獐子岛海域浮游植物群落周年变化及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了解獐子岛海域扇贝底播养殖区浮游植物群落的周年变化特征,于2011—2012年对该水域浮游植物及其理化环境进行了12个航次的逐月调查。结果表明:利用采水样品的Utermhl倒置显微镜分析方法,共鉴定出浮游植物53属119种,夏、秋季物种组成以甲藻和金藻为主,冬、春季以硅藻为主,裸藻、甲藻次之;各月平均细胞丰度变化为(17~312)×103cells/L,年平均为77×103cells/L,在春季(3、4月)和秋季(9、10、11月)出现两个丰度高峰;物种多样性程度在秋季较好,具槽帕拉藻Paralia sulcata、柔弱几内亚藻Guinardia delicatula、太平洋海链藻Thalassiosira pacifica等硅藻物种在全年保持优势,梭状角藻Ceratium fusus、小等刺硅鞭藻Dictyocha fibula、运动异双鞭藻Eutreptiella gymnastica分别在夏、秋、春季形成优势;物种分布与环境因子的典范对应分析和冗余分析显示,水温和溶解氧是调查区浮游植物群落周年变化的关键驱动因素,溶解态无机N、P营养盐对细胞的丰度分布、优势种演替亦有明显的控制作用。研究表明:獐子岛海域浮游植物饵料丰富、丰度水平稳定,适宜扇贝生长和可持续的底播养殖;具槽帕拉藻、太平洋海链藻、梭状角藻等物种皆可以作为养殖区的饵料指示种。
The phytoplankton and ambient environmental parameters were monitored in the scallop aquaculture area near Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea during twelve monthly surveys from 2011 to 2012 to evaluate the annual characteristics of phytoplankton community in the scallop aquaculture area near Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea. Utermhl analyzing method with an inverted microscope revealed that a total of 119 species( 53 genera) were recorded from the samples collected. Phytoplankton communities were characterized by dominant species in Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta in summer and autumn,and Bacillariophyta,Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta in winter and spring,with monthly cell abundance from 17×103cells / L to 312×103cells / L,annual averaged 77×103cells / L.Two peaks of the cell abundance were observed in spring( March and April) and autumn( Septemper and October),with high species diversity in autumn. Dominant species throughout the whole year were diatoms including Paralia sulcata,Guinardia delicatula and Thalassiosira pacifica,and Ceratium fusus,Dictyocha fibula and Eutreptiella gymnastica were the predominant species in summer,autumn and spring,respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis between cell abundance and the ambient environmental factors showed that seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen level were the key factors in driving the annual pattern of phytoplankton variation. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were as well responsible for the distribution of phytoplankton cell abundance and succession of dominant taxa in the study area. Considering abundant food species of natural phytoplankton,the adjoining waters near Zhangzi Island were fertile regions for growth and sustainable mariculture of scallops. Taxa such as P. sulcata,T. pacifica and C. fusus could be the suitable phytoplankton indicators for local fisheries.
The phytoplankton and ambient environmental parameters were monitored in the scallop aquaculture area near Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea during twelve monthly surveys from 2011 to 2012 to evaluate the annual characteristics of phytoplankton community in the scallop aquaculture area near Zhangzi Island in the northern Yellow Sea. Utermhl analyzing method with an inverted microscope revealed that a total of 119 species( 53 genera) were recorded from the samples collected. Phytoplankton communities were characterized by dominant species in Pyrrophyta and Chrysophyta in summer and autumn,and Bacillariophyta,Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta in winter and spring,with monthly cell abundance from 17×103cells / L to 312×103cells / L,annual averaged 77×103cells / L.Two peaks of the cell abundance were observed in spring( March and April) and autumn( Septemper and October),with high species diversity in autumn. Dominant species throughout the whole year were diatoms including Paralia sulcata,Guinardia delicatula and Thalassiosira pacifica,and Ceratium fusus,Dictyocha fibula and Eutreptiella gymnastica were the predominant species in summer,autumn and spring,respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis between cell abundance and the ambient environmental factors showed that seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen level were the key factors in driving the annual pattern of phytoplankton variation. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were as well responsible for the distribution of phytoplankton cell abundance and succession of dominant taxa in the study area. Considering abundant food species of natural phytoplankton,the adjoining waters near Zhangzi Island were fertile regions for growth and sustainable mariculture of scallops. Taxa such as P. sulcata,T. pacifica and C. fusus could be the suitable phytoplankton indicators for local fisheries.
引文
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[2]王俊,姜祖辉,董双林.滤食性贝类对浮游植物群落增殖作用的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(5):765-768.
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[15]张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28.
[16]李洪波,柳圭泽,梁玉波,等.辽宁长海海域叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):32-36.
[17]付成东,李大成,于佐安,等.长海县西北部海域浮游植物种类及密度的变化[J].水产科学,2012,31(7):408-412.
[18]白海锋,李丽娟,项珍龙,等.泾河水系浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):291-297.
[19]王鉴,李桂珍,王秀艳.长海县水域浮游植物数量分布和季节变化[J].水产科学,1995,14(2):23-27.
[20]徐铭,朱志祥,徐步峰,等.长海县核大砣子海珍品自然保护区海域的浮游植物[J].水产科学,1994,13(3):10-13.
[21]郭皓,闫启仑,曹丽.大连常江澳浮筏养殖贝类的饵料结构与浮游植物的关系[J].上海水产大学学报,1999,8(2):112-118.
[22]王芳,董双林,张硕,等.海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的食物选择性及滤除率的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(2):139-144.
[2]王俊,姜祖辉,董双林.滤食性贝类对浮游植物群落增殖作用的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(5):765-768.
[3]俞建銮,李瑞香.渤海、黄海浮游植物生态的研究[J].黄渤海海洋,1993,11(3):52-59.
[4]康元德.黄海浮游植物的生态特点及其与渔业的关系[J].海洋水产研究,1986(7):103-107.
[5]Sournia A.Phytoplankton Manual[M].Paris:Unesco,1978.
[6]国家技术监督局.GB/T 12763.4-1991海洋调查规范海水化学要素观测[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[7]Utermhl H.Zur vervollkommnung der quantitativen phytoplankton-methodik[J].Mitt Int Ver Theor Angew Limnol,1958,9:1-38.
[8]Tomas C R.Identifying Marine Phytoplankton[M].San Diego:Academic Press,1997.
[9]Dufrene M,Legendre P.Species assemblages and indicator species:the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach[J].Ecol Monogr,1997,67(3):345-366.
[10]Margalef R.Information theory in ecology[J].Int J Gen Syst,1958,3:36-71.
[11]Pielou E C.An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1969.
[12]Shannon C E,Weaver W.The Mathematical Theory of Communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1949.
[13]LepJ,milauer P.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[14]董婧,李培军,刘悦,等.黄海北部近岸浮游植物生态特征分析[J].水产科学,1999,18(5):12-15.
[15]张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化[J].海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28.
[16]李洪波,柳圭泽,梁玉波,等.辽宁长海海域叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):32-36.
[17]付成东,李大成,于佐安,等.长海县西北部海域浮游植物种类及密度的变化[J].水产科学,2012,31(7):408-412.
[18]白海锋,李丽娟,项珍龙,等.泾河水系浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(3):291-297.
[19]王鉴,李桂珍,王秀艳.长海县水域浮游植物数量分布和季节变化[J].水产科学,1995,14(2):23-27.
[20]徐铭,朱志祥,徐步峰,等.长海县核大砣子海珍品自然保护区海域的浮游植物[J].水产科学,1994,13(3):10-13.
[21]郭皓,闫启仑,曹丽.大连常江澳浮筏养殖贝类的饵料结构与浮游植物的关系[J].上海水产大学学报,1999,8(2):112-118.
[22]王芳,董双林,张硕,等.海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的食物选择性及滤除率的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2000,31(2):139-144.