硬煤冲击倾向各向异性特征及破坏模式试验研究
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摘要
煤体冲击倾向性是煤矿冲击地压灾害危险程度的重要影响因素,层理等结构弱面使煤体冲击倾向性表现出各项异性特征。为探究煤体层理对冲击倾向性影响,自塔山矿4#煤层采集煤块,按不同层理角度加工成3组标准煤样,采用ZBL-U510非金属超声检测仪测得煤样波速,以MTS815.04型岩石伺服刚性试验系统测定力学参数,并对煤样破坏断口进行扫描电镜细观分析。研究结果表明:(1)塔山4#煤层具有典型硬煤特征,各项力学指标表现出强烈各向异性;(2)当层理面与加载方向夹角为90°时煤样冲击倾向性最强,0°时次之,45°时最弱;(3)将煤样应力–应变曲线归纳为3种典型形态,并对比分析不同层理角度煤样破坏形态;(4)基于煤样承载特征及宏观破坏模式差异,认为冲击倾向性由强到弱破坏模式依次为突发失稳、渐进失稳和延性失稳,从能量积聚与释放量级与速度角度分析了不同层理角度煤样冲击倾向性;(5)不同层理角度煤样断口形态不同,90°层理煤样断口呈光滑柱状,45°为粗糙破浪状,颗粒分布较多,0°为光滑台阶状,煤样存在穿晶与沿晶两种细观断裂方式,其能量吸收与断裂速度不同,导致煤样细观上冲击倾向的各向异性。
The impact tendency of coal is a key factor triggering mine impact disasters,and the anisotropy of the impact tendency is resulted from weak structural planes such as beddings. In order to explore the influence of coal bedding on the impact tendency,three groups of standard coal samples collected from Tashan #4 coal seam were processed according to different bedding angles. The wave velocities and the mechanical parameters of the coal samples were respectively measured by the ZBL-U510 non-metal ultrasonic detector and the MTS815.04 rock servo stiffness test system,and the fracture characteristics of the coal samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that Tashan #4 coal seam has typical hard coal characteristics and that every mechanical index shows strong anisotropy. The impact tendency of the samples is strongest at 90°of the bedding angle,followed by 0° and weakest at 45°. The stress-strain curves of the coal samples were summarized into three typical forms and the failure modes of the coal samples with different bedding angles were compared and analyzed. Based on the bearing characteristics and the difference of macro damage modes of the coal samples with different bedding angles,the failure modes for the impact tendency ranging from strong to weak are,in turn,sudden instability,progressive instability and ductile instability. The impact tendency of the coal samples with different bedding angles was analyzed from the point of the amount and the speed of energy accumulation and release. The fracture morphology of the coal samples with different bedding angles is different under scanning electron microscopy. The fracture morphologies at 90°,45° and 0° of the bedding angles are respectively smooth columnar,rough and breaking wave with more particles and smooth step. The samples have transgranular and intergranular fracture modes with different energy absorption and fracture speeds,which result in the mesoscopic difference of the impact tendency of the samples.
The impact tendency of coal is a key factor triggering mine impact disasters,and the anisotropy of the impact tendency is resulted from weak structural planes such as beddings. In order to explore the influence of coal bedding on the impact tendency,three groups of standard coal samples collected from Tashan #4 coal seam were processed according to different bedding angles. The wave velocities and the mechanical parameters of the coal samples were respectively measured by the ZBL-U510 non-metal ultrasonic detector and the MTS815.04 rock servo stiffness test system,and the fracture characteristics of the coal samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that Tashan #4 coal seam has typical hard coal characteristics and that every mechanical index shows strong anisotropy. The impact tendency of the samples is strongest at 90°of the bedding angle,followed by 0° and weakest at 45°. The stress-strain curves of the coal samples were summarized into three typical forms and the failure modes of the coal samples with different bedding angles were compared and analyzed. Based on the bearing characteristics and the difference of macro damage modes of the coal samples with different bedding angles,the failure modes for the impact tendency ranging from strong to weak are,in turn,sudden instability,progressive instability and ductile instability. The impact tendency of the coal samples with different bedding angles was analyzed from the point of the amount and the speed of energy accumulation and release. The fracture morphology of the coal samples with different bedding angles is different under scanning electron microscopy. The fracture morphologies at 90°,45° and 0° of the bedding angles are respectively smooth columnar,rough and breaking wave with more particles and smooth step. The samples have transgranular and intergranular fracture modes with different energy absorption and fracture speeds,which result in the mesoscopic difference of the impact tendency of the samples.
引文
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[8]窦林名,王云海,何学秋,等.煤样变形破坏峰值前后电磁辐射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):908-914.(DOULinming,WANG Yunhai,HE Xuqiu,et al.Study on electromagnetic emission characteristic for coal sample deformation and failure during pre-and post-peaking phases[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):908-914.(in Chinese))
[9]冯增朝,赵阳升.岩石非均质性与冲击倾向的相关规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1 863-1 865.(FENG Zengchao,ZHAO Yangsheng.Correlativity of rock inhomogeneity and rock burst trend[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1 863-1 865.(in Chinese))
[10]唐礼忠,王文星.一种新的岩爆倾向性指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):874-878.(TANG Lizhong,WANG Wenxing.New rock burst proneness index[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):874-878.(in Chinese))
[11]张绪言,冯国瑞,康立勋,等.用剩余能量释放速度判定煤岩冲击倾向性[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1 165-1 168.(ZHANG Xuyan,FENG Guorui,KANG Lixun,et al.Method to determine burst tendency of coal rock by residual energy emission speed[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1 165-1 168.(in Chinese))
[12]宫凤强,罗松,李夕兵,等.红砂岩张拉破坏过程中的线性储能和耗能规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(2):352-363.(GONG Fengqiang,LUO Song,LI Xibing,et al.Linear energy storage and dissipation rule of red sandstone materials during the tensile failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(2):352-363.(in Chinese))
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[18]李宏艳,康立军,徐子杰,等.不同冲击倾向煤体失稳破坏声发射先兆信息分析[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):384-388.(LI Hongyan,KANG Lijun,XU Zijie,et al.Precursor information analysis on acoustic emission of coal with different outburst proneness[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):384-388.(in Chinese))
[19]赵同彬,尹延春,谭云亮,等.基于颗粒流理论的煤岩冲击倾向性细观模拟试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(2):280-285.(ZHAOTongbin,YIN Yanchun,TAN Yunliang,et al.Bursting liability of coal research of heterogeneous coal based on particle flow icroscopic test[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):280-285.(in Chinese))
[20]潘结南,孟召平,刘保民.煤系岩石的成分、结构与其冲击倾向性关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4 422-4 427.(PANJienan,MENG Zhaoping,LIU Baomin.Relationship between rock composition and texture of coal-bearing formation and its burst potential[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4 422-4 427.(in Chinese))
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