定子表面织构对超声电机性能的影响
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摘要
针对超声电机摩擦材料磨损严重和温升高的问题,采用在定子表面加工微织构的方法,提高了电机机械特性并降低了摩擦材料磨损.首先,用显微镜测量超声电机定子表面摩擦材料黏着区域,设计出三种不同密度的凹坑织构,采用激光的方法加工在定子表面;然后,测试超声电机负载特性、效率特性和温升特性并观察定子表面.结果表明:3-凹坑织构定子电机空载转速最高,相比光滑定子电机高出12.1%,5-凹坑织构定子电机堵转转矩和最大效率最高,分别高于光滑定子电机13.04%和17.1%,同时电机的温升也有所降低.通过观察定子表面发现,凹坑织构有大幅降低摩擦材料黏着的作用,这种作用可以增加电机接触界面能量转换效率,提高了电机的性能并降低了摩擦材料的磨损.
Aiming at the problem-solving of the severe wear and temperature rise of friction materials used in ultrasonic motors, by using the method of fabricating micro-texture on the stator surface, the mechanical properties of ultrasonic motor was improved and the wear of friction material was reduced. Firstly, the positions of material adhesive area on the stator surface was measured by a microscope. After that three different density textures were designed and fabricated on stator surface by laser. Then, the speed-torque characteristics, efficiency-torque characteristics and temperature rise of the motor were tested. Meanwhile, the stator surface was observed. The results showed that the no-load speed of 3-dimple-texture stator was the highest, which was 12.1% higher than that of smooth stator. The stall torque and efficiency of 5-dimple-texture stator was the highest, which were 13.04% and 17.1% higher than that of smooth stator motor respectively. The temperature rise of textured stator was also reduced. By observing stator surface, it was found that the dimple texture greatly reduced the adhesion of the friction material, which can increase the energy conversion efficiency of the motor contact interface, improved the motor performance and reduced the wear of the friction material.
Aiming at the problem-solving of the severe wear and temperature rise of friction materials used in ultrasonic motors, by using the method of fabricating micro-texture on the stator surface, the mechanical properties of ultrasonic motor was improved and the wear of friction material was reduced. Firstly, the positions of material adhesive area on the stator surface was measured by a microscope. After that three different density textures were designed and fabricated on stator surface by laser. Then, the speed-torque characteristics, efficiency-torque characteristics and temperature rise of the motor were tested. Meanwhile, the stator surface was observed. The results showed that the no-load speed of 3-dimple-texture stator was the highest, which was 12.1% higher than that of smooth stator. The stall torque and efficiency of 5-dimple-texture stator was the highest, which were 13.04% and 17.1% higher than that of smooth stator motor respectively. The temperature rise of textured stator was also reduced. By observing stator surface, it was found that the dimple texture greatly reduced the adhesion of the friction material, which can increase the energy conversion efficiency of the motor contact interface, improved the motor performance and reduced the wear of the friction material.
引文
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[14]Liu Xiaoliang,Qiu Jinhao,Zhao Gai.Improved energy conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic motor with surface texture[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2018,70(9):1729-1736.doi:10.1108/ILT-02-2018-0053.
[15]Liu Xiaoliang,Qiu Jinhao,Zhao Gai.Effect of laser surface texturing on tribological properties of polyimide composites in the application of traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor[J].IndustrIal Lubrication and Tribology,2018,70(4):569-577.doi:10.1108/ILT-06-2016-0130.
[16]Li Jinbang,Qu Jianjun,Zhang Yanhu.Wear properties of brass and PTFE-matrix composite in traveling wave ultrasonic motors[J].Wear,2015,338-339(1):385-393.
[17]Mazza Luigi,Trivella Andrea,Grassi Roberto,et al.A comparison of the relative friction and wear responses of PTFE and a PTFE-based composite when tested using three different types of sliding wear machines[J].Tribology International,2015,90:15-21.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.001.
[2]Song Fuzhi,Yang Zhenhui,Zhao Gai,et al.Tribological performance of filled PTFE-based friction material for ultrasonic motor under different temperature and vacuum degrees[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017,134(39):45358.doi:10.1002/app.v134.39.
[3]Fan Yu,Ding Qingjun,Yao Zhiyuan.Properties of potassium titanate whisker reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene-based friction materials of ultrasonic motors[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2012,125(5):3313-3317.doi:10.1002/app.v125.5.
[4]Wang Qihua,Song Fuzhi,Zhang Xinrui,et al.Impact of fillers and counter face topography on wear behavior of PTFE polymers for ultrasonic motor[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2017,134(19):48835.
[5]Zhao Gai,Wu Chuhan,Zhang Liangchi,et al.Friction and wear behavior of PI and PTFE composites for ultrasonic motors[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2018,29(5):1487-1496.doi:10 .1002/pat.v29.5.
[6]Ding Qingjun,Yao Zhiyuan,Zheng Wei,et al.Experimental sutdy of friction material adhere to the stator of the traveling wave type rotary ultrasonic motor[J].Tribology,2007,27(6):578-582(in Chinese)[丁庆军,姚志远,郑伟,等.行波型超声电机定子摩擦材料的研制及其摩擦磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(6):578-582].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2007.06.016.
[7]Romlay Fadhlur Rahman Mohd,Yusoff Wan Azhar Wan,Piah Kamal Arifin Mat.Increasing the efficiency of traveling wave ultrasonic motor by modifying the stator geometry[J].Ultrasonics,2016,64:177-185.doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2015.09.002.
[8]Yang Xiao,Meng Xiangkai,Peng Xudong,et al.A TEHDlubrication analysis of surface textured mechanical seals[J].Tribology,2018,38(2):204-212(in Chinese)[杨笑,孟祥铠,彭旭东,等.表面织构化机械密封热弹流润滑性能分析[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(2):204-212].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2018.02.011.
[9]Zhao Shuai,Wang Xiaolei.The effects of surface texture on the wear properties of mechanical seals made of metal and molymers[J].Tribology,2015,35(6):761-767(in Chinese)[赵帅,王晓雷.高分子材料机械密封磨损特性及表面织构的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2015,35(6):761-767].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2015.06.016.
[10]Lu Chongyang,Yang Xuefeng,Wang Shouren,et al.Dynamic pressure lubrication and anti-friction characteristics of the working surface of the cemented carbide with triangular grooved microtexture[J].Tribology,2018,38(5):537-546(in Chinese)[鹿重阳,杨学锋,王守仁,等.三角沟槽形织构化硬质合金工作表面动压润滑及减摩特性[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(5):537-546].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2018.05.006.
[11]Yan Zhen,Sun Jiayi,Jiang Dong,et al.Tribological behavior of laser textured TiN films under dry friction condition[J].Tribology,2017,37(4):518-526(in Chinese)[剡珍,孙嘉奕,姜栋,等.激光织构化TiN薄膜的干摩擦性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2017,37(4):518-526].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2017.04.014.
[12]Hu Tianchang,Hu Litian,Ding Qi.Tribological properties of laser textured surfaces of 45#steel under dry friction[J].Tribology,2010,30(1):46-52(in Chinese)[胡天昌,胡丽天,丁奇.45#钢表面激光织构化及其干摩擦特性研究[J].摩擦学学报,2010,30(1):46-52].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2010.01.014.
[13]Wang Feng,Ding Qingjun,Zhao Gai,et al.Study on properties of surface texturing polyimide films friction materials of ultrasonic motor[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2017,46(9):1859-1862(in Chinese)[王丰,丁庆军,赵盖,等.表面织构化聚酰亚胺薄膜超声电机摩擦材料性能研究[J].应用化工,2017,46(9):1859-1862].doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-3206.2017.09.049.
[14]Liu Xiaoliang,Qiu Jinhao,Zhao Gai.Improved energy conversion efficiency of the ultrasonic motor with surface texture[J].Industrial Lubrication and Tribology,2018,70(9):1729-1736.doi:10.1108/ILT-02-2018-0053.
[15]Liu Xiaoliang,Qiu Jinhao,Zhao Gai.Effect of laser surface texturing on tribological properties of polyimide composites in the application of traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor[J].IndustrIal Lubrication and Tribology,2018,70(4):569-577.doi:10.1108/ILT-06-2016-0130.
[16]Li Jinbang,Qu Jianjun,Zhang Yanhu.Wear properties of brass and PTFE-matrix composite in traveling wave ultrasonic motors[J].Wear,2015,338-339(1):385-393.
[17]Mazza Luigi,Trivella Andrea,Grassi Roberto,et al.A comparison of the relative friction and wear responses of PTFE and a PTFE-based composite when tested using three different types of sliding wear machines[J].Tribology International,2015,90:15-21.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.04.001.