腾格里沙漠东南缘风沙环境及其对交通干线生态防护体系的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区的输沙势和最大可能输沙量的空间分布及变化规律,为包兰铁路风沙防护体系的维护及管理提供数据支撑。[方法]利用该地区1980—2010年的气象资料,探讨该区域多年来降水、风况、气温、输沙势等环境因子的变化趋势。[结果]该区域降水年际波动较大,且具有阵性特征;春夏两季的起沙风频率占全年总量的72.3%,主导风向为WNW-NNW和NE-E两组,大风多集中在春季;区域最大可能输沙量和输沙势具有较好的相关性。[结论]结合包兰铁路沙坡头段风沙防护体系现状,后期可以考虑将体系结构设置为A字形,以取得更好的防护效果。
[Objective]The paper studied the sand drift potential and the maximum possible sand-transporting quantity,and its spatial distribution features and variation on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,then to provide scientific foundation and advice for the construction and management of railway protection system.[Methods]Based on the date of meteorological from 1980 to 2010,the variation tendencies of precipitation,wind condition,air temperature and sand drift potential were discussed.[Results]Precipitation varied greatly from year to year,and had fitful characteristics.The frequency of wind-sand in spring and summer was 72.3% ,the wind direction was dominated by WNW-NNW and NE-E,strong winds were concentrated in spring.The sand drift potential and the maximum possible sand-transporting quantity had a good correlation.[Conclusion]According to the current situation of Baotou-Lanzhou Railway protection system at Shapotou section,it is better to shape the system to A shaped structure to achieve better protection effect.
[Objective]The paper studied the sand drift potential and the maximum possible sand-transporting quantity,and its spatial distribution features and variation on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert,then to provide scientific foundation and advice for the construction and management of railway protection system.[Methods]Based on the date of meteorological from 1980 to 2010,the variation tendencies of precipitation,wind condition,air temperature and sand drift potential were discussed.[Results]Precipitation varied greatly from year to year,and had fitful characteristics.The frequency of wind-sand in spring and summer was 72.3% ,the wind direction was dominated by WNW-NNW and NE-E,strong winds were concentrated in spring.The sand drift potential and the maximum possible sand-transporting quantity had a good correlation.[Conclusion]According to the current situation of Baotou-Lanzhou Railway protection system at Shapotou section,it is better to shape the system to A shaped structure to achieve better protection effect.
引文
[1]朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980.
[2]吴正.风沙地貌学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[3]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].河北石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003.
[4]哈斯,董光荣,王贵勇.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘的形态—动力学研究[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学版,1999,29(5):466-471.
[5]哈斯,王贵勇,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘表面气流及地貌学意义[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):30-34.
[6]阎满存,董光荣,李保生,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙漠演化的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(2):111-117.
[7]强明瑞,李森,金明,等.60ka来腾格里沙漠东南缘风成沉积与沙漠演化[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(3):256-259.
[8]任小玢.腾格里沙漠东南缘风沙流特征[D].陕西西安:陕西师范大学,2013.
[9]满多清,吴春荣,徐先英,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被盖度月变化特征及生态恢复[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):140-144.
[10]李新荣,贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被格局与土壤资源的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(S):37-43.
[11]张鹏,李新荣,张志山,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘生物土壤结皮的固氮潜力[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2157-2164.
[12]张加琼,张春来,吴晓旭,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系内的风沙沉降规律[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):16-22.
[13]屈建军,凌裕泉,井哲帆,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段风沙运动规律及其与防护体系的相互作用[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):529-533.
[14]屈建军,凌裕泉,俎瑞平,等.半隐蔽格状沙障的综合防护效益观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):329-335.
[15]杨丽雯,王大勇.沙坡头人工植被防护体系防风固沙功能价值评价[J].山西师范大学学报:自然学报版,2009,23(4):94-98.
[16]Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]∥Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.US Geological Survey Professional Paper,1979.
[17]凌裕泉.最大可能输沙量的工程计算[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(4):362-368.
[18]康立新,林华顺,蔡顺章,等.与风向成不同交角时林带防风效果的透风系数关系的探讨[J].林业科技通讯,1982(11):21-24.
[19]张春来,邹学勇,程宏,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2006,14(3):353-360.
[20]Bullard J E.A note on the use of the‘fryberger method’for evaluating potential sand transport by wind[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(3):499-501.
[21]朱金兆,贺康宁,魏天兴,等.农田防护林学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[22]张伟民,王涛,薛娴,等.敦煌莫高窟风沙危害综合防护体系探讨[M].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):409-414.
[23]石莎,马凤云,刘立超,等.沙坡头地区不同植被结构对沙地土壤水分的影响[J].中央民族大学学报:自然科学版,2004,13(2):137-141.
[24]李新荣,马凤云,龙立群,等.沙坡头地区固沙植被土壤水分动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):217-222.
[2]吴正.风沙地貌学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[3]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].河北石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003.
[4]哈斯,董光荣,王贵勇.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘的形态—动力学研究[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学版,1999,29(5):466-471.
[5]哈斯,王贵勇,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘表面气流及地貌学意义[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):30-34.
[6]阎满存,董光荣,李保生,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙漠演化的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(2):111-117.
[7]强明瑞,李森,金明,等.60ka来腾格里沙漠东南缘风成沉积与沙漠演化[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(3):256-259.
[8]任小玢.腾格里沙漠东南缘风沙流特征[D].陕西西安:陕西师范大学,2013.
[9]满多清,吴春荣,徐先英,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被盖度月变化特征及生态恢复[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):140-144.
[10]李新荣,贾晓红.腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠植被格局与土壤资源的关系[J].草地学报,2005,13(S):37-43.
[11]张鹏,李新荣,张志山,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘生物土壤结皮的固氮潜力[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2157-2164.
[12]张加琼,张春来,吴晓旭,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系内的风沙沉降规律[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):16-22.
[13]屈建军,凌裕泉,井哲帆,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段风沙运动规律及其与防护体系的相互作用[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):529-533.
[14]屈建军,凌裕泉,俎瑞平,等.半隐蔽格状沙障的综合防护效益观测研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):329-335.
[15]杨丽雯,王大勇.沙坡头人工植被防护体系防风固沙功能价值评价[J].山西师范大学学报:自然学报版,2009,23(4):94-98.
[16]Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]∥Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.US Geological Survey Professional Paper,1979.
[17]凌裕泉.最大可能输沙量的工程计算[J].中国沙漠,1997,17(4):362-368.
[18]康立新,林华顺,蔡顺章,等.与风向成不同交角时林带防风效果的透风系数关系的探讨[J].林业科技通讯,1982(11):21-24.
[19]张春来,邹学勇,程宏,等.包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系近地面流场特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2006,14(3):353-360.
[20]Bullard J E.A note on the use of the‘fryberger method’for evaluating potential sand transport by wind[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(3):499-501.
[21]朱金兆,贺康宁,魏天兴,等.农田防护林学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[22]张伟民,王涛,薛娴,等.敦煌莫高窟风沙危害综合防护体系探讨[M].中国沙漠,2000,20(4):409-414.
[23]石莎,马凤云,刘立超,等.沙坡头地区不同植被结构对沙地土壤水分的影响[J].中央民族大学学报:自然科学版,2004,13(2):137-141.
[24]李新荣,马凤云,龙立群,等.沙坡头地区固沙植被土壤水分动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):217-222.