广东省成年居民膳食模式与超重肥胖的关系
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摘要
目的分析广东省居民膳食模式,并探讨其与超重肥胖的关系,为超重和肥胖的饮食防控提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取广东省14个县区为监测点,每个监测点随机抽取3个乡镇(街道),每个乡镇随机抽取2个居委(村委),每个居委(村委)抽取45户符合条件的居民进行调查。调查内容包括个人健康情况调查、医学体检和膳食调查。利用因子分析方法对广东居民膳食模式进行分析,并分析膳食模式与超重肥胖的关系。结果本研究共对3 495名广东省成年居民进行调查,年龄18～91岁,平均(52.0±15.0)岁;男女性别比为1∶0.85。以汉族为主,共3 467人(占99.2%),学历以初中或高中为主,共1 662人(占47.6%),已婚者共3 168人(占90.6%)。BMI为(23.4±3.5)。广东省居民主要有4种膳食模式,分别为调味品膳食模式(占20.0%)、传统膳食模式(占29.6%)、果蔬蛋奶膳食模式(占24.8%)、酒饮料水产膳食模式(占25.5%)。传统膳食模式成年男性的BMI、腰围和肥胖发生率均最低(P<0.05或P<0.01),成年女性传统膳食模式和果蔬蛋奶膳食模式者的腰围和中心性肥胖发生率均较低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论广东省成年居民膳食模式多样化,传统膳食模式和果蔬蛋奶膳食模式可能与较低的BMI、腰围和肥胖发生率有关,是预防超重肥胖提倡的膳食模式。
Objective To determine dietary patterns of residents in Guangdong Province and explore its relationship with overweight and obesity. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method,14 counties/districts in Guangdong Province were selected as surveillance sites. Then 3 towns(streets)were randomly selected from each surveillance site,2 village committees were randomly selected from each town/streets,and finally 45 eligible residents were selected from each village committee for the survey. The survey contents included personal health status,medical examination and diet. Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary patterns and the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Results A total of 3 495 adult residents were investigated,and their ages were from 18 to 91 years,with an average age of(52.0 ± 15.0)years. The male to female sex ratio was 1∶0.85. Of the participants,3 467(99.2%)were Han nationality,1 662(47.6%)had the educational level at junior or senior high school,and 3 168(90.6%)married. The BMI was(23.4 ± 3.5). Four main dietary patterns were determined,i.e.,the condiment diet pattern(20.0%),traditional diet pattern(29.6%),fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern(24.8%)and wine-beverage and aquatic product diet pattern(25.5%). The BMI,waist circumference and obesity rates were the lowest among the male adults taking the traditional dietary pattern(P< 0.05 or P< 0.01).The waist circumference and central obesity rates of the female adults taking the traditional dietary pattern and the fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern were lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The traditional diet pattern and fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern may be related to a lower body mass index,waist circumference and obesity rate. Hence,these dietary patterns are recommended in the prevention of overweight and obesity.
Objective To determine dietary patterns of residents in Guangdong Province and explore its relationship with overweight and obesity. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method,14 counties/districts in Guangdong Province were selected as surveillance sites. Then 3 towns(streets)were randomly selected from each surveillance site,2 village committees were randomly selected from each town/streets,and finally 45 eligible residents were selected from each village committee for the survey. The survey contents included personal health status,medical examination and diet. Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary patterns and the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Results A total of 3 495 adult residents were investigated,and their ages were from 18 to 91 years,with an average age of(52.0 ± 15.0)years. The male to female sex ratio was 1∶0.85. Of the participants,3 467(99.2%)were Han nationality,1 662(47.6%)had the educational level at junior or senior high school,and 3 168(90.6%)married. The BMI was(23.4 ± 3.5). Four main dietary patterns were determined,i.e.,the condiment diet pattern(20.0%),traditional diet pattern(29.6%),fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern(24.8%)and wine-beverage and aquatic product diet pattern(25.5%). The BMI,waist circumference and obesity rates were the lowest among the male adults taking the traditional dietary pattern(P< 0.05 or P< 0.01).The waist circumference and central obesity rates of the female adults taking the traditional dietary pattern and the fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern were lower(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The traditional diet pattern and fruit-vegetable and egg-milk diet pattern may be related to a lower body mass index,waist circumference and obesity rate. Hence,these dietary patterns are recommended in the prevention of overweight and obesity.
引文
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[12]田野,闵捷,刘沛,孙金芳.江苏省居民膳食模式的聚类分析[J].卫生研究,2011,40(6):771-775.
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[14]中国营养学会.食物与健康科学证据[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:382-399.
[15]DanielCR,Prabhakar AH D,Kapur K,et al.A cross-sectional investigation of regional patterns of diet and cardio-metabolic risk in India[J].Nutr J,2011,10:12.
[16]Shinozark K,Okuda M,Sasaki S,et al.Dietary fiber consumption decreases the risks of overweight and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese children[J].Ann Nutr Metab,2015,67(1):58-64.
[17]Smethers AD,Rolls BJ.Dietary management of obesity:cornerstones of healthy eating patterns[J].Med Clin North Am,2018,102(1):107-124.
[2]张永慧,马文军.广东省居民膳食营养与健康状况十年变化分析[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2016:121-125.
[3]卓志鹏,倪文庆,袁雪丽,等.深圳市血脂异常人群健康管理效果分析[J].中国热带医学,2018,18(9):958-961.
[4]吴晓飞,王燕萍,范丽敏,等.浦东新区7~15岁学生肥胖及影响因素研究[J].预防医学,2018,30(10):1060-1063.
[5]纪桂元,洪晓敏,蒋琦,等.膳食模式与健康[J].华南预防医学,2018,44(2):191-194.
[6]中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司.中国成人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2006:1-10.
[7]郝丽洁,赵春香,白净.职业因素和膳食与男性轧钢工人代谢综合征关系[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(3):336-340.
[8]江美花,赖善榕,林少凯,黄峥.福建省成年居民膳食模式与代谢综合征的关系研究[J].营养学报,2018,40(5):439-444.
[9]李丹婷,陈梦雪,薛红妹,等.成都市学龄儿童膳食模式与超重肥胖的关系研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(22):4070-4073.
[10]章荣华,周标,胡浙芳,等.浙江省城市人群代谢综合征与膳食模式关系分析[J].卫生研究,2014,43(3):361-364.
[11]游杰,袁亚群,厉曙光,等.上海市成年居民膳食模式与肥胖的相关性研究[J].上海预防医学,2016,28(5):294-298.
[12]田野,闵捷,刘沛,孙金芳.江苏省居民膳食模式的聚类分析[J].卫生研究,2011,40(6):771-775.
[13]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013)[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:649-660.
[14]中国营养学会.食物与健康科学证据[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:382-399.
[15]DanielCR,Prabhakar AH D,Kapur K,et al.A cross-sectional investigation of regional patterns of diet and cardio-metabolic risk in India[J].Nutr J,2011,10:12.
[16]Shinozark K,Okuda M,Sasaki S,et al.Dietary fiber consumption decreases the risks of overweight and hypercholesterolemia in Japanese children[J].Ann Nutr Metab,2015,67(1):58-64.
[17]Smethers AD,Rolls BJ.Dietary management of obesity:cornerstones of healthy eating patterns[J].Med Clin North Am,2018,102(1):107-124.