结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘影响因素及早期预测指标
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摘要
<正>最新的全球癌症统计数据显示,结直肠癌的发病率居所有恶性肿瘤发病率的第3位,是人类主要的恶性肿瘤之一~([1])。手术是结直肠癌的主要治疗方式。然而,结直肠癌手术不可避免地会出现相关并发症,包括吻合口瘘、出血、感染等。其中吻合口瘘
引文
[1] Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global cancer statistics2018:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2018, 68(6):394-424.
[2] Rahbari NN, Weitz J, Hohenberger W, et al. Definition and grading of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum:a proposal by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer[J].Surgery, 2010, 147(3):339-351.
[3] Milone M, Elmore U, Disalvo E, et al. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis. Results from a multicentre comparative study on 512 right-sided colorectal cancers[J]. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(8):2314-2320.
[4] Leichtle SW, Mouawad NJ, Welch KB, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colectomy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, 55(5):569-575.
[5] Carlomagno N, Santangelo ML, Amato B, et al. Total colectomy for cancer:analysis of factors linked to patients’ age[J]. Int J Surg, 2014,12 Suppl 2:S135-S139.
[6] Chadi SA, Fingerhut A, Berho M, et al. Emerging trends in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2016, 20(12):2035-2051.
[7] Mik M, Berut M, Trzcinski R, et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce infections after colorectal cancer surgery[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2016, 401(8):1153-1162.
[8] Reisinger KW, Poeze M, Hulsewe KW, et al. Accurate prediction of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery using plasma markers for intestinal damage and inflammation[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2014,219(4):744-751.
[9]吴国刚,刘兆润,冷梅,等.降钙素原与C反应蛋白在预测结直肠癌手术后吻合口瘘的临床价值[J].中华普通外科学文献(电子版),2018,12(4):228.
[10]吕强,姜协,颜荣林.双吻合器技术在直肠癌保肛手术中吻合口瘘的危险因素分析[J].中国癌症杂志,2017,27(11):903-907.
[11]蔡泽贤.腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及预防[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2018,21(02):66-68.
[12] Yamamoto S, Fujita S, Akasu T, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer using a stapling technique[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2012, 22(3):239-243.
[13] Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, et al. Effect of body mass index on short-term outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer:a single institution experience in Japan[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2011, 21(6):409-414.
[14] Kwak HD, Kim SH, Kang DW, et al. Risk Factors and Oncologic Outcomes of Anastomosis Leakage After Laparoscopic Right Colectomy[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2017, 27(6):440-444.
[15] Zhu QL, Feng B, Lu AG, et al. Laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma:complications and management in 132 consecutive patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(36):4605-4610.
[16] Kube R, Mroczkowski P, Granowski D, et al. Anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery:a predictor of significant morbidity and hospital mortality, and diminished tumour-free survival[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2010, 36(2):120-124.
[17] Trencheva K, Morrissey KP, Wells M, et al. Identifying important predictors for anastomotic leak after colon and rectal resection:prospective study on 616 patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2013, 257(1):108-113.
[18] Kawada K, Hasegawa S, Hida K, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection with DST anastomosis[J]. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(10):2988-2995.
[19] Park JS, Choi GS, Kim SH, et al. Multicenter analysis of risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal cancer excision:the Korean laparoscopic colorectal surgery study group[J].Ann Surg, 2013, 257(4):665-671.
[20] Choi DH, Hwang JK, Ko YT, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection[J]. J Korean Soc Coloproctol, 2010, 26(4):265-273.
[21] Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer:the impact of fibrin glue[J]. Am J Surg,2010, 199(4):435-441.
[22] Kim JS, Cho SY, Min BS, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic intracorporeal colorectal anastomosis with a double stapling technique[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2009, 209(6):694-701.
[23]李思源,赵鹏,李洪波,等.结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的危险因素分析[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2015,18(2):163-164.
[24] Hamabe A, Ito M, Nishigori H, et al. Preventive effect of diverting stoma on anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection with double stapling technique reconstruction applied based on risk stratification[J]. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2018, 11(3):220-226.
[25] Ito M, Sugito M, Kobayashi A, et al. Relationship between multiple numbers of stapler firings during rectal division and anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis,2008, 23(7):703-707.
[26] Silvavelazco J, Stocchi L, Costedio M, et al. Is there anything we can modify among factors associated with morbidity following elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis[J]. Surg Endosc,2016, 30(8):3541-3551.
[27]赵松,童卫东.预置肛管在防治直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的作用[J].中华胃肠外科杂志,2016,19(6):714-717.
[28] Shimura T, Toiyama Y, Hiro J, et al. Monitoring perioperative serum albumin can identify anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients with curative intent[J]. Asian J Surg, 2018, 41(1):30-38.
[29] Tanaka K, Okuda J, Yamamoto S, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery with the double stapling technique for stage 0/I rectal carcinoma:a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, single-arm phaseⅡtrial[J]. Surg Today, 2017, 47(10):1215-1222.
[30] Ito T, Obama K, Sato T, et al. Usefulness of transanal tube placement for prevention of anastomotic leakage following laparoscopic low anterior resection[J]. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2017, 10(1):17-22.
[31] Shogan BD, Carlisle EM, Alverdy JC, et al. Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013, 17(9):1698-1707.
[32] Garfinkle R, Aboukualil J, Morin N, et al. Is There a Role for Oral Antibiotic Preparation Alone Before Colorectal Surgery ACSNSQIP Analysis by Coarsened Exact Matching[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2017, 60(7):729-737.
[33] Yost MT, Jolissaint JS, Fiekds AC, et al. Mechanical and Oral Antibiotic Bowel Preparation in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018,28(5):491-495.
[34] Van Praagh JB, De Goffau MC, Bakker IS, et al. Intestinal microbiota and anastomotic leakage of stapled colorectal anastomoses:a pilot study[J]. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(6):2259-2265.
[35] Shogan BD, Belogortseva N, Luong PM, et al. Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by Enterococcus faecalis contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2015, 7(286):286ra68.
[36]徐谊,赵晓牧,孙武青,等.直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生相关因素分析[J].首都医科大学学报,2017,38(5):727-732.
[37] Singh PP, Srinivasa S, Bambarawana S, et al. Perioperative use of statins in elective colectomy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, 55(2):205-210.
[38] Walker KG, Bell SW, Rickard MJ, et al. Anastomotic leakage is predictive of diminished survival after potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(2):255-259.
[39] Mcardle CS, Mcmillan DC, Hole DJ. Impact of anastomotic leakage on long-term survival of patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Surg, 2005, 92(9):1150-1154.
[40] Su'a BU, Mikaere HL, Rahiri JL, et al. Systematic review of the role of biomarkers in diagnosing anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery[J]. Br J Surg, 2017, 104(5):503-512.
[41]刘维波,邹德龄,王怀帅,等.直肠癌前切除术吻合口瘘术中预防策略[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2014,(3):35-36.
[42] Lagoutte N, Facy O, Ravoire A, et al. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin for the early detection of anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery:pilot study in 100 patients[J]. J Visc Surg,2012, 149(5):e345-349.
[43] Kostic Z, Panisic M, Milev B, et al. Diagnostic value of serial measurement of C-reactive protein in serum and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in drainage fluid in the detection of infectious complications and anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal resection[J]. Vojnosanit Pregl, 2015, 72(10):889-898.
[44] Almeida AB, Faria G, Moreira H, et al. Elevated serum C-reactive protein as a predictive factor for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery[J]. Int J Surg, 2012, 10(2):87-91.
[45] Facy O, Paquette B, Orry D, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers as early predictors of infection after elective colorectal surgery:results from the IMACORS study[J]. Ann Surg, 2016,263(5):961-966.
[46] Garcia-granero A, Frasson M, Flor-lorente B, et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early predictors of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery:a prospective observational study[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2013, 56(4):475-483.
[47] Giaccaglia V, Salvi PF, Antonelli MS, et al. Procalcitonin reveals early dehiscence in colorectal surgery:the PREDICS study[J]. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(5):967-972.
[48] Ortega-deballon P, Radais F, Facy O, et al. C-reactive protein is an early predictor of septic complications after elective colorectal surgery[J]. World J Surg, 2010, 34(4):808-814.
[49] Pedersen T, Roikjaer O, Jess P. Increased levels of C-reactive protein and leukocyte count are poor predictors of anastomotic leakage following laparoscopic colorectal resection[J]. Dan Med J,2012, 59(12):A4552.
[50] Platt JJ, Ramanathan ML, Crosbie RA, et al. C-reactive protein as a predictor of postoperative infective complications after curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2012, 19(13):4168-4177.
[51] Warschkow R, Tarantino I, Torzewski M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and white blood cell counts in the early detection of inflammatory complications after open resection of colorectal cancer:a retrospective study of 1,187 patients[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2011, 26(11):1405-1413.
[52] Kaser SA, Nitsche U, Maak M, et al. Could hyponatremia be a marker of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery? A single center analysis of 1,106 patients over 5 years[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2014, 399(6):783-788.
[53] Korner H, Nielsen HJ, Soreide JA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Creactive protein for intraabdominal infections after colorectal resections[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2009, 13(9):1599-1606.
[54] Bertram P, Junge K, Schachtrupp A, et al. Peritoneal release of TNFalpha and IL-6 after elective colorectal surgery and anastomotic leakage[J]. J Invest Surg, 2003, 16(2):65-69.
[55] Yang L, Huang XE, Xu L, et al. Acidic pelvic drainage as a predictive factor for anastomotic leakage after surgery for patients with rectal cancer[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013, 14(9):5441-5447.
[56] Komen N, Slieker J, Willemsen P, et al. Polymerase chain reaction for Enterococcus faecalis in drain fluid:the first screening test for symptomatic colorectal anastomotic leakage. The Appeal-study:analysis of parameters predictive for evident anastomotic leakage[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(1):15-21.
[2] Rahbari NN, Weitz J, Hohenberger W, et al. Definition and grading of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum:a proposal by the International Study Group of Rectal Cancer[J].Surgery, 2010, 147(3):339-351.
[3] Milone M, Elmore U, Disalvo E, et al. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis. Results from a multicentre comparative study on 512 right-sided colorectal cancers[J]. Surg Endosc, 2015, 29(8):2314-2320.
[4] Leichtle SW, Mouawad NJ, Welch KB, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colectomy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, 55(5):569-575.
[5] Carlomagno N, Santangelo ML, Amato B, et al. Total colectomy for cancer:analysis of factors linked to patients’ age[J]. Int J Surg, 2014,12 Suppl 2:S135-S139.
[6] Chadi SA, Fingerhut A, Berho M, et al. Emerging trends in the etiology, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2016, 20(12):2035-2051.
[7] Mik M, Berut M, Trzcinski R, et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics reduce infections after colorectal cancer surgery[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2016, 401(8):1153-1162.
[8] Reisinger KW, Poeze M, Hulsewe KW, et al. Accurate prediction of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery using plasma markers for intestinal damage and inflammation[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2014,219(4):744-751.
[9]吴国刚,刘兆润,冷梅,等.降钙素原与C反应蛋白在预测结直肠癌手术后吻合口瘘的临床价值[J].中华普通外科学文献(电子版),2018,12(4):228.
[10]吕强,姜协,颜荣林.双吻合器技术在直肠癌保肛手术中吻合口瘘的危险因素分析[J].中国癌症杂志,2017,27(11):903-907.
[11]蔡泽贤.腹腔镜直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及预防[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2018,21(02):66-68.
[12] Yamamoto S, Fujita S, Akasu T, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer using a stapling technique[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2012, 22(3):239-243.
[13] Akiyoshi T, Ueno M, Fukunaga Y, et al. Effect of body mass index on short-term outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer:a single institution experience in Japan[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2011, 21(6):409-414.
[14] Kwak HD, Kim SH, Kang DW, et al. Risk Factors and Oncologic Outcomes of Anastomosis Leakage After Laparoscopic Right Colectomy[J]. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2017, 27(6):440-444.
[15] Zhu QL, Feng B, Lu AG, et al. Laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma:complications and management in 132 consecutive patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(36):4605-4610.
[16] Kube R, Mroczkowski P, Granowski D, et al. Anastomotic leakage after colon cancer surgery:a predictor of significant morbidity and hospital mortality, and diminished tumour-free survival[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2010, 36(2):120-124.
[17] Trencheva K, Morrissey KP, Wells M, et al. Identifying important predictors for anastomotic leak after colon and rectal resection:prospective study on 616 patients[J]. Ann Surg, 2013, 257(1):108-113.
[18] Kawada K, Hasegawa S, Hida K, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection with DST anastomosis[J]. Surg Endosc, 2014, 28(10):2988-2995.
[19] Park JS, Choi GS, Kim SH, et al. Multicenter analysis of risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal cancer excision:the Korean laparoscopic colorectal surgery study group[J].Ann Surg, 2013, 257(4):665-671.
[20] Choi DH, Hwang JK, Ko YT, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection[J]. J Korean Soc Coloproctol, 2010, 26(4):265-273.
[21] Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer:the impact of fibrin glue[J]. Am J Surg,2010, 199(4):435-441.
[22] Kim JS, Cho SY, Min BS, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic intracorporeal colorectal anastomosis with a double stapling technique[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 2009, 209(6):694-701.
[23]李思源,赵鹏,李洪波,等.结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的危险因素分析[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2015,18(2):163-164.
[24] Hamabe A, Ito M, Nishigori H, et al. Preventive effect of diverting stoma on anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection with double stapling technique reconstruction applied based on risk stratification[J]. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2018, 11(3):220-226.
[25] Ito M, Sugito M, Kobayashi A, et al. Relationship between multiple numbers of stapler firings during rectal division and anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis,2008, 23(7):703-707.
[26] Silvavelazco J, Stocchi L, Costedio M, et al. Is there anything we can modify among factors associated with morbidity following elective laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis[J]. Surg Endosc,2016, 30(8):3541-3551.
[27]赵松,童卫东.预置肛管在防治直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的作用[J].中华胃肠外科杂志,2016,19(6):714-717.
[28] Shimura T, Toiyama Y, Hiro J, et al. Monitoring perioperative serum albumin can identify anastomotic leakage in colorectal cancer patients with curative intent[J]. Asian J Surg, 2018, 41(1):30-38.
[29] Tanaka K, Okuda J, Yamamoto S, et al. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery with the double stapling technique for stage 0/I rectal carcinoma:a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, single-arm phaseⅡtrial[J]. Surg Today, 2017, 47(10):1215-1222.
[30] Ito T, Obama K, Sato T, et al. Usefulness of transanal tube placement for prevention of anastomotic leakage following laparoscopic low anterior resection[J]. Asian J Endosc Surg, 2017, 10(1):17-22.
[31] Shogan BD, Carlisle EM, Alverdy JC, et al. Do we really know why colorectal anastomoses leak[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2013, 17(9):1698-1707.
[32] Garfinkle R, Aboukualil J, Morin N, et al. Is There a Role for Oral Antibiotic Preparation Alone Before Colorectal Surgery ACSNSQIP Analysis by Coarsened Exact Matching[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2017, 60(7):729-737.
[33] Yost MT, Jolissaint JS, Fiekds AC, et al. Mechanical and Oral Antibiotic Bowel Preparation in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery and Enhanced Recovery[J]. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2018,28(5):491-495.
[34] Van Praagh JB, De Goffau MC, Bakker IS, et al. Intestinal microbiota and anastomotic leakage of stapled colorectal anastomoses:a pilot study[J]. Surg Endosc, 2016, 30(6):2259-2265.
[35] Shogan BD, Belogortseva N, Luong PM, et al. Collagen degradation and MMP9 activation by Enterococcus faecalis contribute to intestinal anastomotic leak[J]. Sci Transl Med, 2015, 7(286):286ra68.
[36]徐谊,赵晓牧,孙武青,等.直肠癌低位前切除术后吻合口瘘发生相关因素分析[J].首都医科大学学报,2017,38(5):727-732.
[37] Singh PP, Srinivasa S, Bambarawana S, et al. Perioperative use of statins in elective colectomy[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2012, 55(2):205-210.
[38] Walker KG, Bell SW, Rickard MJ, et al. Anastomotic leakage is predictive of diminished survival after potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg, 2004, 240(2):255-259.
[39] Mcardle CS, Mcmillan DC, Hole DJ. Impact of anastomotic leakage on long-term survival of patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer[J]. Br J Surg, 2005, 92(9):1150-1154.
[40] Su'a BU, Mikaere HL, Rahiri JL, et al. Systematic review of the role of biomarkers in diagnosing anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery[J]. Br J Surg, 2017, 104(5):503-512.
[41]刘维波,邹德龄,王怀帅,等.直肠癌前切除术吻合口瘘术中预防策略[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2014,(3):35-36.
[42] Lagoutte N, Facy O, Ravoire A, et al. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin for the early detection of anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery:pilot study in 100 patients[J]. J Visc Surg,2012, 149(5):e345-349.
[43] Kostic Z, Panisic M, Milev B, et al. Diagnostic value of serial measurement of C-reactive protein in serum and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in drainage fluid in the detection of infectious complications and anastomotic leakage in patients with colorectal resection[J]. Vojnosanit Pregl, 2015, 72(10):889-898.
[44] Almeida AB, Faria G, Moreira H, et al. Elevated serum C-reactive protein as a predictive factor for anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery[J]. Int J Surg, 2012, 10(2):87-91.
[45] Facy O, Paquette B, Orry D, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory markers as early predictors of infection after elective colorectal surgery:results from the IMACORS study[J]. Ann Surg, 2016,263(5):961-966.
[46] Garcia-granero A, Frasson M, Flor-lorente B, et al. Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early predictors of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery:a prospective observational study[J]. Dis Colon Rectum, 2013, 56(4):475-483.
[47] Giaccaglia V, Salvi PF, Antonelli MS, et al. Procalcitonin reveals early dehiscence in colorectal surgery:the PREDICS study[J]. Ann Surg, 2016, 263(5):967-972.
[48] Ortega-deballon P, Radais F, Facy O, et al. C-reactive protein is an early predictor of septic complications after elective colorectal surgery[J]. World J Surg, 2010, 34(4):808-814.
[49] Pedersen T, Roikjaer O, Jess P. Increased levels of C-reactive protein and leukocyte count are poor predictors of anastomotic leakage following laparoscopic colorectal resection[J]. Dan Med J,2012, 59(12):A4552.
[50] Platt JJ, Ramanathan ML, Crosbie RA, et al. C-reactive protein as a predictor of postoperative infective complications after curative resection in patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol,2012, 19(13):4168-4177.
[51] Warschkow R, Tarantino I, Torzewski M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein and white blood cell counts in the early detection of inflammatory complications after open resection of colorectal cancer:a retrospective study of 1,187 patients[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2011, 26(11):1405-1413.
[52] Kaser SA, Nitsche U, Maak M, et al. Could hyponatremia be a marker of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery? A single center analysis of 1,106 patients over 5 years[J]. Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2014, 399(6):783-788.
[53] Korner H, Nielsen HJ, Soreide JA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Creactive protein for intraabdominal infections after colorectal resections[J]. J Gastrointest Surg, 2009, 13(9):1599-1606.
[54] Bertram P, Junge K, Schachtrupp A, et al. Peritoneal release of TNFalpha and IL-6 after elective colorectal surgery and anastomotic leakage[J]. J Invest Surg, 2003, 16(2):65-69.
[55] Yang L, Huang XE, Xu L, et al. Acidic pelvic drainage as a predictive factor for anastomotic leakage after surgery for patients with rectal cancer[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013, 14(9):5441-5447.
[56] Komen N, Slieker J, Willemsen P, et al. Polymerase chain reaction for Enterococcus faecalis in drain fluid:the first screening test for symptomatic colorectal anastomotic leakage. The Appeal-study:analysis of parameters predictive for evident anastomotic leakage[J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2014, 29(1):15-21.