水平定向穿越双级牙轮式扩孔器岩石破碎效率研究
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摘要
双级牙轮式扩孔器作为水平定向穿越扩孔过程中最新出现的扩孔钻具类型,其与常规扩孔器相比,它通过改变井底岩石的应力场而提高扩孔效率、减少事故发生率,而合理的结构设计是确保发挥其技术优势的前提.本文基于有限元理论建立了双级牙轮式扩孔器破岩的数值仿真模型,分析了级差比、切削角度和切削距离对井底应力场的影响.研究表明:领眼井壁与扩眼井壁的破岩难度最大,较小级差比有利于领眼面岩石的破碎,较大级差比有利于扩眼面岩石的破碎;切削角度大于0°时,随着切削角度的增大,井底岩石破碎难度先减小后增大;切削距离的增大使岩石的破碎难度增加,破碎效率降低;最后对不同结构参数进行敏感性评价,得到切削角度对破碎井底岩石的影响最大,其次为级差比,影响因素最小的为切削距离.本文的研究工作对于正确认识双级牙轮式扩孔器的破碎机理以及指导其结构设计都具有重要价值.
Compared with the traditional reamer,two-stage roller reamer is the latest reaming tool in the reaming process of horizontal directional drilling,which improves reaming efficiency and reduces the tripping time by changing the stress field of bottom-hole rock,and reasonable structural design is the major premise to play technical advantage. Based on the finite element method,a two-stage roller reamer numerical simulation model of rock breaking was established,and the influence of stage differential ratio,cutting angle and cutting distance on the bottomhole stress field was analyzed. The results show that rock breaking is most difficult in pilot borehole and reaming borehole,the small stage differential ratio is good for the pilot borehole rock breaking,and the large stage differential ratio is good for the reaming borehole rock breaking. When the cutting angle is greater than 0°,with the increase of cutting angle,the difficulty of the bottom rock fragmentation decreases firstly and then increases. Increasing the cutting distance will increase the difficulty of breaking the rock and reduce the crushing efficiency. Finally,the sensitivity of different structural parameters is evaluated,and the cutting angle has the greatest impact on the rock breaking of bottom-hole,followed by the stage differential ratio,and the smallest factor is the cutting distance. The research work has important value for correctly understanding the fragmentation mechanism of the two-stage cone reamer and guiding its structural design.
Compared with the traditional reamer,two-stage roller reamer is the latest reaming tool in the reaming process of horizontal directional drilling,which improves reaming efficiency and reduces the tripping time by changing the stress field of bottom-hole rock,and reasonable structural design is the major premise to play technical advantage. Based on the finite element method,a two-stage roller reamer numerical simulation model of rock breaking was established,and the influence of stage differential ratio,cutting angle and cutting distance on the bottomhole stress field was analyzed. The results show that rock breaking is most difficult in pilot borehole and reaming borehole,the small stage differential ratio is good for the pilot borehole rock breaking,and the large stage differential ratio is good for the reaming borehole rock breaking. When the cutting angle is greater than 0°,with the increase of cutting angle,the difficulty of the bottom rock fragmentation decreases firstly and then increases. Increasing the cutting distance will increase the difficulty of breaking the rock and reduce the crushing efficiency. Finally,the sensitivity of different structural parameters is evaluated,and the cutting angle has the greatest impact on the rock breaking of bottom-hole,followed by the stage differential ratio,and the smallest factor is the cutting distance. The research work has important value for correctly understanding the fragmentation mechanism of the two-stage cone reamer and guiding its structural design.
引文
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[2]闫相祯,丁鹏,杨秀娟,等.长距离复杂地层水平定向钻穿越管道施工技术[J].油气储运,2007,26(2):55-58Yan Xiangzhen,Ding Peng,Yang Xiujuan,et al. Construction technology study on long-distance and complex stratum project by horizontal directional drilling[J]. Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2007,26(2):55-58
[3]江勇,李松,陈波,等.长距离、大口径定向穿越施工中相关技术难题探讨[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(2):116-120Jiang Yong,Li Song,Chen Bo,et al. Key Problems of long-distance and large-diameter HDD construction[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2016,35(2):116-120
[4]沈忠厚,彭烨.双级PDC钻头井底应力场分析[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):62-67Shen Zhonghou,Peng Ye. Analysis of bottom-hole stress field of two-stage PDC bit[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2006,30(1):62-67
[5] Rumzan I,Schmitt D R. The Influence of well bore fluid pressure on drilling penetration rates and stress dependent strength[J]. Rock Mechanics in the National Interest,2000,38(2):911-918
[6]李士斌,窦同伟,董德仁,等.欠平衡钻井井底岩石的应力状态[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):329-334Li Shibin,Dou Tongwei,Dong Deren,et al. Stress state of bottom hole rocks in underbalanced drilling[J]. Acta Petrolel Sinica,2011,32(2):329-334
[7]常德玉,李根生,沈忠厚,等.深井超深井井底应力场[J].石油学报,2011,32(4):697-703Chang Deyu,Li Gensheng,Shen Zhonghou,et al. The stress field of bottom hole in deep and ultra-deep wells[J]. Acta Petrolel sinica,2011,32(2):697-703
[8]蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:219-226Cai Meifeng. Rock mechanics and engineering[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2002:219-226
[9]陈勉.石油工程岩石力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:18-23Chen Mian. Petroleum engineering rock mechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2011:18-23
[10]费康. ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用[M].北京:中国水力水电出版社,2010:67-70Fei Kang. ABAQUS application in geotechnical engineering[M]. Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2010:67-70
[11]陈明祥.弹塑性力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:359-362Chen Mingxiang. Elastic-plastic Mechanics[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2007:359-362
[12] Abolmaali A,Kararam A. Nonlinear finite-element-based investigation of the effect of bedding thickness on buried concrete pipe[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering,2010,136(9):793-799
[13] Kennedy M J,Moore I D,Asce M,et al. Development of tensile hoop stress during horizontal directional drilling through sand[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics,2006,6(5):367-373
[14]金衍.井壁稳定力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:10-14Jin Yan. Borehole wall stability and mechanical[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2012:10-14