电信行业改革实践及其对铁路网运关系调整的启示
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摘要
我国电信行业与铁路行业同为国有资本控制的重点行业,且都具有以庞大、成网、固定成本高昂为特点的基础设施,电信业的改革历程可为我国铁路改革提供经验借鉴。本文将我国电信业主要改革历程归结为业务分割、区域分割、业务整合、网运分离四个阶段,指出我国电信业改革属于典型的问题导向路径,借鉴电信行业改革经验可知,在我国铁路网运合一模式下,"业务分割"与"区域分割"两种网运关系调整模式不能有效打破垄断,我国铁路应积极探索"统分结合的网运分离"改革路径。
The number and traffic volume of civil aviation transportation airports in the western part of China are seriously out of balance, which is not conducive to the economic development in the western area of China. This paper presented an empirical study of the aviation network in western China in 2016 based on the complex network theory, and analyzed the flow of passenger and cargo from the point of view of urban scale in western China. The results show that the air network in western China is highly concentrated, forming regional hubs mainly in Chengdu,Chongqing and Xian, and the nodes in the region are most closely connected with the national hub cities(Beijing,Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou) and coastal cities. The aviation network in western China is a small world network with scale-free features. At present, air transport in the western China is mainly concentrated in the regional hub cities. There are obvious differences in the level of transportation among different cities, especially for the air cargo, it's highly concentrated in the cities with a population of more than 5 million.
The number and traffic volume of civil aviation transportation airports in the western part of China are seriously out of balance, which is not conducive to the economic development in the western area of China. This paper presented an empirical study of the aviation network in western China in 2016 based on the complex network theory, and analyzed the flow of passenger and cargo from the point of view of urban scale in western China. The results show that the air network in western China is highly concentrated, forming regional hubs mainly in Chengdu,Chongqing and Xian, and the nodes in the region are most closely connected with the national hub cities(Beijing,Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou) and coastal cities. The aviation network in western China is a small world network with scale-free features. At present, air transport in the western China is mainly concentrated in the regional hub cities. There are obvious differences in the level of transportation among different cities, especially for the air cargo, it's highly concentrated in the cities with a population of more than 5 million.
引文
[1]张东操.南北拆分没打破垄断竞争[J].数字通信,2003(06):84-84.
[2]《中国通信年鉴》编辑部.《中国通信年鉴》[Z]:人民邮电出版社.,2017:81.
[3]张越.“铁塔”成立,“网业分离”的前奏[J/OL].中国信息化,2014(16):50-51.
[4]赵坚,汤浒,崔莎娜.我国铁路重组为三大区域铁路公司的设想[J].综合运输,2012(7):28-32.
[5]汤浒,赵坚.国外铁路重组的实践对中国铁路改革的启示[J].综合运输,2016,38(5):15-20.
[6]铁道部办公厅.“网运分离”:中国铁路运输管理体制改革的基本思路[J].铁道经济研究,2000,3(2):5-5.
[7]魏际刚.新时期深化铁路体制改革思路研究[J].发展研究,2016(03):16-20.
[8]左大杰.基于统分结合的铁路网运分离经营管理体制研究[J].综合运输,2016,38(3):23-35.
(1)货运受理服务中心的职责包括:货运业务集中受理、大客户维护、装载监控、服务质量监督等。
(2)待“中铁国投”成立后,由“中铁国投”持有相关股份,详见《中国铁路改革研究丛书(12)铁路改革目标与路径研究》。
[2]《中国通信年鉴》编辑部.《中国通信年鉴》[Z]:人民邮电出版社.,2017:81.
[3]张越.“铁塔”成立,“网业分离”的前奏[J/OL].中国信息化,2014(16):50-51.
[4]赵坚,汤浒,崔莎娜.我国铁路重组为三大区域铁路公司的设想[J].综合运输,2012(7):28-32.
[5]汤浒,赵坚.国外铁路重组的实践对中国铁路改革的启示[J].综合运输,2016,38(5):15-20.
[6]铁道部办公厅.“网运分离”:中国铁路运输管理体制改革的基本思路[J].铁道经济研究,2000,3(2):5-5.
[7]魏际刚.新时期深化铁路体制改革思路研究[J].发展研究,2016(03):16-20.
[8]左大杰.基于统分结合的铁路网运分离经营管理体制研究[J].综合运输,2016,38(3):23-35.
(1)货运受理服务中心的职责包括:货运业务集中受理、大客户维护、装载监控、服务质量监督等。
(2)待“中铁国投”成立后,由“中铁国投”持有相关股份,详见《中国铁路改革研究丛书(12)铁路改革目标与路径研究》。