误差校正下外辐射雷达无源定位算法
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摘要
针对多基外辐射源雷达定位中存在系统误差的问题,提出了一种基于到达角度(DOA)与到达时差(TDOA)的外辐射源雷达无源定位和系统误差校正算法。首先,该方法引入辅助变量对非线性的DOA和TDOA量测方程进行线性化,利用迭代加权最小二乘算法得到对目标位置和系统误差的联合估计;然后,利用辅助变量与目标位置的关联性,设计了一种关联最小二乘算法对初始估计值进行改进;最后,通过后验迭代估计进一步提高目标定位精度。仿真结果表明该算法能够有效地估计系统误差和目标状态。
A joint passive localization and bias registration algorithm using Direction of Arrival(DOA) and Time Differences of Arrival(TDOA) measurements is proposed to solve the localization problem in the multi-static passive radar system using illuminators of opportunity under the influence of system error. Firstly, the nonlinear DOA and TDOA measurement equations are linearized by introducing an intermediate variable. Then, a joint estimation of target location and system biases are obtained by a recursive weighted least squares algorithm. Moreover, a dependent least squares algorithm is developed to improve the initial estimation using the relationship between the intermediate variable and target location variables. Finally, an iterative post-estimate procedure is exploited to further enhance the accuracy of target localization. Simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the system biases and target state.
A joint passive localization and bias registration algorithm using Direction of Arrival(DOA) and Time Differences of Arrival(TDOA) measurements is proposed to solve the localization problem in the multi-static passive radar system using illuminators of opportunity under the influence of system error. Firstly, the nonlinear DOA and TDOA measurement equations are linearized by introducing an intermediate variable. Then, a joint estimation of target location and system biases are obtained by a recursive weighted least squares algorithm. Moreover, a dependent least squares algorithm is developed to improve the initial estimation using the relationship between the intermediate variable and target location variables. Finally, an iterative post-estimate procedure is exploited to further enhance the accuracy of target localization. Simulations indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the system biases and target state.
引文
[1] LIU J,LI H,HIMED B. On the performance of the cross-correlation detector for passive radar applications[J]. Signal Processing, 2015, 113(8): 32-37.
[2] MICHAEL E, ALEXANDER S, FABIENNE M. Design and performance evaluation of a mature FM/DAB/DVB-T multi-illuminator passive radar system[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2014, 8(2): 114-122.
[3] GHISLAIN G, GILLES C, JEAN B, et al. A unifying approach for disturbance cancellation and target detection in passive radar using OFDM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2016, 64(22): 5959-5971.
[4] CHOI S, CROUSE D, WILLETT P, et al. Multistatic target tracking for passive radar in a DAB/DVB network: initiation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(3): 2460-2469.
[5] 赵勇胜, 赵拥军, 赵闯. 基于正则化约束总体最小二乘的单站DOA-TDOA无源定位算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2016, 38(9): 2336-2343.ZHAO Yongsheng, ZHAO Yongjun, ZHAO Chuang. Single-observer passive DOA-TDOA location based on regularized constrained total least squares[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2016, 38(9): 2336-2343.
[6] 赵勇胜, 赵拥军, 赵闯. 利用外辐射源的单站TDOA--FDOA定位方法[J]. 信息工程大学学报, 2016, 17(6): 675-680.ZHAO Yongsheng, ZHAO Yongjun, ZHAO Chuang. Single-observer TDOA-FDOA passive location using illuminators of opportunity[J]. Journal of Information Engineering University, 2016, 17(6): 675-680.
[7] 王鼎, 魏帅. 基于外辐射源的约束总体最小二乘定位算法及其理论性能分析[J]. 中国科学:信息科学, 2015, 45(11): 1466-1489.WANG Ding, WEI Shuai. The constrained total least squares localization algorithm and performance analysis based on an external illuminator[J]. Science China: Information Sciences, 2015, 45(11): 1466-1489.
[8] YI J, WAN X, LEUNG H, et al. Noncooperative registration for multistatic passive radars[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52(2): 563-575.
[9] JEAN O, WEISS A. Passive localization and synchronization using arbitrary signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(8): 2143-2150.
[10] 田强, 冯大政, 杨凡, 等. 基于线性校正的TOA联合同步与定位算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(2): 245-249.TIAN Qiang, FENG Dazheng, YANG Fan, et al. Joint TOA-based synchronization and localization via linear-correction technique[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(2): 245-249.
[11] WAN X, YIA J, ZHAO Z, et al. Experimental research for CMMB-based passive radar under a multipath environment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2014, 50(1): 70-85.
[12] ZHOU Y, LEUNG H, YIP P. An exact maximum likelihood registration algorithm for data fusion[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1997, 45(6): 1560-1573.
[13] FORTUNATI S, GINI F, FARINA A, et al. On the application of the EM algorithm to the relative sensor registration problem[J]. IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2013, 7(2): 191-203.
[14] FORTUNATI S, FARINA A, GINI F, et al. Least squares algorithm and cramer-rao type lower bounds for relative sensor registration process[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2011, 59(3): 1075-1087.
[15] HO K C, LU K, KOVAVISARUCH L. Source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements in the presence of receiver location errors: analysis and solution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007, 55(2): 684-696.
[16] WANG Y, HO K C. TDOA source localization in the presence of synchronization clock bias and sensor position errors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2013, 61(18): 4532-4544.
[17] 孙顺, 董凯, 齐林, 等. 基于TDOA与GROA的多运动站误差配准算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2017, 39(6): 1439-1445.SUN Shun, DONG Kai, QI Lin, et al. Multiple moving observers registration algorithm based on TDOA and GROA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2017, 39(6): 1439-1445.
[2] MICHAEL E, ALEXANDER S, FABIENNE M. Design and performance evaluation of a mature FM/DAB/DVB-T multi-illuminator passive radar system[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2014, 8(2): 114-122.
[3] GHISLAIN G, GILLES C, JEAN B, et al. A unifying approach for disturbance cancellation and target detection in passive radar using OFDM[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2016, 64(22): 5959-5971.
[4] CHOI S, CROUSE D, WILLETT P, et al. Multistatic target tracking for passive radar in a DAB/DVB network: initiation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(3): 2460-2469.
[5] 赵勇胜, 赵拥军, 赵闯. 基于正则化约束总体最小二乘的单站DOA-TDOA无源定位算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2016, 38(9): 2336-2343.ZHAO Yongsheng, ZHAO Yongjun, ZHAO Chuang. Single-observer passive DOA-TDOA location based on regularized constrained total least squares[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2016, 38(9): 2336-2343.
[6] 赵勇胜, 赵拥军, 赵闯. 利用外辐射源的单站TDOA--FDOA定位方法[J]. 信息工程大学学报, 2016, 17(6): 675-680.ZHAO Yongsheng, ZHAO Yongjun, ZHAO Chuang. Single-observer TDOA-FDOA passive location using illuminators of opportunity[J]. Journal of Information Engineering University, 2016, 17(6): 675-680.
[7] 王鼎, 魏帅. 基于外辐射源的约束总体最小二乘定位算法及其理论性能分析[J]. 中国科学:信息科学, 2015, 45(11): 1466-1489.WANG Ding, WEI Shuai. The constrained total least squares localization algorithm and performance analysis based on an external illuminator[J]. Science China: Information Sciences, 2015, 45(11): 1466-1489.
[8] YI J, WAN X, LEUNG H, et al. Noncooperative registration for multistatic passive radars[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2016, 52(2): 563-575.
[9] JEAN O, WEISS A. Passive localization and synchronization using arbitrary signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(8): 2143-2150.
[10] 田强, 冯大政, 杨凡, 等. 基于线性校正的TOA联合同步与定位算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2018, 40(2): 245-249.TIAN Qiang, FENG Dazheng, YANG Fan, et al. Joint TOA-based synchronization and localization via linear-correction technique[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2018, 40(2): 245-249.
[11] WAN X, YIA J, ZHAO Z, et al. Experimental research for CMMB-based passive radar under a multipath environment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2014, 50(1): 70-85.
[12] ZHOU Y, LEUNG H, YIP P. An exact maximum likelihood registration algorithm for data fusion[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1997, 45(6): 1560-1573.
[13] FORTUNATI S, GINI F, FARINA A, et al. On the application of the EM algorithm to the relative sensor registration problem[J]. IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2013, 7(2): 191-203.
[14] FORTUNATI S, FARINA A, GINI F, et al. Least squares algorithm and cramer-rao type lower bounds for relative sensor registration process[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2011, 59(3): 1075-1087.
[15] HO K C, LU K, KOVAVISARUCH L. Source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements in the presence of receiver location errors: analysis and solution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007, 55(2): 684-696.
[16] WANG Y, HO K C. TDOA source localization in the presence of synchronization clock bias and sensor position errors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2013, 61(18): 4532-4544.
[17] 孙顺, 董凯, 齐林, 等. 基于TDOA与GROA的多运动站误差配准算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2017, 39(6): 1439-1445.SUN Shun, DONG Kai, QI Lin, et al. Multiple moving observers registration algorithm based on TDOA and GROA[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2017, 39(6): 1439-1445.