenerative braking energy is increased by about 14.5%, and the average efficiency of the fuel cell is increased by about 0.83%. Meanwhile, the minimum configuration of the ultracapacitor pack and battery pack are obtained by optimization, which provides the reference for the redundant configuration of the energy storage system.
In order to study the energy management problems of a tram based on fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery, the hybrid powertrain system structure and operation characteristics of tram are introduced, then an energy management strategy based on system operation mode is proposed, and the switching of the operation mode is achieved through a number of control parameters. Due to the uncertainty of the control parameters in the energy management strategy based on system operation mode, the minimum configuration cost of ultracapacitor and battery, the energy consumption of tram operation, punctuality and precise positioning parking are taken as the optimization goals, the multi-objective genetic algorithm(GA) is applied to optimize the control parameters in the control strategy. Taking a domestic planning line as an example, the optimization analysis is carried out in the system simulation model which has been verified by test data of a real tram, optimization results show that the total traction energy of the optimized tram is reduced by about 12.5% without sacrificing tram dynamic performance, the recovered regenerative braking energy is increased by about 14.5%, and the average efficiency of the fuel cell is increased by about 0.83%. Meanwhile, the minimum configuration of the ultracapacitor pack and battery pack are obtained by optimization, which provides the reference for the redundant configuration of the energy storage system.
引文
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[17]李少波,杨观赐.进化算法与混合动力系统优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.LI Shaobo,YANG Guanci.Evolution algorithm and optimization of hybrid system[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2013.
[18]HERRERA V I,GAZTANAGA H,MILO A,et al.Optimal energy management and sizing of a battery-supercapacitor-based light rail vehicle with a multiobjective approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(4):3367-3377.
[2]HERRERA V,MILO A,CAZTANAGE L,et al.Adaptive energy management strategy and optimal sizing applied on a battery-supercapacitor based tramway[J].Applied Energy,2016,169:831-845.
[3]陈维荣,卜庆元,刘志祥,等.燃料电池混合动力有轨电车动力系统设计[J].西南交通大学学报,2016,51(3):430-436.CHEN Weirong,BU Qingyuan,LIU Zhixiang,et al.Power system design for a fuel cell hybrid power tram[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2016,51(3):430-436.
[4]MILLER A R,HESS K S,BARNES D L,et al.System design of a large fuel cell hybrid locomotive[J].Journal of Power Sources,2007,173(2):935-942.
[5]OGAWA K,YAMAMOTO T,HASEGAWA H,et al.Development of the fuel-cell/battery hybrid railway vehicle[C]//Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.Dearborn:IEEE,2009:1730-1735.
[6]李明,刘楠,韩铁礼.燃料电池有轨电车冷却装置降噪设计及实验研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):97-104.LI Ming,LIU Nan,HAN Tieli.Noise reduction design and experimental research of cooling system of fuel cell tram[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(4):97-104.
[7]王钦普,杜思宇,李亮,等.基于粒子群算法的插电式混合动力客车实时策略[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(4):77-84.WANG Qinpu,DU Siyu,LI Liang,et al.Real-time energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric bus on particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(4):97-104.
[8]GARCIA P,FERNANDEZ L M,TORREGLOSA J P,et all.Operation mode control of a hybrid power system based on fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor for an electric tramway[J].Computers and Electrical Engineering,2013,39(7):1993-2004.
[9]TORREGLOSA J P,JURADO F,GARCIA P,et al.Application of cascade and fuzzy logic based control in a model of a fuel-cell hybrid tramway[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2011,24(1):1-11.
[10]GARCIA P,FERNANDEZ L M,TORREGLOSA J P,et al.Comparative study of four control systems for a400-kW fuel cell battery-powered tramway with two dc/dc converters[J].European Transactions on Electrical Power,2013,23(7):1028-1048.
[11]GARCIA P,TORREGLOSA J P,FERNANDEZ L M,et al.Control strategies for high-power electric vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cell,battery and supercapacitor[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2013,40(12):4791-4804.
[12]GARCIA P,TORREGLOSA J P,FERNANDEZ L M,et al.Viability study of a FC-battery-SC tramway controlled by equivalent consumption minimization strategy[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(11):9368-9382.
[13]TORREGLOSA J P,GARCIA P,FERNANDEZ L M.Predictive control for the energy management of a fuel-cell-battery-supercapacitor tramway[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Informatics,2014,10(1):276-285.
[14]ZHANG W,LI J,XU L,et al.Optimization for a fuel cell/battery/capacity tram with equivalent consumption minimization strategy[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,134:59-69.
[15]LI Q,CHEN W,LIU Z,et al.Development of energy management system based on a power sharing strategy for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,279:267-280.
[16]LI Q,YANG H,HAN Y,et al.A state machine strategy based on droop control for an energy management system of PEMFC-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(36):16148-16159.
[17]李少波,杨观赐.进化算法与混合动力系统优化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.LI Shaobo,YANG Guanci.Evolution algorithm and optimization of hybrid system[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2013.
[18]HERRERA V I,GAZTANAGA H,MILO A,et al.Optimal energy management and sizing of a battery-supercapacitor-based light rail vehicle with a multiobjective approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(4):3367-3377.