橡胶草90年来主要研究成果及最新研究进展
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摘要
天然橡胶是重要的国防战略物质,巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg)是天然橡胶的唯一来源,天然橡胶商业化形式极为单一,潜在的供给不足问题亟待解决。因此,寻找可替代巴西橡胶树的产胶植物一直受到全世界高度重视。蒲公英属橡胶草(Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin)根部含有与橡胶树橡胶类似的天然橡胶分子,该植物主要分布在温带和寒带地区,具有易于机械化收获、生长周期短、遗传转化相对容易等特点,是最具开发潜力的产胶植物。本文对橡胶草90年(1931-2018)来的研究历史和主要成果进行了概括,对近10年取得的最新成果进行了深度分析,并预测橡胶草在未来天然橡胶产业中的作用,期望为开展橡胶草商业化生产和橡胶生物合成相关基础研究提供一定的参考。
Natural rubber is a critical resource for the national defense industry. The tropical para rubber tree( Hevea brasiliensis( Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg) is the only commercial source of natural rubber,and the commercialization forms are relatively single. Thus,the potential supply shortages need to be solved urgently,with particular attention on alternative rubber producing crops. The roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin( TKS) contain a high natural rubber content,with a similar molecular structure to that produced in the rubber tree. TKS is mainly distributed in temperate and cold zones and can easily be harvested by machine. Its life cycle is short,and genetic transformation is also relatively easy. Thus,TKS is considered a promising candidate for natural rubber production. This review summarized the development history and major achievements of previous studies on rubber grass over the past 90( 1931-2018) years. An in-depth analysis was performed to highlight new achievements from the past decade. We also predicted the future roles of TKS in the natural rubber industry. This review is expected to provide a useful reference and theoretical basis for further TKS research.
Natural rubber is a critical resource for the national defense industry. The tropical para rubber tree( Hevea brasiliensis( Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg) is the only commercial source of natural rubber,and the commercialization forms are relatively single. Thus,the potential supply shortages need to be solved urgently,with particular attention on alternative rubber producing crops. The roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin( TKS) contain a high natural rubber content,with a similar molecular structure to that produced in the rubber tree. TKS is mainly distributed in temperate and cold zones and can easily be harvested by machine. Its life cycle is short,and genetic transformation is also relatively easy. Thus,TKS is considered a promising candidate for natural rubber production. This review summarized the development history and major achievements of previous studies on rubber grass over the past 90( 1931-2018) years. An in-depth analysis was performed to highlight new achievements from the past decade. We also predicted the future roles of TKS in the natural rubber industry. This review is expected to provide a useful reference and theoretical basis for further TKS research.
引文
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[2] Cornish K,Kopicky SL,Mcnulty SK,Amstutz N,Chanon AM,Walker S,et al. Temporal diversity of Taraxacum koksaghyz plants reveals high rubber yield phenotypes[J].Biodiversitas,2016,17(2):847-856.
[3] Wang XC,Wang D,Sun Y,Yang Q,Chang LL,Wang LM,et al. Comprehensive proteomics analysis of laticifer latex reveals new insights into ethylene stimulation of natural rubber production[J]. Sci Rep,2015,5:13778.
[4] Warren-Thomas E,Dolman PM,Edwards,DP. Increasing demand for natural rubber necessitates a robust sustainability initiative to mitigate impacts on tropical biodiversity[J]. Conserv Lett,2015,8:230-241.
[5] van Beilen JB,Poirier Y. Guayule and Russian dandelion as alternative sources of natural rubber[J]. Crit Rev Biotechnol,2007,27:217-231.
[6] Whalen M, McMahan C, Shintani D. Development of crops to produce industrially useful natural rubber[M]//Bach TJ,Rohmer M eds. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and Microorganisms. New York:Springer,2012:329-345.
[7] Musto S,Barbera V,Maggio M,Mauro M,Guerra G,Galimberti M. Crystallinity and crystalline phase orientation of poly(1,4-cis-isoprene)from Hevea brasiliensis and Taraxacum kok-saghyz[J]. Polym Adv Technol,2016,27(8):1082-1090.
[8] Krotkov G. A review of literature on Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rod[J]. Bot Rev,1945,11(8):417-461.
[9]罗士苇.橡胶草:产胶植物的介绍之一[J].科学通报,1950,1(8):559-564.
[10] Volis S,Uteulin K,Mills D. Russian dandelion(Taraxacum Kok-saghyz):one more example of over collecting in the past?[J]. J App Bot Food Qual,2009,83(1):60-63.
[11] Kirschner J,Stepanek J,Cerny T,De Heer P,van Dijk PJ. Available ex situ germplasm of the potential rubber crop Taraxacum kok-saghyz belongs to a poor rubber producer, T. brevicorniculatum(Compositae-Crepidinae)[J]. Genet Resour Crop Ev,2013,60:455-471.
[12] Hahn T,Klemm A,Ziesse P,Harms K,Wach W,Rupp S,Hirth T,Zibek S. Optimization and Scale-up of inulin extraction from Taraxacum kok-saghyz roots[J]. Nat Prod Commun,2016,11(5):689-692.
[13] Qiu J,Sun S,Luo S,Zhang J,Xiao X,Zhang L,Wang F,Liu S. Arabidopsis At PAP1 transcription factor induces anthocyanin production in transgenic Taraxacum brevicorniculatum[J]. Plant Cell Rep,2014,33:669-680.
[14]罗士苇,冯午,吴相钰.橡胶草的研究:部分Ⅰ.新疆产橡胶草的形态观察[J].中国科学,1951,2(3):373-379.Luo SW,Feng W,Wu XY. The research of TKS:PartⅠ.Morphological observation of Taraxacum kok-saghy produced in Xinjiang[J]. Scientia Sinica,1951,2(3):373-379.
[15] Iaffaldano B,Cardina J,Cornish K. Hybridization potential between the rubber dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale[J]. Ecosphere,2018,9(2):e02115.
[16] Luo J,Cardina J. Germination patterns and implications for invasiveness in three Taraxacum(Asteraceae)species[J]. Weed Research,2012,52:112-121.
[17] Bach TJ. Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants[M]//Kader JC,Mazliak P,eds. Plant Lipid Metabolism. Dordrecht:Springer,1995:321-334[2018-10-20]. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-015-8394-7_90.
[18] van Beilen JB,Poirier Y. Establishment of new crops for the production of natural rubber[J]. Trends Biotechnol,2007,25:522-529.
[19] Mathers RT,Meier MAR. Green Polymerization Methods:Renewable Starting Materials,Catalysis and Waste Reduction:controlled and living polymerization in water:modern methods and application to bio-synthetic hybrid materials[M/OL]. Onacademic:John Wiley&Sons,2011:129-142[2018-10-20]. https://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000035657497010_dcd2.html.
[20]仇键,张继川,罗世巧,校现周,王锋,张立群,刘实忠.橡胶草的研究进展[J].植物学报,2015,50(1):133-141.Qiu J,Zhang JC,Luo SQ,Xiao XZ,Wang F,Zhang LQ,Liu SZ. Research advances and perspectives on rubberproducing Taraxacum[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2015,50(1):133-141.
[21]马海霞,何丽娜,海春燕,曹新文,雷骥良,闫洁,祝建波.茉莉酸甲酯对橡胶草生理生化及乳管分化的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2017,35(4):451-457.Ma HX,He LN,Hai CY,Cao XW,Lei JL,Yan J,Zhu JB.Effects of methyl jasmonate of physiology,biochemistry and laticifer differentiation of Taraxacum kok-saghyz[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2017,35(4):451-457.
[22]朱金霞,张源沛,郑国保,孔德杰,李苗.利用酶标仪快速批量测定橡胶草中菊糖的含量[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(19):294-297.Zhu JX,Zhang YP,Zheng GB,Kong DJ,Li M. Rapid batch determination of the inulin in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin by enzyme mark instrument[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2016,37(19):294-297.
[23]范延新.世界上唯一拥有丰富橡胶草种子资源的科研机构概况[J].黑龙江科学,2018,9(11):156-158.Fan YX. The only scientific research institution in the world that has abundant rubber grass seed resources[J]. Heilongjiang Science,2018,9(11):156-158.
[24] Cornish K,Xie W,Kostyal D,Shintani D,Hamilton RG.Immunological analysis of the alternate rubber crop Taraxacum kok-saghyz indicates multiple proteins cross-reactive with Hevea brasiliensis latex allergens[J]. J Biotechnol Biomater,2015,5(4):1-6.
[25] McAssey EV,Gudger EG,Zuellig MP. Burke JM,Population genetics of the rubber-producing Russian dandelion(Taraxacum kok-saghyz)[J]. PLo S One,2016,11(1):e0146417.
[26] Luo ZN,Iaffaldano BJ,Zhuang X,Fresnedo-Ramírez J,Cornish K. Analysis of the first Taraxacum kok-saghyz transcriptome reveals potential rubber yield related SNPs[J].Sci Rep-UK,2017,7(1):9939.
[27] Luo ZN,Iaffaldano BJ,Cornish K. Colchicine-induced polyploidy has the potential to improve rubber yield in Taraxacum kok-saghyz[J]. Ind Crop Prod,2018,112:75-81.
[28] Eggert M,Schiemann J,Thiele K. Yield performance of Russian dandelion transplants(Taraxacum koksaghyz L.Rodin)in flat bed and ridge cultivation with different planting densities[J]. Eur J Agron,2018,93:126-134
[29] Walther TC,Farese RV. The life of lipid droplets[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA),2009,1791(6):459-466.
[30] Bach TJ. Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants:a review[J]. Lipids,1995,30:321-334.
[31] Post J,van Deenen N,Fricke J,Kowalski N,Wurbs D,Schaller H,et al. Laticifer-specific cis-prenyltransferase silencing affects the rubber,triterpene,and inulin content of Taraxacum brevicorniculatum[J]. Plant Physiol,2012,158:1406-1417.
[32] van Deenen N,Bachmann AL,Schmidt T,Schaller H,Sand J,Prufer D,Gronover CS. Molecular cloning of mevalonate pathway genes from Taraxacum brevicorniculatum and functional characterization of the key enzyme3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase[J]. Mol Biol Rep,2012,39:4337-4349.
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