黄河源区高寒草地植物组合对根-土复合体抗剪强度的影响
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摘要
以位于黄河源区的青海河南县境内高寒草地作为研究区,通过野外现场勘察与取样及室内试验,探讨了区内6种不同植物组合类型草地的植物根-土复合体抗剪强度特征,旨在为防治草地退化引起的水土流失、浅层滑坡等灾害现象发生提供理论依据。结果表明:6种组合类型的根-土复合体抗剪强度随海拔高度降低而呈逐渐增大的变化趋势,即阳坡坡顶位置处紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea Griseb.)+高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea C.B.Clarke)组合的根-土复合体抗剪强度为27.76kPa,至阳坡坡底位置处的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)其根-土复合体抗剪强度为37.53kPa;从坡顶至坡底6种植物根-土复合体抗剪强度由小至大变化规律,与根-土复合体试样密度、含水率、根系干重等因素有关,即阳坡坡顶、坡中和坡底处根系平均含量分别为6.2%,5.5%和16.2%;阴坡坡顶、坡中、坡底处根系平均含量分别为8.0%,11.4%和31.6%。
In this study,an alpine grassland in Henan County,Qinghai Province,in the source region of the Yellow River,was selected as the study area.The shear strength of root-soil composite system characteristics of 6 different plant combination types of grassland were explored by field investigation and sampling and indoor tests,which aimed to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling soil erosion and shallow landslide caused by grassland degradation.The test results showed that the shear strength of root-soil composite system of 6 different combinations was a increasing trend with the decrease of altitude.Namely,the shear strength of the root-soil composite system of Stipa purpurea Griseb.+ Kobresia pygmaea C.B.Clarke at the top of the sunny slope was 27.76 kPa and the value of Elymus nutans Griseb.at the bottom of the sunny slope was 37.53 kPa.The reasons why the shear strength of 6 kinds of combinations varied from large to small with the decrease of altitude were related to their density,moisture content,root content and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system samples.That is,the root content of composite system at the top,middle and bottom of the sunny slope were 6.2%,5.5% and 16.2%,respectively.Thevalues at the top,middle and bottom of the shady slope were 8.0%,11.4% and 31.6%,respectively.
In this study,an alpine grassland in Henan County,Qinghai Province,in the source region of the Yellow River,was selected as the study area.The shear strength of root-soil composite system characteristics of 6 different plant combination types of grassland were explored by field investigation and sampling and indoor tests,which aimed to provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling soil erosion and shallow landslide caused by grassland degradation.The test results showed that the shear strength of root-soil composite system of 6 different combinations was a increasing trend with the decrease of altitude.Namely,the shear strength of the root-soil composite system of Stipa purpurea Griseb.+ Kobresia pygmaea C.B.Clarke at the top of the sunny slope was 27.76 kPa and the value of Elymus nutans Griseb.at the bottom of the sunny slope was 37.53 kPa.The reasons why the shear strength of 6 kinds of combinations varied from large to small with the decrease of altitude were related to their density,moisture content,root content and dry weight of roots in the root-soil composite system samples.That is,the root content of composite system at the top,middle and bottom of the sunny slope were 6.2%,5.5% and 16.2%,respectively.Thevalues at the top,middle and bottom of the shady slope were 8.0%,11.4% and 31.6%,respectively.
引文
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[19]刘慧丽,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.青海矮生嵩草和垂穗披碱草草地牧草营养价值与载畜量的比较[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(2):114-118+124
[20]王金贵,李希来,李宗仁,等.青海超净区高寒草甸土壤有机碳及养分分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):232-238
[21]HU X S,Gary B,Zhu H L,et al.An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes,Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,10(4):668-686
[22]Guo Y J,Han L,Li G D,et al.The effects of defoliation on plant community,root biomass and nutrient allocation and soil chemical properties on semi-arid steppes in northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,78(3):128-134
[23]程昊民,冷先伦,马亚丽娜.重塑黄土的强度影响因素及基于核磁共振的微观解释[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(20):142-147
[24]张奎,李梦姿,杨贝贝.含水率和干密度对重塑黄土抗剪强度的影响[J].安徽理工大学学报,2016,36(3):74-79
[25]陈航,张慧莉,田堪良,等.紫穗槐根系对黄土边坡加固作用的试验研究[J].人民黄河,2017,39(10):84-88
[2]Fan J W,Shao Q Q,Liu J Y,et al.Assessment of effects of climate change and grazing activity on grassland yield in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,170(4):571-584
[3]辛玉春.浅议青海天然草地退化[J].青海草业,2014,23(2):46-53
[4]刘璐璐,曹巍,邵全琴.近30年来长江源区与黄河源区土地覆被及其变化对比分析[J].地理科学,2017,37(2):311-320
[5]葛静,孟宝平,杨淑霞,等.基于UAV技术和MODIS遥感数据的高寒草地盖度动态变化监测研究-以黄河源东部地区为例[J].草业学报,2017,26(3):1-12
[6]Li X,Xue Z,Gao J.Dynamic changes of plateau wetlands in Madou county,the Yellow River source zone of China:1990-2013[J].Wetlands,2016,36(2):299-310
[7]尚占环,董全民,施建军,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地及其生态恢复近10年研究进展——兼论三江源生态恢复问题[J].草地学报,2018,26(01):1-21
[8]李媛媛,董世魁,李小艳,等.围栏封育对黄河源区退化高寒草地植被组成及生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(02):275-279+286
[9]刘晓东,刘荣堂,刘爱军,等.三江源区草地覆盖遥感信息提取方法及动态研究[J].草地学报,2010,18(02):154-159
[10]张蕊,王媛,马丽娜,等.三江源区退化人工草地、“黑土滩”和天然草地植物群落物种多样性[J].草地学报,2014,22(06):1171-1178
[11]王彦龙,马玉寿,施建军,等.黄河源区高寒草甸不同植被生物量及土壤养分状况研究[J].草地学报,2011,19(01):1-6
[12]刘昌义,胡夏嵩,窦增宁,等.黄河源区高寒草地植被根-土复合体抗剪强度试验及退化程度阈值确定[J].草业学报,2017,26(9):14-26
[13]刘亚斌,余冬梅,付江涛,等.黄土区灌木柠条锦鸡儿根-土间摩擦力学机制试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(10):198-205
[14]Fry E L,Evans A L,Sturrock C J,et al.Root architecture governs plasticity in response to drought[J].Plant and Soil,2018,433(1):189-200
[15]Singh S R,Prakash A,Hazra B,et al.Stochastic modelling of relative water permeability in vegetative soils with implications on stability of bioengineered slope[J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2018,32(12):3541-3559
[16]李光莹,虎啸天,李希来,等.黄河源玛沁地区高寒草地植物固土护坡的力学效应[J].山地学报,2014,32(05):550-560
[17]字洪标,阿的鲁骥,刘敏,等.高寒草甸不同类型草地群落特征及优势种植物生态位差异[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):546-554
[18]蒲晓娟.青海省河南县积极发展有机畜牧业[J].农业工程技术,2010,14(9):46-47
[19]刘慧丽,郝力壮,刘书杰,等.青海矮生嵩草和垂穗披碱草草地牧草营养价值与载畜量的比较[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(2):114-118+124
[20]王金贵,李希来,李宗仁,等.青海超净区高寒草甸土壤有机碳及养分分布特征[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):232-238
[21]HU X S,Gary B,Zhu H L,et al.An exploratory analysis of vegetation strategies to reduce shallow landslide activity on loess hillslopes,Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2013,10(4):668-686
[22]Guo Y J,Han L,Li G D,et al.The effects of defoliation on plant community,root biomass and nutrient allocation and soil chemical properties on semi-arid steppes in northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,78(3):128-134
[23]程昊民,冷先伦,马亚丽娜.重塑黄土的强度影响因素及基于核磁共振的微观解释[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(20):142-147
[24]张奎,李梦姿,杨贝贝.含水率和干密度对重塑黄土抗剪强度的影响[J].安徽理工大学学报,2016,36(3):74-79
[25]陈航,张慧莉,田堪良,等.紫穗槐根系对黄土边坡加固作用的试验研究[J].人民黄河,2017,39(10):84-88