光照和氮肥水平对苣荬菜产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究不同光照和氮肥水平对苣荬菜外观品质、营养品质的影响。【方法】用透光率100.0%、60.1%、37.8%遮阳网和施用90、180、360kg/hm2的尿素组合成9个不同处理,分别测定不同条件下苣荬菜的产量和品质指标。【结果】苣荬菜在透光率60.1%遮阳网+180kg/hm2处理下综合外观指标和产量表现较优,叶长35cm、叶宽3.5cm;总黄酮和叶绿素含量为透光率60.1%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素>透光率100.0%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素>透光率37.8%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素;粗纤维含量为透光率100.0%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素>透光率60.1%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素>透光率37.8%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素;透光率60.1%遮阳网+90kg/hm2尿素和透光率60.1%遮阳网+180kg/hm2尿素处理营养品质较优;在光照不足的情况下,增施氮肥可增加苣荬菜产量。【结论】适当施用氮肥和遮阳有利于苣荬菜生长和营养的积累,重度遮阴不利于苣荬菜营养的积累和外观的生长,氮肥过量会抑制生长。
【Objective】The effects of different light and nitrogen levels on the appearance quality and nutritional quality of chicory were studied.【Methods】Using light transmittance of 100.0%,60.1%,37.8% shading net and concentration of 90,180,360 kg/hm~2 of urea combined into 9 different treatments,the yield and quality indicators of chicory under different conditions were determined.【Results】The comprehensive appearance index and yield performance of chicory in the treatment of E transmittance of 60.1% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 is better,the length and width of leaf is 35 cm and leaf 3.5 cm respectivly.The order of total flavonoids and chlorophyll contents in treatments are Light transmittance 60.1%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>100.0%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>light transmittance 37.8% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea,and the order of crude fiber content in treatments are light transmittance 100.0% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>transmittance 60.1% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>light transmittance 37.8%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea.The nutritional quality is superior in the treatments of light transmittance 60.1%shading net+90 kg/hm~2 urea and light transmittance 60.1%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea.In the case of insufficient light,the application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of chicory.【Conclusion】Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer and shading is beneficial to the growth and nutrition accumulation Heavy shading is not conducive to the nutrition accumulation and growth,and excessive nitrogen fertilizer will inhibit growth.
【Objective】The effects of different light and nitrogen levels on the appearance quality and nutritional quality of chicory were studied.【Methods】Using light transmittance of 100.0%,60.1%,37.8% shading net and concentration of 90,180,360 kg/hm~2 of urea combined into 9 different treatments,the yield and quality indicators of chicory under different conditions were determined.【Results】The comprehensive appearance index and yield performance of chicory in the treatment of E transmittance of 60.1% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 is better,the length and width of leaf is 35 cm and leaf 3.5 cm respectivly.The order of total flavonoids and chlorophyll contents in treatments are Light transmittance 60.1%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>100.0%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>light transmittance 37.8% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea,and the order of crude fiber content in treatments are light transmittance 100.0% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>transmittance 60.1% shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea>light transmittance 37.8%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea.The nutritional quality is superior in the treatments of light transmittance 60.1%shading net+90 kg/hm~2 urea and light transmittance 60.1%shading net+180 kg/hm~2 urea.In the case of insufficient light,the application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield of chicory.【Conclusion】Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer and shading is beneficial to the growth and nutrition accumulation Heavy shading is not conducive to the nutrition accumulation and growth,and excessive nitrogen fertilizer will inhibit growth.
引文
[1]沙玲,彭春梅,杨春梅.苣荬菜优质高效栽培技术[J].农民致富之友,2012(8):59
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[12]赖亚辉,沈希,尹桂春.吉林地区常见野菜中粗纤维测定及评价[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,18(4):463-465
[13]高生平,吴晓红,张雅欣,张玉婷.荧光法测定蒲公英中总黄酮的含量[J].食品研究与开发,2018,39(1):117-121
[14]刁丰秋,章文华.盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(2):105-110
[15]本刊辑.蔬菜栽培施肥技术简析[J].青海农牧业,2018(3):42-43
[16]刘星,常义,张征.蔬菜遮阳网覆盖的作用、方式和栽培技术[J].长江蔬菜,2017(19):39-40
[17]孙启忠,赵淑芬,玉柱,陶雅,韩春燕.苣荬菜生物学特性与营养成分[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):42-45
[18]李洪波,王廷芹,刁金花.肥料配施对苋菜硝酸盐积累及其品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):85-87
[2]张生,青海常见野生蔬菜分布及食用价值评价[J].西北园艺(蔬菜),2011(4):54-55
[3]董庆海,李雅萌,吴福林,王涵,林红强,刘金平,李平亚.苣荬菜的研究进展[J].特产研究,2018,40(3):75-78
[4]李晓红,夏雪梅.光照强度对苣荬菜光合特性和品质的影响[J].辽东学院学报(自然科学版),2016,23(3):173-176
[5]覃杏芬.蔬菜氮肥用量试验报告[J].农家科技(下旬刊),2017(2):306-307
[6]张小贝,朱国鹏,陈艳丽,追施氮肥水平对菜用甘薯产量、品质及硝酸盐积累的影响[J].热带作物学报,2018(1):1-5
[7]董诗凡,卢靖,彭院文.遮阳和施肥对小省藤苗期生长的影响[J].西部林业科学,2015(5):90-95
[8]范文丽,李天来,赵英明,张淼,李晓明.野菜新品种沈农红苣荬菜[J].中国蔬菜,2017(1):95-96
[9]艾永兰.荠菜人工栽培技术[J].现代农村科技,2018(11):20
[10]张红梅,陈新,顾和平,袁星星,陈华涛,崔晓艳.3种野菜的保健功能及栽培技术[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(1):155-156,188
[11]闫震,聂继云,程杨,关棣锴,李志霞.水果、蔬菜及其制品中叶绿素含量的测定[J].中国果树,2018(2):59-62,72
[12]赖亚辉,沈希,尹桂春.吉林地区常见野菜中粗纤维测定及评价[J].北华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,18(4):463-465
[13]高生平,吴晓红,张雅欣,张玉婷.荧光法测定蒲公英中总黄酮的含量[J].食品研究与开发,2018,39(1):117-121
[14]刁丰秋,章文华.盐胁迫对大麦叶片类囊体膜组成和功能的影响[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(2):105-110
[15]本刊辑.蔬菜栽培施肥技术简析[J].青海农牧业,2018(3):42-43
[16]刘星,常义,张征.蔬菜遮阳网覆盖的作用、方式和栽培技术[J].长江蔬菜,2017(19):39-40
[17]孙启忠,赵淑芬,玉柱,陶雅,韩春燕.苣荬菜生物学特性与营养成分[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):42-45
[18]李洪波,王廷芹,刁金花.肥料配施对苋菜硝酸盐积累及其品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(15):85-87