黄、渤海沉积物中陆源脂类有机质的组成分布与转化特征
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摘要
本文对黄、渤海表层沉积物中脂类化合物的组成进行了分析研究。结果表明,黄、渤海表层沉积物有机碳的含量为0.03%~1.02%,以黄河口含量最低,黄河口外和双台子河口外,以及北黄海和南黄海中部含量较高。有机质碳稳定同位素δ13C的分布为-21.55‰~-24.28‰,表征其陆海双重来源特征,并且海源特征由河口向海、由近岸向离岸逐渐增强。陆源脂类化合物以河口处略高,河道处略低,由河口向渤海中部和靠近渤海海峡方向迅速降低,表现出显著的河流输入特征;其形态组成由河道的游离态接近100%的绝对优势,迅速转变为渤海中部的以皂化结合态为主(大于50%),仅在渤海中部和渤海海峡附近存在小于5%的矿物结合态,转化程度较低。北黄海中部和南黄海中部泥质区的有机碳和陆源脂类化合物显著富集,但其对总有机碳的相对贡献较小;其中皂化结合态超过50%,矿物结合态小于10%,说明其具有中等偏高的转化程度。
Surface sediments were analyzed in order to demonstrate the distribution and transformation of terrestrial organic matter in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea.Organic carbon ranged at 0.03%-1.02%in the surface sediments,in which low in the estuary of Yellow River and higher in areas off the estuaries of Yellow Sea and Shuangtaizi River,as well as higher in the central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea.δ13C of organic carbon ranged at-21.55‰and-24.28‰,indicating both terrestrial and oceanic sources of organic carbon,and the oceanic source increased from near shore to off shore areas.Long chain fatty acids,long chain alcohols and terrestrial sterols existed higher in the estuaries,a little lower in the rivers,and rapidly decreased from estuary to the central Bohai Sea,suggesting significant riverine inputs.Meanwhile,the free lipids absolutely dominated by almost 100%in estuaries,and saponified lipids primarily contributed by >50% and a little mineral associated lipids accounted for<5%in the central Bohai Sea and Bohai Strait.The degradation of terrestrial lipids was significant from estuaries to central Bohai Sea and Bohai Strait,and the lipids were transformed in younger stage.Both organic carbon and terrestrial lipids highly accumulated in the fine-clay areas of central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea,but the terrestrial organic carbon contributed in minor ratio to total organic carbon.Saponified lipids accounted for>50%and mineral associated lipids<10%to total lipids,which implied a middle transformation of terrestrial organic carbon in fine-clay areas of central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea.
Surface sediments were analyzed in order to demonstrate the distribution and transformation of terrestrial organic matter in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea.Organic carbon ranged at 0.03%-1.02%in the surface sediments,in which low in the estuary of Yellow River and higher in areas off the estuaries of Yellow Sea and Shuangtaizi River,as well as higher in the central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea.δ13C of organic carbon ranged at-21.55‰and-24.28‰,indicating both terrestrial and oceanic sources of organic carbon,and the oceanic source increased from near shore to off shore areas.Long chain fatty acids,long chain alcohols and terrestrial sterols existed higher in the estuaries,a little lower in the rivers,and rapidly decreased from estuary to the central Bohai Sea,suggesting significant riverine inputs.Meanwhile,the free lipids absolutely dominated by almost 100%in estuaries,and saponified lipids primarily contributed by >50% and a little mineral associated lipids accounted for<5%in the central Bohai Sea and Bohai Strait.The degradation of terrestrial lipids was significant from estuaries to central Bohai Sea and Bohai Strait,and the lipids were transformed in younger stage.Both organic carbon and terrestrial lipids highly accumulated in the fine-clay areas of central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea,but the terrestrial organic carbon contributed in minor ratio to total organic carbon.Saponified lipids accounted for>50%and mineral associated lipids<10%to total lipids,which implied a middle transformation of terrestrial organic carbon in fine-clay areas of central North Yellow Sea and central South Yellow Sea.
引文
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[2] Hedges J I,Keil R G.Sedimentary organic matter preservation:an assessment and speculative synthesis[J].Marine Chemistry,1995,49(2):81-115.
[3] Emerson S,Stump C,Grootes P M,et al.Estimates of degradable organic carbon in deep-sea surface sediments from14C concentrations[J].Nature,1987,329(6134):51-53.
[4] McKee B A,Aller R C,Allison M A,et al.Transport and transformation of dissolved and particulate materials on continental margins influenced by major rivers:benthic boundary layer and seabed processes[J].Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(S7/8):899-926.
[5] 张龙军,张向上,王晓亮,等.黄河口有机碳的时空输运特征及其影响因素分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(5):674-682.Zhang Longjun,Zhang Xiangshang,Wang Xiaoliang,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in Yellow River estuary[J].Advances in Water Science,2007,18(5):674-682.
[6] Wang H,Wang A,Bi N,et al.Seasonal distribution of suspended sediment in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,90:17-32.
[7] Yang Z,Ji Y,Bi N,et al.Sediment transport off the Huanghe(Yellow River)delta and in the adjacent Bohai Sea in winter and seasonal comparison[J].Estuarine Coastal &Shelf Science,2011,93(3):173-181.
[8] 李先国,杜培瑞,孙书文,等.山东半岛东北岸近海表层沉积物中木质素的分布特征及有机物来源[J].海洋湖沼通报,2013(2):81-88.Li Xianguo,Du Peirui,Sun Shuwen,et al.Distribution characteristics of lignin and sources of organic matter in surface sediments offshore of north eastern Shandong Peninsula[J].Transaction of Oceanology and Limnology,2013(2):81-88.
[9] 吴莹,张经,于志刚.渤海柱状沉积物中烃类化合物的分布[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(2):273-277.Wu Ying,Zhang Jing,Yu Zhigang.Distribution of lipids in the core sediments of the Bohai[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2001,37(2):273-277.
[10] Kang Y,Wang X,Dai M,et al.Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,27:297-308.
[11] 李玲伟,刘素美,周召千,等.渤海中南部沉积物中生源要素的分布特征[J].海洋科学,2010(11):59-68.Li Lingwei,Liu Simei,Zhou Zhaoqian,et al.Distribution of biogenic elements in the southern and central Bohai Sea sediments[J].Marine Sciences,2010(11):59-68.
[12] 李先国,王敏,孙书文,等.渤海表层沉积物中木质素的分布特征及其对陆源有机物来源的示踪意义[J].海洋环境科学,2013(3):327-332.Li Xianguo,Wang Min,Sun Shuwen,et al.Distribution of lignin in the surface sediments of Bohai Sea and its implication for tracing terrigenous organic matter[J].Marine Environmental Science,2013(3):327-332.
[13] Volkman J K.A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,9(2):83-99.
[14] Tulloch A P.Chemistry of waxes of higher plants[M]//Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Waxes.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1976:235-287.
[15] Gillan F T,Sandstrom M W.Microbial lipids from a nearshore sediment from Bowling Green Bay,North Queensland:the fatty acids composition of intact lipid fractions[J].Organic Geochemistry,1985,8:321-328.
[16] Keneda T.Iso-and anteiso-fatty acids in bacteria:biosynthesis,function,and taxonomic significance[J].Microbiology Reviews,1991,55(2):288-302.
[17] Parker R J,Taylor J.The relationship between fatty acids distributions and bacterial respiratory types in contemporary marine sediments[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1983,16(2):173-189.
[18] Volkman J K,Johns R B,Gillan F T,et al.Microbial lipids of an intertidal sediment-Ⅰ.Fatty acids and hydrocarbons[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1980,44(8):1133-1143.
[19] Volkman J K,Jeffrey S W,Nichols P D,et al.Fatty acid and lipids composition of 10species of microalgae used in mariculture[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1989,128(3):219-240.
[20] Cranwell P A.Lipids of aquatic sediments and sedimenting particulates[J].Progress in Lipids Research,1982,21:271-308.
[21] Simoneit B R T.The organic chemistry of marine sediments[M]//Chemical Oceanography 7.London:Academic Press,1978:33-311.
[22] 杨庶,王江涛.山东半岛南部近海表层沉积物中脂类生物标志物的组成及形态分析[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(1):11-15.Yang Shu,Wang Jiangtao.Composition and form distribution of lipids biomarkers in surficial sediments in southern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(1):11-15.
[23] Chikaraishi Y,Naraoka H.δ13C andδD identification of sources of lipid biomarkers in sediments of Lake Haruna(Japan)[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(13):3285-3297.
[24] Sun M Y,Zou L,Dai J,et al.Molecular carbon isotopic fractionation of algal lipids during decomposition in natural oxic and anoxic seawaters[J].Organic Geochemistry,2004,35(8):895-908.
[25] 杜天君.黄河三角洲潮间带区域脂类有机碳的来源和埋藏特征[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.Du Tianjun.Sources and preservation of organic carbon and lipids in the intertidal areas of the Yellow River Delta[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011.
[26] 彭溶.应用脂类化合物研究北黄海沉积物有机碳的埋藏特征[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Peng Rong.Sedimentary of organic carbon in the sediments of North Yellow Sea:indicated by lipid compounds[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[27] Emerson S,Hedges J I.Processes controlling the organic carbon content of open ocean sediments[J].Paleoceanography,1988,3(5):621-634.
[28] 胡利民.大河控制性影响下的陆架海沉积有机质的“源-汇”作用——以黄、渤海为例[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Hu Limin.Sources and sinks of sedimentary organic matter in the river-dominated continental shelves:a case study in the Bohai and Yellow Seas[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010.
[29] 沈焕庭,贺松林,潘定安,等.长江河口最大浑浊带研究[J].地理学报,1992(5):472-479.Shen Huanting,He Songlin,Pan Dingan,et al.A study of turbidity maximum in the Changjiang estuary[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1992(5):472-479.
[30] Hu L M,Guo Z G,Feng J L,et al.Distributions and sources of bulk organic matter and aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea,China[J].Marine Chemistry,2009,113(3):197-211.
[31] 吕新刚,赵昌,夏长水,等.胶州湾水交换及湾口潮余流特征的数值研究[J].海洋学报,2010,32(2):20-30.Lv Xin’gang,Zhao Chang,Xia Changshui,et al.Numerical study of water exchange in the Jiaozhou Bay and the tidal residual currents near the bay mouth[J].Haiyang Xuebao,2010,32(2):20-30.
[32] 秦蕴珊,李凡.黄河入海泥沙对渤海和黄海沉积作用的影响[J].海洋科学集刊,1986,27:124-134.Qin Yunshan,Li Fan.The influence of Yellow River sediment into the sea on sedimentation in Bohai and Huanghai seas[J].Study Marina Sinica,1986,27:124-134.
[33] 董礼先,苏纪兰,王康墡.黄渤海潮流场及其与沉积物搬运的关系[J].海洋学报,1989,11(1):102-114.Dong Lixian,Su Jilan,Wang Kangshan.Tidal current filed and the relationship with sediments transportation in Bohai and Yellow Seas[J].Haiyang Xuebao,1989,11(1):102-114.
[34] Qu T,Hu D.Upwelling and sedimentation dynamics[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology &Limnology,1984,2(1):12-19.
[35] 程鹏,高抒.北黄海西部海底沉积物的粒度特征和净输运趋势[J].海洋与湖沼,2000(6):604-615.Cheng Peng,Gao Shu.Net sediment transport patterns over the northwestern Yellow Sea,based upon grain size trend analysis[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2000(6):604-615.
[36] Hu L,Shi X,Guo Z,et al.Sources,dispersal and preservation of sedimentary organic matter in the Yellow Sea:The importance of depositional hydrodynamic forcing[J].Marine Geology,2013,335(1):52-63.
[37] Qu T,Hu D.Upwelling and sedimentation dynamicsⅡ.A simple model[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology &Limnology,1993,11(4):289-295.
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