西安市6595名学龄前儿童体格发育偏离和常见病患病现况及相关因素分析
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摘要
目的了解西安市某城区学龄前儿童体格发育偏离及常见病患病情况,为做好儿童保健工作提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取西安市某区17家托幼机构2017年在园儿童6 862人,于3-9月入园体检,对符合条件的6 595名儿童的体检结果进行统计分析。结果生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率分别为0.23%、0.14%、0.94%;超重率12.87%、肥胖率11.89%;患龋率15.51%、贫血率5.14%。男童低体重率、肥胖率高于女童(P<0.01);随着年龄的增加,儿童生长迟缓、低体重、肥胖、龋齿、贫血的检出率增加(P<0.001);民办幼儿园儿童生长迟缓率、肥胖率、贫血率均大于公办幼儿园(P<0.01)。结论西安市该城区学龄前儿童营养不良比例较低,身高、体重达标率有待进一步提高,超重、肥胖率偏高,龋齿、贫血患病的绝对人数不容忽视。
Objective To understand the physical development deviation and common diseases status of preschool children in an urban area of Xi′an city,so as to provide reference for children health care work. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 6 862 children from 17 kindergartens in a district of Xi′an in 2017.The researchers were admitted to the kindergarten for physical examination from March to September,and 6 595 eligible results of children were finally analyzed. Results The rates of growth retardation,low body weight and wasting rate were 0.23%,0.14% and 0.94%,respectively.And the rates of overweight,obesity,dental caries and anemia were 12.87%,11.89%,15.51% and 5.14%,respectively.Boys had lower rates of body weight and obesity than girls(P<0.01).With the increase of age,the detection rate of growth retardation,low body weight,obesity,dental caries and anemia increased(P<0.001).Meantime,the rates of growth retardation,obesity and anemia of children in private kindergartens were higher than those in public kindergartens(P<0.01). Conclusion The proportion of dystrophy in preschool children in this district is relatively lower,and the rates of reaching standard of height and weight need to be further improved.Moreover,the absolute number of dental caries and anemia should not be ignored.
Objective To understand the physical development deviation and common diseases status of preschool children in an urban area of Xi′an city,so as to provide reference for children health care work. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 6 862 children from 17 kindergartens in a district of Xi′an in 2017.The researchers were admitted to the kindergarten for physical examination from March to September,and 6 595 eligible results of children were finally analyzed. Results The rates of growth retardation,low body weight and wasting rate were 0.23%,0.14% and 0.94%,respectively.And the rates of overweight,obesity,dental caries and anemia were 12.87%,11.89%,15.51% and 5.14%,respectively.Boys had lower rates of body weight and obesity than girls(P<0.01).With the increase of age,the detection rate of growth retardation,low body weight,obesity,dental caries and anemia increased(P<0.001).Meantime,the rates of growth retardation,obesity and anemia of children in private kindergartens were higher than those in public kindergartens(P<0.01). Conclusion The proportion of dystrophy in preschool children in this district is relatively lower,and the rates of reaching standard of height and weight need to be further improved.Moreover,the absolute number of dental caries and anemia should not be ignored.
引文
[1] 编辑委员会中华儿科杂志,中华医学会儿科学分会儿童保健学组.中国儿童体格生长评价建议[J].中华儿科杂志,2015,53(12):887-892.
[2] 曹英,张雅兰,刘春华.母乳喂养持续时间与学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的关联性分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(11):1146-1149.
[3] 王卫平.儿科学[M].8 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013.
[4] 李欣,陈薇,张辉,等.2015年北京市学龄前儿童乳牙龋现况及10年变化(2005～2015)[J].北京口腔医学,2017,25(4):229-233.
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[6] 顾景范.2012年全国营养与健康调查结果:第六届全国中西医结合营养学术会议[C].重庆,2015.
[7] 国家统计局.2016年《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)》统计监测报告[S].2017.
[8] 李晓红,周健,王飞.西安市北郊入托幼儿膳食营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2017,36(6):907-909.
[9] 李少闻,王思思,雷晓梅,等.2013年西安市城区0～6岁儿童超重/肥胖流行病学调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(19):4027-4030.
[10] 庞俊香,薛晓辉,张庆丽,等.北京市石景山区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖现状及影响因素调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2018,33(2):409-411.
[11] 朱敏,曹臻,周玉莲,等.芜湖市弋江区学龄前儿童肥胖流行现状调查分析[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2016,22(4):233-236.
[12] 盛莉君,滕国兴.昆山市开发区学龄前儿童身体健康状况分析[J].江苏预防医学,2015,26(4):111-113.
[13] 陈尚徽,高红琼,张娜,等.学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素调查分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(34):5645-5647.
[14] 戴杨,徐通,马永红,等.学龄前儿童饮食行为及其影响因素研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(3):243-246.
[2] 曹英,张雅兰,刘春华.母乳喂养持续时间与学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的关联性分析[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2017,25(11):1146-1149.
[3] 王卫平.儿科学[M].8 版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013.
[4] 李欣,陈薇,张辉,等.2015年北京市学龄前儿童乳牙龋现况及10年变化(2005～2015)[J].北京口腔医学,2017,25(4):229-233.
[5] 敬新苗,张莉梅,潘程程.托幼机构儿童健康体检状况分析及对策研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2016,24(1):96-98.
[6] 顾景范.2012年全国营养与健康调查结果:第六届全国中西医结合营养学术会议[C].重庆,2015.
[7] 国家统计局.2016年《中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)》统计监测报告[S].2017.
[8] 李晓红,周健,王飞.西安市北郊入托幼儿膳食营养状况[J].中国学校卫生,2017,36(6):907-909.
[9] 李少闻,王思思,雷晓梅,等.2013年西安市城区0～6岁儿童超重/肥胖流行病学调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2016,31(19):4027-4030.
[10] 庞俊香,薛晓辉,张庆丽,等.北京市石景山区学龄前儿童超重、肥胖现状及影响因素调查[J].中国妇幼保健,2018,33(2):409-411.
[11] 朱敏,曹臻,周玉莲,等.芜湖市弋江区学龄前儿童肥胖流行现状调查分析[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2016,22(4):233-236.
[12] 盛莉君,滕国兴.昆山市开发区学龄前儿童身体健康状况分析[J].江苏预防医学,2015,26(4):111-113.
[13] 陈尚徽,高红琼,张娜,等.学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素调查分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(34):5645-5647.
[14] 戴杨,徐通,马永红,等.学龄前儿童饮食行为及其影响因素研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2018,26(3):243-246.