单相特定谐波消除脉宽调制高频逆变器的死区补偿策略
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摘要
由于死区时间的设置,开关管不能以理想时刻开断,导致逆变器输出波形发生畸变。为改善波形,需要进行死区补偿。以提前关断方式为例,深入分析高频逆变器在消除特定谐波脉冲宽度调制控制时,死区对特定谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)波的影响,给出了基波幅值和总谐波畸变率随死区时间的变化曲线。提出在正半周期内只对开关管S2和S3的触发脉冲设置死区,在负半周内只对S1和S4的触发脉冲设置死区的死区补偿策略,详细分析死区补偿阶段开关管及相应续流二极管的电流的工作状态。以功率MOSFET为例分析开关管的开通关断过程,并给出了死区时间设置的经验公式。最后,搭建仿真模型和硬件平台对所提死区补偿策略进行仿真和实验,结果表明该死区补偿策略有效缓解了由于死区所造成的波形畸变。
Due to the dead-time setting, the switch tube can't break at ideal moment, which leads to the output waveforms distortion of inverter. In order to improve the waveform, dead-time effect needs to be compensated. Taken advance-off mode as an example, the influence of dead time on selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation(SHEPWM) was analyzed in this paper. The curves of amplitude and total harmonic distortion(THD) at different dead time were given. A novel dead time compensation strategy was proposed. Set dead time on the S2 and S3 trigger pulse in the positive half cycle, and on S1 and S4 trigger pulse in the negative half period. The current of the switch tube and the corresponding continuous current diode during the dead-time compensation phase was analyzed in detail. Taken power MOSFET as an example, the switch process was analyzed. The empirical formula of the dead time was provided. Finally, simulations and experiments were carried out on the simulation model and hardware platform. The results show that the compensation strategy can effectively alleviate the waveform distortion caused by the dead time.
Due to the dead-time setting, the switch tube can't break at ideal moment, which leads to the output waveforms distortion of inverter. In order to improve the waveform, dead-time effect needs to be compensated. Taken advance-off mode as an example, the influence of dead time on selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation(SHEPWM) was analyzed in this paper. The curves of amplitude and total harmonic distortion(THD) at different dead time were given. A novel dead time compensation strategy was proposed. Set dead time on the S2 and S3 trigger pulse in the positive half cycle, and on S1 and S4 trigger pulse in the negative half period. The current of the switch tube and the corresponding continuous current diode during the dead-time compensation phase was analyzed in detail. Taken power MOSFET as an example, the switch process was analyzed. The empirical formula of the dead time was provided. Finally, simulations and experiments were carried out on the simulation model and hardware platform. The results show that the compensation strategy can effectively alleviate the waveform distortion caused by the dead time.
引文
[1]张文义,佟为明,杨乐民,等.特定消谐式变频器及其在火电厂中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(6):65-67.Zhang Wenyi,Tong Weiming,Yang Lemin,et al.Selective harmonic elimination inverter and its application in power plants[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(6):65-67.
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[11]张文义,佟为明,杨乐民,等.特定消谐式逆变器无死区控制策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(1):13-17.Zhang Wenyi,Tong Weiming,Yang Lemin,et al.Study of no-dead-time control strategy in selective harmonic elimination inverter[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(1):13-17.
[12]Liu Jinghui,Zheng Yihui,Yao Gang,et al.Optimized current tracking method for grid-connected inverter with adaptive characteristic harmonic elimination[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):120-128.
[13]徐先勇,欧朝龙,罗安,等.新型近似无死区PWM逆变器开关控制方法及其特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(8):66-71.Xu Xianyong,Ou Chaolong,Luo An,et al.PWM inverter switching control nearly without dead-time and its characteristic analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(8):66-71.
[14]王勇,高宁,罗悦华,等.三相三电平并网逆变器无死区SPWM控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(1):13-17.Wang Yong,Gao Ning,Luo Yuehua,et al.SPWM research for dead-time elimination in a three-phase three-level grid-connected inverte[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(1):13-17.
[15]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]王榕生,吴汉光.消谐法SHEPWM的谐波影响数值分析[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(9):183-189.Wang Rongsheng,Wu Hanguang.Numerical analysis of harmonic influence for selected harmonic elimination PWM[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(9):183-189.
[17]Holmes D G,Lipo T A.电力电子变换器PWM技术原理与实践[M].周克亮,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.
[18]李素非,李国杰,翟登辉,等.级联型多电平逆变器最小总谐波失真阶梯调制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(19):9-17.Li Sufei,Li Guojie,Zhai Denghui,et al.Staircase modulation strategy with minimum total harmonic distortion for cascaded multilevel inverters[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(19):9-17.
[19]刘松.基于漏极导通区特性理解MOSFET开关过程[J].今日电子,2008(11):74-75.Liu Song.Understanding the MOSFET switching process based on the characteristics of the drain electrode region[J].Electronic Products,2008(11):74-75.
[20]伍小杰,符晓,赵冰洁,等.基于FPGA的特定谐波消除法数字实现[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(2):45-52.Wu Xiaojie,Fu Xiao,Zhao Bingjie,et al.Digital implementation of SHEPWM based on FPGA[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(2):45-52.
[2]黄招彬,游林儒,汪兆栋,等.一种考虑死区与最小脉宽限制的IPWM算法[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):11-18.Huang Zhaobin,You Linru,Wang Zhaodong,et al.A novel integrated PWM strategy considering deadtime and minimum pulse-width limitation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):11-18.
[3]赵耀,赵庚申,郭天勇,等.基于SVPWM低谐波死去算法的研究应用[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(8):58-62.Zhao Yao,Zhao Gengshen,Guo Tianyong,et al.Research and application of low harmonics dead-time injection based on SVPWM[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(8):58-62.
[4]Giuseppe Papotto,Francesco Carrara,Giuseppe Palmisano.A 90nm CMOS threshold-compensated RF energy harvester[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2011,46(9):1958-1997.
[5]周京华,贾斌,章小卫,等.三电平逆变器死区补偿策略研究[J].电机与控制学报,2013,17(5):69-74.Zhou Jinghua,Jia Bin,Zhang Xiaowei,et al.Research on dead-time compensation strategy of three-level inverter[J].Electric Machines and Control,2013,17(5):69-74.
[6]Hu Chuxiong,Yao Bin,Wang Qingfeng.Performance oriented adaptive robust control of a class of nonlinear systems preceded by unknown dead zone with comparative experimental results[J].IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics,2013,18(1):178-189.
[7]刘景辉,郑益慧,姚钢,等.自适应特征谐波消除策略的并网逆变器电流跟踪优化算法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):120-128.Liu Jinghui,Zheng Yihui,Yao Gang,et al.Optimized current tracking method for grid connected inverter with adaptive characteristic harmonic elimination[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):120-128.
[8]孙邵华,贲洪奇,李春鹏,等.基于指数趋近律滑模控制的逆变器死区补偿[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(11):9-14.Sun Shaohua,Ben Hongqi,Li Chunpeng,et al.Deadtime compensition of inverter with sliding mode controller based on exponent approaching law[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(11):9-14.
[9]王少杰,罗安.谐波域死区效应分析及补偿方法的研究[J].电工技术学报,2009,24(8):101-119.Wang Shaojie,Luo An.Study of dead-time effect and its compensation strategies[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2009,24(8):101-119.
[10]Urasaki N,Senjyu T,Uezato K,et al.An adaptive dead-time compensation strategy for voltage source inverter fed motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(5):1150-1160.
[11]张文义,佟为明,杨乐民,等.特定消谐式逆变器无死区控制策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(1):13-17.Zhang Wenyi,Tong Weiming,Yang Lemin,et al.Study of no-dead-time control strategy in selective harmonic elimination inverter[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2006,26(1):13-17.
[12]Liu Jinghui,Zheng Yihui,Yao Gang,et al.Optimized current tracking method for grid-connected inverter with adaptive characteristic harmonic elimination[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):120-128.
[13]徐先勇,欧朝龙,罗安,等.新型近似无死区PWM逆变器开关控制方法及其特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(8):66-71.Xu Xianyong,Ou Chaolong,Luo An,et al.PWM inverter switching control nearly without dead-time and its characteristic analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(8):66-71.
[14]王勇,高宁,罗悦华,等.三相三电平并网逆变器无死区SPWM控制研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(1):13-17.Wang Yong,Gao Ning,Luo Yuehua,et al.SPWM research for dead-time elimination in a three-phase three-level grid-connected inverte[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(1):13-17.
[15]刘凤君.正弦波逆变器[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[16]王榕生,吴汉光.消谐法SHEPWM的谐波影响数值分析[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(9):183-189.Wang Rongsheng,Wu Hanguang.Numerical analysis of harmonic influence for selected harmonic elimination PWM[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(9):183-189.
[17]Holmes D G,Lipo T A.电力电子变换器PWM技术原理与实践[M].周克亮,译.北京:人民邮电出版社,2010.
[18]李素非,李国杰,翟登辉,等.级联型多电平逆变器最小总谐波失真阶梯调制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(19):9-17.Li Sufei,Li Guojie,Zhai Denghui,et al.Staircase modulation strategy with minimum total harmonic distortion for cascaded multilevel inverters[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(19):9-17.
[19]刘松.基于漏极导通区特性理解MOSFET开关过程[J].今日电子,2008(11):74-75.Liu Song.Understanding the MOSFET switching process based on the characteristics of the drain electrode region[J].Electronic Products,2008(11):74-75.
[20]伍小杰,符晓,赵冰洁,等.基于FPGA的特定谐波消除法数字实现[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(2):45-52.Wu Xiaojie,Fu Xiao,Zhao Bingjie,et al.Digital implementation of SHEPWM based on FPGA[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(2):45-52.