农户社会信任对土地流转租金的影响——基于CHIP数据的实证分析
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摘要
当前我国以价格为导向的土地流转市场并未有效提升土地转入新型农业经营主体的比例,这与农户"一地两策"的自我保护行为不无关系。为探究其背后的影响机制,本文综合社会学和经济学视角,构建了农户社会信任影响土地流转租金收取的分析框架,并基于CHIP2014大样本数据进行了实证分析。研究发现:农户社会信任能够显著降低土地租金,且在相同信任水平下,当土地转入对象为个人时,相比转入种植大户、企业和村集体组织的租金降低幅度更大。其原因是土地流转给企业、种植大户和村集体组织时,农户社会信任对土地租金的影响只存在风险规避效应;而土地流转给个人时,同时存在风险规避效应和人情收益效应。因此,引导和鼓励农户向新型农业经营主体流转土地时,应重视农户土地流转中的"一地两策"行为,着力提升农户与新型经营主体之间的信任关系。
At present, the price-oriented land transfer market in China has not effectively increased the proportion of land transferred to new agricultural business entities, which is related to the self-protection behavior of the farmers' "one place and two policies". To explore the mechanism behind the impact, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the social trust of farmers to affect the rent of land transfer based on the perspective of sociology and economics, and carries out an empirical analysis based on the large sample data of CHIP 2014. The study found that farmers' social trust can significantly reduce land rents, and at the same level of trust, when land transfer targets are individuals, the rent reduced more than that of large-scale planters, enterprises and village collective organizations. The reason is that when land is transferred to enterprises, large planters and village collective organizations, the impact of farmers' social trust on land rent has only risk aversion effect, and when land is transferred to individuals, there is influencing mechanism of both risk evasion effects and human relations' benefit effects. Therefore, when guiding and encouraging farmers to transfer land to new agricultural business entities, they should pay attention to the "one land and two policies" behavior in the land transfer of farmers, and strive to improve the trust relationship between farmers and new business entities.
At present, the price-oriented land transfer market in China has not effectively increased the proportion of land transferred to new agricultural business entities, which is related to the self-protection behavior of the farmers' "one place and two policies". To explore the mechanism behind the impact, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the social trust of farmers to affect the rent of land transfer based on the perspective of sociology and economics, and carries out an empirical analysis based on the large sample data of CHIP 2014. The study found that farmers' social trust can significantly reduce land rents, and at the same level of trust, when land transfer targets are individuals, the rent reduced more than that of large-scale planters, enterprises and village collective organizations. The reason is that when land is transferred to enterprises, large planters and village collective organizations, the impact of farmers' social trust on land rent has only risk aversion effect, and when land is transferred to individuals, there is influencing mechanism of both risk evasion effects and human relations' benefit effects. Therefore, when guiding and encouraging farmers to transfer land to new agricultural business entities, they should pay attention to the "one land and two policies" behavior in the land transfer of farmers, and strive to improve the trust relationship between farmers and new business entities.
引文
[1]洪名勇.欠发达地区的农地流转分析——来自贵州省4个县的调查[J].中国农村经济,2009(8):79-88.
[2]黄增付.农民土地转出中的道义理性选择及现实困境——以核心产粮区典型村庄为例[J].农业经济问题,2016(7):81-89.
[3]陈奕山,钟甫宁,纪月清.为什么土地流转中存在零租金?———人情租视角的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2017(4):43-56.
[4]孔祥智,徐珍源.转出土地农户选择流转对象的影响因素分析———基于综合视角的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(12):17-25.
[5]钟涨宝,汪萍.农地流转过程中的农户行为分析———湖北,浙江等地的农户问卷调查[J].中国农村观察,2003(6):55-64.
[6]何静.基于信息对称视角的农村土地流转效率分析[J].山东社会科学,2015(5):144-149.
[7]王敬尧,王承禹.农地规模经营中的信任转变[J].政治学研究,2018(1):59-69.
[8]陈飞,翟伟娟.农户行为视角下农地流转诱因及其福利效应研究[J].经济研究,2015(10):163-177.
[9]罗必良.科斯定理:反思与拓展——兼论中国农地流转制度改革与选择[J].经济研究,2017(11):178-193.
[10]胡新艳,杨晓莹.农地流转中的禀赋效应及代际差异[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):12-23.
[11]钟文晶,罗必良.禀赋效应、产权强度与农地流转抑制——基于广东省的实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(3):6-16.
[12]陈振,郭杰,欧名豪.资本下乡过程中农户风险认知对土地转出意愿的影响研究———基于安徽省526份农户调研问卷的实证[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):129-137.
[13]赵德起,吴云勇.政府视角下农地使用权流转的理论探索与政策选择[J].农业经济问题,2011(7):36-45.
[14]尚旭东,朱守银.农地流转补贴政策效应分析———基于挤出效应、政府创租和目标偏离视角[J].中国农村观察,2017(6):43-56.
[15]马贤磊,沈怡,仇童伟,等.自我剥削、禀赋效应与农地流转潜在市场发育———兼论经济欠发达地区小农户生产方式转型[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(1):40-47.
[16]王倩,任倩,余劲.粮食主产区农地流转农户议价能力实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2018(2):47-59.
[17]翟研宁.农村土地承包经营权流转价格问题研究[J].农业经济问题,2013(11):82-86.
[18] HOLDEN S T,BEZU S. Preferences for Land Sales Legalization and Land Values in Ethiopia[J]. Land Use Policy,2016,52(3):410-421.
[19] TAYLOR M R,FEATHERSTONE A M. The Value of Social Capital in Farmland Leasing Relationships[J]. Agricultural Finance Review,2018,78(4):489-496.
[20] CHOUMERT J,PASCALE P. Farmland Rental Prices in GM Soybean Areas of Argentina:Do Contractual Arrangements Matter?[J]. The Journal of Development Studies,2017,53(8):1286-1302.
[21] PERRY J M,ROBISON L J. Evaluating the Influence of Personal Relationships on Land Sale Prices:A Case Study in Oregon[J]. Land Economics,2001,77(3):385-398.
[22] TSOODLE L J,GOLDEN B B,FEATHERSTONE A M. Factors Influencing Kansas Agricultural Farm Land Values[J].Land Economics,2006,82(1):124-139.
[23] KOSTOV P. Do Buyers'Characteristics and Personal Relationships Affect Agricultural Land Prices?[J]. Land Economics,2010,86(1):48-65.
[24] BRYAN J,JAMES D B,WEERSINK A. Do Landlord-Tenant Relationships Influence Rental Contracts for Farmland or the Cash Rental Rate?[J]. Land Economics,2015,91(4):650-663.
[25]田先红,陈玲.地租怎样确定?———土地流转价格形成机制的社会学分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(6):2-12.
[26]杨国荣.信任及其伦理意义[J].中国社会科学,2018(3):45-51.
[27]王珏.现代社会信任问题的伦理回应[J].中国社会科学,2018(3):59-65.
[28]刘米娜,杜俊荣.转型期中国城市居民政府信任研究———基于社会资本视角的实证分析[J].公共管理学报,2013(2):64-74.
[29] KNACK S,KEEFER P. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997,112(4):1251-1288.
[30]洪名勇.信任与农地租赁制度实施的实验经济研究[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2007(6):27-34.
[31]文军.从生存理性到社会理性选择:当代中国农民外出就业动因的社会学分析[J].社会学研究,2001(6):19-30.
[32]黄梦思,孙剑.“农业龙头企业+农户”模式的关系风险与交易治理[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):1-11.
[33]罗家德,孙瑜,谢朝霞,等.自组织运作过程中的能人现象[J].中国社会科学,2013(10):86-101.
[34]翟学伟.人情,面子与权力的再生产[J].社会学研究,2004(5):48-57.
[35]王亚楠,纪月清,徐志刚,等.有偿VS无偿:产权风险下农地附加价值与农户转包方式选择[J].管理世界,2015(11):87-94.
[36]孙立平.“关系”、社会关系与社会结构[J].社会学研究,1996(5):22-32.
[37]张翠娥,万江红.农村土地流转中人情与利益的博弈——对两个不同社会经济发展水平农村社区土地流转的比较[J].湖北社会科学,2005(6):69-71.
[38]高晓红.先秦儒家义利观及其现代意义[J].学术界,2006(5):218-222.
[39]钱龙,洪名勇,龚丽娟,等.差序格局、利益取向与农户土地流转契约选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(12):95-104.
[40] DURLAUF S N, FAFCHAMPS M. Social Capital[M]//AGHION P,DURLAUF S N. Handbook of Economic Growth.Oxford,UK:Elsevier,2005:1639-1699.
[41] GUISO L,SAPIENZA P,ZINGALES L. Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2006,20(2):23-48.
[42]胡荣,胡康,温莹莹.社会资本、政府绩效与城市居民对政府的信任[J].社会学研究,2011(1):96-117.
[43]刘瑞峰,梁飞,王文超,马恒运.农村土地流转差序格局形成及政策调整方向———基于合约特征和属性的联合考察[J].农业技术经济,2018(4):27-43.
[44]史宇鹏,李新荣.公共资源与社会信任:以义务教育为例[J].经济研究,2016(5):86-100.
[45] BJΦRNSKOV C. Determinants of Generalized Trust:A CrossCountry Comparison[J]. Public Choice,2007,130(1-2):1-21.
[46]高虹,陆铭.社会信任对劳动力流动的影响———中国农村整合型社会资本的作用及其地区差异[J].中国农村经济,2010(3):12-24.
[47] HECKMAN J J. The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation,Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models[J]. NBER Chapters,1976,5(4):475-492.
[48] MADDALA G S,SCHMIDT P. Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics[J]. Journal of Economics Zeitschrift Füur National觟konomie,1983,43(4):423-424.
[49]蔡起华,朱玉春.社会信任、关系网络与农户参与农村公共产品供给[J].中国农村经济,2015(7):57-69.
(1)数据来源:http://www.jgs.moa.gov.cn/txjsxxh/201801/t20180105_6134216.htm。
[2]黄增付.农民土地转出中的道义理性选择及现实困境——以核心产粮区典型村庄为例[J].农业经济问题,2016(7):81-89.
[3]陈奕山,钟甫宁,纪月清.为什么土地流转中存在零租金?———人情租视角的实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2017(4):43-56.
[4]孔祥智,徐珍源.转出土地农户选择流转对象的影响因素分析———基于综合视角的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2010(12):17-25.
[5]钟涨宝,汪萍.农地流转过程中的农户行为分析———湖北,浙江等地的农户问卷调查[J].中国农村观察,2003(6):55-64.
[6]何静.基于信息对称视角的农村土地流转效率分析[J].山东社会科学,2015(5):144-149.
[7]王敬尧,王承禹.农地规模经营中的信任转变[J].政治学研究,2018(1):59-69.
[8]陈飞,翟伟娟.农户行为视角下农地流转诱因及其福利效应研究[J].经济研究,2015(10):163-177.
[9]罗必良.科斯定理:反思与拓展——兼论中国农地流转制度改革与选择[J].经济研究,2017(11):178-193.
[10]胡新艳,杨晓莹.农地流转中的禀赋效应及代际差异[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(1):12-23.
[11]钟文晶,罗必良.禀赋效应、产权强度与农地流转抑制——基于广东省的实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(3):6-16.
[12]陈振,郭杰,欧名豪.资本下乡过程中农户风险认知对土地转出意愿的影响研究———基于安徽省526份农户调研问卷的实证[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(2):129-137.
[13]赵德起,吴云勇.政府视角下农地使用权流转的理论探索与政策选择[J].农业经济问题,2011(7):36-45.
[14]尚旭东,朱守银.农地流转补贴政策效应分析———基于挤出效应、政府创租和目标偏离视角[J].中国农村观察,2017(6):43-56.
[15]马贤磊,沈怡,仇童伟,等.自我剥削、禀赋效应与农地流转潜在市场发育———兼论经济欠发达地区小农户生产方式转型[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017(1):40-47.
[16]王倩,任倩,余劲.粮食主产区农地流转农户议价能力实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2018(2):47-59.
[17]翟研宁.农村土地承包经营权流转价格问题研究[J].农业经济问题,2013(11):82-86.
[18] HOLDEN S T,BEZU S. Preferences for Land Sales Legalization and Land Values in Ethiopia[J]. Land Use Policy,2016,52(3):410-421.
[19] TAYLOR M R,FEATHERSTONE A M. The Value of Social Capital in Farmland Leasing Relationships[J]. Agricultural Finance Review,2018,78(4):489-496.
[20] CHOUMERT J,PASCALE P. Farmland Rental Prices in GM Soybean Areas of Argentina:Do Contractual Arrangements Matter?[J]. The Journal of Development Studies,2017,53(8):1286-1302.
[21] PERRY J M,ROBISON L J. Evaluating the Influence of Personal Relationships on Land Sale Prices:A Case Study in Oregon[J]. Land Economics,2001,77(3):385-398.
[22] TSOODLE L J,GOLDEN B B,FEATHERSTONE A M. Factors Influencing Kansas Agricultural Farm Land Values[J].Land Economics,2006,82(1):124-139.
[23] KOSTOV P. Do Buyers'Characteristics and Personal Relationships Affect Agricultural Land Prices?[J]. Land Economics,2010,86(1):48-65.
[24] BRYAN J,JAMES D B,WEERSINK A. Do Landlord-Tenant Relationships Influence Rental Contracts for Farmland or the Cash Rental Rate?[J]. Land Economics,2015,91(4):650-663.
[25]田先红,陈玲.地租怎样确定?———土地流转价格形成机制的社会学分析[J].中国农村观察,2013(6):2-12.
[26]杨国荣.信任及其伦理意义[J].中国社会科学,2018(3):45-51.
[27]王珏.现代社会信任问题的伦理回应[J].中国社会科学,2018(3):59-65.
[28]刘米娜,杜俊荣.转型期中国城市居民政府信任研究———基于社会资本视角的实证分析[J].公共管理学报,2013(2):64-74.
[29] KNACK S,KEEFER P. Does Social Capital Have an Economic Payoff? A Cross-Country Investigation[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997,112(4):1251-1288.
[30]洪名勇.信任与农地租赁制度实施的实验经济研究[J].贵州大学学报(社会科学版),2007(6):27-34.
[31]文军.从生存理性到社会理性选择:当代中国农民外出就业动因的社会学分析[J].社会学研究,2001(6):19-30.
[32]黄梦思,孙剑.“农业龙头企业+农户”模式的关系风险与交易治理[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018(1):1-11.
[33]罗家德,孙瑜,谢朝霞,等.自组织运作过程中的能人现象[J].中国社会科学,2013(10):86-101.
[34]翟学伟.人情,面子与权力的再生产[J].社会学研究,2004(5):48-57.
[35]王亚楠,纪月清,徐志刚,等.有偿VS无偿:产权风险下农地附加价值与农户转包方式选择[J].管理世界,2015(11):87-94.
[36]孙立平.“关系”、社会关系与社会结构[J].社会学研究,1996(5):22-32.
[37]张翠娥,万江红.农村土地流转中人情与利益的博弈——对两个不同社会经济发展水平农村社区土地流转的比较[J].湖北社会科学,2005(6):69-71.
[38]高晓红.先秦儒家义利观及其现代意义[J].学术界,2006(5):218-222.
[39]钱龙,洪名勇,龚丽娟,等.差序格局、利益取向与农户土地流转契约选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(12):95-104.
[40] DURLAUF S N, FAFCHAMPS M. Social Capital[M]//AGHION P,DURLAUF S N. Handbook of Economic Growth.Oxford,UK:Elsevier,2005:1639-1699.
[41] GUISO L,SAPIENZA P,ZINGALES L. Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,2006,20(2):23-48.
[42]胡荣,胡康,温莹莹.社会资本、政府绩效与城市居民对政府的信任[J].社会学研究,2011(1):96-117.
[43]刘瑞峰,梁飞,王文超,马恒运.农村土地流转差序格局形成及政策调整方向———基于合约特征和属性的联合考察[J].农业技术经济,2018(4):27-43.
[44]史宇鹏,李新荣.公共资源与社会信任:以义务教育为例[J].经济研究,2016(5):86-100.
[45] BJΦRNSKOV C. Determinants of Generalized Trust:A CrossCountry Comparison[J]. Public Choice,2007,130(1-2):1-21.
[46]高虹,陆铭.社会信任对劳动力流动的影响———中国农村整合型社会资本的作用及其地区差异[J].中国农村经济,2010(3):12-24.
[47] HECKMAN J J. The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation,Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models[J]. NBER Chapters,1976,5(4):475-492.
[48] MADDALA G S,SCHMIDT P. Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics[J]. Journal of Economics Zeitschrift Füur National觟konomie,1983,43(4):423-424.
[49]蔡起华,朱玉春.社会信任、关系网络与农户参与农村公共产品供给[J].中国农村经济,2015(7):57-69.
(1)数据来源:http://www.jgs.moa.gov.cn/txjsxxh/201801/t20180105_6134216.htm。